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<P>
<HR>

<P>
<H1 align=3Dcenter>The PKI page</H1>
<P></P>
<P>
<HR>

<P>This page contains links to various sites and documents which are =
related to=20
<STRONG>Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)</STRONG> stuff, especially links =
to all=20
<STRONG>Certification Authorities (CAs)</STRONG> I'm aware of. Some =
links may be=20
missing, other links may be out of date so please check back from time =
to time=20
since I'm irregularly updating this page which by definition is far from =
being=20
complete. Please <A=20
href=3D"mailto:pki_dash_page_at_pki_dash_page_dot_info?subject=3DPKI =
page feedback">let=20
me know</A> about missing links.=20
<P>This page was last updated on January 5th, 2009 (!) - new links are =
marked as=20
<IMG alt=3Dnew src=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/images/new3.gif">=20
<P>
<H2>Jump directly to the following sections:</H2>
<UL>
  <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#CA">List of Certification=20
  Authorities</A>=20
  <UL>
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#PGPCA">PGP Certification=20
    Authorities</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#SIGG">CAs accredited by the =
German=20
    Digital Signature Act ("Signaturgesetz")</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#ITCA">CAs accredited by the =
Italian=20
    Digital Signature Act</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#UT">CAs licensed by the Utah =
Digital=20
    Signature Act</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#WA">CAs licensed by =
Washington State's=20
    Electronic Authentication Act</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#OR">CAs licensed by Oregon's =

    Electronic Signature Act</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#NC">CAs licensed by the =
North Carolina=20
    Electronic Commerce Act</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#CAL">CAs licensed by =
California's=20
    Digital Signature Regulations</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#NEB">CAs licensed by =
Nebraska's=20
    Digital Signatures Act</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#TEX">PKI Service Providers =
approved by=20
    the Texas Digital Signature Rule</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#EU">Information related to =
the=20
    European Directive for Electronic Signatures</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#IND">CAs licensed under the =
Gvmt of=20
    India IT Act 2000</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#POL">CAs licensed under the =
Polish=20
    Digital Signature Law</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#NL">TTPs registered under =
the Dutch=20
    Wet Elektronische Handtekeningen</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#TUR">CAs registered under =
the Turkish=20
    Elektronic Signature Law</A> </LI></UL>
  <P></P>
  <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#OTHER">Other sites with useful =

  information</A>=20
  <UL>
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#CRYPT">Cryptography</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#DIGSIG">Digital =
Signatures</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#PGP">PGP / OpenPGP / GPG</A> =

    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#WWW">General World Wide Web=20
    Security</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#SSL">Secure Socket Layer =
(SSL) /=20
    Transport Layer Security (TLS)</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#SMIME">MIME Security</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#DNSSEC">DNSSEC resources</A> =

    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#SET">Secure Electronic =
Transactions=20
    (SET)</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#TOOLS">Implementations / =
(open source)=20
    Toolkits / Products / Vendors</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#DOC">Literature / Articles / =

    Publications / RFCs</A>=20
    <UL>
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#IETFPKIX">PKIX</A>=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#IETFSMIME">S/MIME</A>=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#IETFTLS">TLS</A> =
</LI></UL>
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/#MISC">Miscellaneous PKI and =
Security=20
    stuff</A> </LI></UL></LI></UL>
<P>
<HR>

<H2><A name=3DCA>List of Certification Authorities:</A></H2>
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
  <P>
  <UL>
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki.dfn.de/" target=3D_blank>DFN - PKI</A> =

    <LI>IPRA: <A href=3D"http://bs.mit.edu:8001/ipra.html" =
target=3D_blank>Internet=20
    PCA Registration Authority</A> (MIT)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.cren.net/ca/index.html" =
target=3D_blank>CREN (US=20
    Corporation for Research and Educational Networking) CA</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.verisign.com/" target=3D_blank>VeriSign, =
Inc.</A> and=20
    its <A href=3D"http://www.verisign.com/repository/CPS/"=20
    target=3D_blank>Certificate Practice Statement</A> (CPS), <A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.verisign.com/verisign-business-solutions/public-sector=
-solutions/ieca-eca-certificates/index.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>ECA and IECA Certificates</A> for U.S. Government =
contractors=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://getset.bbtest.net/" target=3D_blank>SET Demo =
Certificate=20
    Selection</A> from VeriSign, Inc.=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://www.tradewave.com/products/tradeauthority.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>TradeAuthority</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.thawte.com/" target=3D_blank>Thawte =
Certification=20
    Division</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.icat.or.jp/English/index.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Initiative for Computer Authentication Technology =
(ICAT)</A>=20
    (<A href=3D"http://www.k-isit.or.jp/dccf/" =
target=3D_blank>Alternative site</A>)=20

    <LI>Free certificates by <A href=3D"http://freecerts.entrust.com/"=20
    target=3D_blank>Entrust Technologies</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.spyrus.com.au/" target=3D_blank>Spyrus</A> =

    Certification Authorities (Australia)=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://www.internet.ibm.com/commercepoint/registry/index.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Net.Registry</A> (IBM)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.surgeons.co.za/cert/" =
target=3D_blank>BiNARY=20
    SuRGEONS</A>: Certification Services=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.softforum.com/english/" =
target=3D_blank>SoftForum=20
    CA</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.cio-dpi.gc.ca/pki-icp/gocpki/gocpki_e.asp" =

    target=3D_blank>Government of Canada Public Key Infrastructure</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://aequitas.encomix.es/indexi.htm" =
target=3D_blank>AD=20
    AEQUITATEM</A> (Univ. of Zaragoza, Spain)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.siscer.com/siscer.en.html" =
target=3D_blank>SISCER</A>=20
    (Spain)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.ips.es/" target=3D_blank>Internet =
Publishing Services=20
    (IPS)</A> (<EM>note: Spanish language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"https://ca.sia.it/" target=3D_blank>SIA CA</A> =
(<EM>note: Italian=20
    language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.certco.com/" target=3D_blank>CertCo</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.iks-jena.de/leistungen/ca/index.en.php"=20
    target=3D_blank>IKS Certification Authority</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.compusource.co.za/id/personal/"=20
    target=3D_blank>CompuSource</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://sun.cary.net/CA/" target=3D_blank>CARYNET =
Security</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.auspost.com.au/keypost/" =
target=3D_blank>KeyPOST</A>=20
    (Australia Post)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.bankgate.com/id/" =
target=3D_blank>BankGate</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.entropia.com/ca/" target=3D_blank>Entropia =
Internet=20
    CA</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://camis.kaist.ac.kr/kaist-ca/" =
target=3D_blank>KAIST network=20
    CA</A> (<EM>note: Korean language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.ica.cz/" target=3D_blank>PVT CA</A> =
(<EM>note: Czech=20
    language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.saca.net/" target=3D_blank>South African =
Certification=20
    Agency</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://security.tin.it/" target=3D_blank>Telecom =
Italia Net=20
    CA</A> (<EM>note: Italian language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.wedlin.pp.se/ca/index.html" =
target=3D_blank>World Wide=20
    Wedlin CA</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.swisskey.ch/" target=3D_blank>Swisskey</A> =

    <EM>(discontinued)</EM>=20
    <LI>Australian <A href=3D"http://www.gpka.gov.au/" =
target=3D_blank>Government=20
    Public Key Authority</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.nlsign.nl/" target=3D_blank>NLsign</A> =
(<EM>note:=20
    Dutch language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://ca.ssb.net/" target=3D_blank>SSB - SpA</A> CA =
(<EM>note:=20
    Italian language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.ace.es/english/" target=3D_blank>Agencia =
de=20
    Certificaci=F3n Electr=F3nica</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://tirnanog.ls.fi.upm.es/CLab_CAs/IndiceCAs.html" =

    target=3D_blank>Laboratorio de Criptolog=EDa</A> (<EM>note: Spanish=20
    language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.ip.lt/" target=3D_blank>Interneto =
Projektai</A>=20
    (<EM>note: Lithuanian language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://ca.unito.it/" target=3D_blank>University of =
Torino</A>=20
    (<EM>note: Italian language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.usertrust.com/" target=3D_blank>The =
USERTRUST=20
    Network</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.globalsign.net/" =
target=3D_blank>GlobalSign</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.netrust.com.sg/" =
target=3D_blank>Netrust</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.128i.com/" target=3D_blank>Baycorp ID =
Services Ltd</A>=20

    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.certplus.com/ang/index.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Certplus</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.cca.gov.sg/" target=3D_blank>Controller of =

    Certification Authorities</A> (Gov. of Singapore)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.crosscert.com/" =
target=3D_blank>CrossCert</A> (Korean=20
    Electronic Certification Authority)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.equifaxsecure.com/" =
target=3D_blank>Equifax Secure</A>=20

    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.secdom.com.au/" target=3D_blank>Security =
Domain Pty=20
    Limited</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.certificates-australia.com.au/"=20
    target=3D_blank>Certificates Australia Pty Limited</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.a-sign.at/" target=3D_blank>a-sign</A> =
(<EM>note:=20
    German language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://fp5-csp.org/frames.html" target=3D_blank>FP5 =
Certification=20
    Service</A> (Fifth Framework Programme of the European Community)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.eto.ch/" =
target=3D_blank>http://www.eto.ch/</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.certifikat.dk/" target=3D_blank>Tele =
Danmark=20
    certificeringscenter</A> (<EM>note: Danish language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://alphatrust.com/" =
target=3D_blank>AlphaTrust</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.gsa.gov/aces/" target=3D_blank>ACES</A> - =
Access=20
    Certificates for Electronic Services (US General Services =
Administration)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.wildid.com/" target=3D_blank>WildID =
LLC</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.ti.fhg.de/trust_center.en.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>TI-TC</A> Trustcenter of the Institute for =
Telematics=20
    (<EM>note: German language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.europki.org/" target=3D_blank>EuroPKI</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://pki.surfnet.nl/" target=3D_blank>SURFnet =
PCA</A>=20
    (<EM>note: Dutch language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://www.fineid.fi/Default.asp?todo=3Dsetlang&amp;lang=3Duk"=20
    target=3D_blank>V=E4est=F6rekisterikeskus</A>: The Finnish =
Population Register=20
    Centre's CA (<EM>note: mostly Finnish language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.feste.org/" target=3D_blank>FESTE</A> =
(<EM>note:=20
    Spanish language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.certum.pl/" target=3D_blank>Powszechne =
Centrum=20
    Certyfikacji</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.acepta.com/" =
target=3D_blank>Acepta.com</A> (Autoridad=20
    Certificadora) (<EM>note: Spanish language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.e-certify.com/" target=3D_blank>E-certify=20
    Corporation</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://aces.orc.com/" target=3D_blank>ACES</A>: =
Access=20
    Certificates for Electronic Services=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://eca.orc.com/" target=3D_blank>ORC's DoD =
IECA</A>: Interim=20
    External Certification Authority=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.freecerts.com/" =
target=3D_blank>freecerts.com</A>:=20
    free WAP test certificates=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.betrusted.com/" =
target=3D_blank>beTRUSTed</A> (<EM>now=20
    called: Cybertrust</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.bridge-ca.org/" target=3D_blank>The =
European=20
    Bridge-CA</A>: for organizations and public administrations=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.certall.com/" target=3D_blank>Certall =
Finland Oy</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://jitc.fhu.disa.mil/pki/" target=3D_blank>DoD =
PKI</A> (<A=20
    href=3D"http://www.disa.mil/infosec/pkieca/" target=3D_blank>DoD PKI =
External=20
    CAs</A>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.a-trust.at/" target=3D_blank>a-trust</A> =
(<EM>note:=20
    German language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.hesa.com.au/" target=3D_blank>Health =
eSignature=20
    Authority Pty Ltd</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.id-safe.com.sg/" =
target=3D_blank>ID.Safe</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.igtop.ch/" target=3D_blank>IG tOP</A>: =
Tr=E4gerschaft=20
    =F6ffentliche PKI Schweiz (<EM>note: German language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.quovadis.bm/" target=3D_blank>QuoVadis =
Limited</A>:=20
    Bermuda Digital CA=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.certipor.com/" =
target=3D_blank>Certipor</A>: Sociedade=20
    Portuguesa de Certificados Digitais, S.A.=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.acertia.com/" target=3D_blank>Acertia</A> =
(<EM>note:=20
    Spanish language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://acraiz.icpbrasil.gov.br/" =
target=3D_blank>ICP-Brasil</A>=20
    (<EM>note: Portuguese language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.identrus.com/" =
target=3D_blank>Identrus</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.ecommercepki.com/" =
target=3D_blank>E-Commerce PKI=20
    CA</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.certeca.com/" target=3D_blank>Certeca</A> =
(Offshore=20
    CA)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.trustdst.com/" target=3D_blank>Digital =
Signature Trust=20
    Company</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.anassoc.com/BCA.html" =
target=3D_blank>BCA</A>: US DoD=20
    Bridge Certification Authority Technology Demonstration=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.medepass.com/" target=3D_blank>MEDePass, =
Inc.</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.eusign.com/" target=3D_blank>euSign =
S.A.</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.trustcenter.berlin.de/" =
target=3D_blank>TrustCenter=20
    berlin.de</A> (<EM>note: German language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.ezitrust.com/" =
target=3D_blank>Ezitrust</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.wedgetail.com/keystorm/" =
target=3D_blank>Keystorm</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.geotrust.com/" =
target=3D_blank>Geotrust</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.signgate.co.kr/eng/index.htm"=20
    target=3D_blank>SignGATE</A> (Korea Information CA, Inc.)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.signkorea.com/eng/index.php"=20
    target=3D_blank>SignKorea</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.yessign.or.kr/" =
target=3D_blank>YESSIGN</A> (<EM>note:=20
    Korean language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.rootca.or.kr/eng/index_en.html" =
target=3D_blank>Korea=20
    Certification Authority Central</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://sign.nca.or.kr/index.html" =
target=3D_blank>NCASign</A>=20
    (<EM>note: Korean language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://csrc.nist.gov/pki/fbca/" target=3D_blank>The =
Federal=20
    Bridge-CA</A> (NIST)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.e-trust.be/" target=3D_blank>Belgacom =
E-Trust</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.safeweb.com.br/empresa/" =
target=3D_blank>SafeWeb</A>=20
    (<EM>note: Portuguese language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki.gov.ar/" target=3D_blank>PKI - =
Infraestructura de=20
    Firma Digital para el Sector Publico - Argentina</A> (<EM>note: =
Spanish=20
    language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.opencerts.com/" =
target=3D_blank>OpenCerts</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.swupki.su.se/" target=3D_blank>SwUPKI</A>: =
PKI for=20
    Universities and University Colleges in Sweden=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.sigen-ca.si/eng/eng-index.php"=20
    target=3D_blank>SIGEN-CA</A> (Slovenia)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.sigov-ca.gov.si/index-en.htm"=20
    target=3D_blank>SIGOV-CA</A> (Slovenia)=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.noie.gov.au/projects/confidence/Securing/Gatekeeper.ht=
m"=20
    target=3D_blank>Gatekeeper</A> (Australia)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.portas.ca/" target=3D_blank>Portas</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.cacert.org/" target=3D_blank>CAcert</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.swisssign.com/" =
target=3D_blank>SwisSsign</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.sslpartner.com/" =
target=3D_blank>SSLpartner</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.scandtrust.se/" =
target=3D_blank>Scandtrust</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.instantssl.com/" =
target=3D_blank>InstantSSL</A>=20
    (Comodo Group)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.digicert.com/" target=3D_blank>DigiCert, =
Inc.</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.europepki.org/" =
target=3D_blank>EuropePKI</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.dtca.sk/" target=3D_blank>DTCA</A>: =
D.Trust=20
    Certifikacna Autorita (<EM>note: Slovakian language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.signet.pl/" target=3D_blank>Centrum =
Certyfikacji=20
    Signet</A> (<EM>note: Polish language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://pki.fraunhofer.de/" target=3D_blank>PKI der =
FhG</A>=20
    (<EM>note: German language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://support.partnergate.sonera.com/modules.php?name=3DContent&=
amp;pa=3Dshowpage&amp;pid=3D3"=20
    target=3D_blank>Sonera CA</A> (<EM>note: Finnish language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.certificadodigital.com.ar/"=20
    target=3D_blank>Certificado Digital S.A.</A> (<EM>note: Spanish=20
    language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.post.trust.ie/" =
target=3D_blank>Post.Trust</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://eid.steria.se/" target=3D_blank>steria</A> =
(<EM>note:=20
    Swedish language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.netlock.net/" target=3D_blank>NetLock =
Tan=FAs=EDtv=E1nykiad=F3=20
    K=F6zpont (CA)</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.cryptguard.com/" =
target=3D_blank>CryptGuard.com</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.comsign.co.il/english.asp" =
target=3D_blank>ComSign</A>=20

    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.utn.com.ua/" target=3D_blank>Union Trust =
Network</A>=20
    (Ukraine)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.luxtrust.lu/" target=3D_blank>LuxTrust =
S.A.</A>=20
    (<EM>note: French language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.certicamara.com/" =
target=3D_blank>Certicamara S.A.</A>=20
    (<EM>note: Spanish language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.carillon.ca/" =
target=3D_blank>Carillon.CA</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://cert.startcom.org/" target=3D_blank>StartCom =
Free SSL=20
    Certification Authority</A>=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.bankid.com/BankidCom/Templates/StartPage.aspx?id=3D4&a=
mp;epslanguage=3DEN"=20
    target=3D_blank>Finansiell ID-Teknik BID AB</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.certipath.com/" =
target=3D_blank>CertiPath</A>: "the=20
    world's first commercial PKI bridge"=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.sita.aero/Solutions/Communication_Services/Internet_Se=
curity_and_Integration/AeroTrust_Digital_Certification_Service/default.ht=
m"=20
    target=3D_blank>AeroTrust Digital Certification Service</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"https://www.xmpp.net/" target=3D_blank>XMPP =
Intermediate CA</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.cabforum.org/" target=3D_blank>CA/Browser =
Forum</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.digi-sign.com/" target=3D_blank>Digi-Sign, =
The=20
    Certificate Corporation</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.ssc.lt/" target=3D_blank>Skaitmeninio =
Sertifikavimo=20
    Centras</A> (<EM>note: Lithuanian language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.cnca.net/" target=3D_blank>NETCA</A> =
(<EM>note:=20
    Chinese language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"https://pki-info.aol.com/AOL/" target=3D_blank>AOL =
Root Certifier=20
    Authority Website</A> and <A =
href=3D"https://pki-info.aol.com/AOLMSPKI/"=20
    target=3D_blank>AOL Member Security PKI</A> </LI></UL>
  <P><A name=3DPGPCA>
  <H3>PGP Certification Authorities:</H3></A>
  <P>
  <UL>
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki.dfn.de/" target=3D_blank>DFN - PKI</A> =

    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.heise.de/ct/pgpCA/default.shtml" =
target=3D_blank>c't -=20
    Krypto-Kampagne</A> (<EM>note: German language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.iks-jena.de/leistungen/ca/index.en.php"=20
    target=3D_blank>IKS Certification Authority</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://keyserver.ad.or.at/" target=3D_blank>AD =
Certification=20
    Service</A> (<EM>note: German language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.certum.pl/" target=3D_blank>Powszechne =
Centrum=20
    Certyfikacji</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.cacert.org/" target=3D_blank>CAcert</A> =
</LI></UL>
  <P><A name=3DSIGG></A>
  <H3>CAs accredited by the <A=20
  =
href=3D"http://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/enid/5b8026b3a6c37b96b6c8c5d7b170=
ca7c,0/Areas/Electronic_Signature_z2.html"=20
  target=3D_blank>German Digital Signature Law</A> ("<A=20
  href=3D"http://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/media/archive/2248.pdf"=20
  target=3D_blank>Signaturgesetz</A>")</H3>
  <UL>
    <LI>The Root CA: <A href=3D"http://www.nrca-ds.de/"=20
    target=3D_blank>Bundesnetzagentur (Regulierungsbeh=F6rde)</A> =
(<EM>note: German=20
    language!</EM>)=20
    <P>
    <UL>
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.telesec.de/" =
target=3D_blank>Produktzentrum TeleSec=20
      der Deutschen Telekom AG</A>=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://dir.bnotk.de/" =
target=3D_blank>Bundesnotarkammer</A>=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.zs.datev.de/" target=3D_blank>DATEV eG=20
      Zertifizierungsstelle</A>=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.d-trust.de/" target=3D_blank>D-Trust =
GmbH</A>=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.signtrust.de/" target=3D_blank>Deutsche =
Post Com=20
      GmbH Gesch=E4ftsfeld Signtrust</A>=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.trustcenter.de/" target=3D_blank>TC =
TrustCenter=20
      GmbH</A>=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.dgn-service.de/" target=3D_blank>DGN =
Deutsches=20
      Gesundheitsnetz Service GmbH</A>=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.authentidate.de/" =
target=3D_blank>AuthentiDate=20
      International AG</A> (qualified time stamps only)=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.s-trust.de/" target=3D_blank>Deutscher =
Sparkassen=20
      Verlag GmbH</A>=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.medisign.de/" target=3D_blank>medisign =
GmbH</A>=20
      <P></P>
      <LI><A=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.deutsche-rentenversicherung-bund.de/nn_7966/SharedDocs=
/de/Navigation/Service/Zielgruppen/verwaltung/Trustcenter__node.html__nnn=
=3Dtrue"=20
      target=3D_blank>(Deutsche Rentenversicherung Bund)</A> </LI></UL>
    <P></P>
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.t7-isis.de/" target=3D_blank>T7 - ISIS</A> =
(Industrial=20
    Signature Interoperability Specification, <EM>note: obsolete - this =
is=20
    now</EM> <A href=3D"http://www.isis-mtt.org/" =
target=3D_blank>ISIS-MTT</A>)=20
    <UL>
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.secorvo.de/projekt/isis-mtt-testbed/"=20
      target=3D_blank>ISIS-MTT Testbed</A> </LI></UL>
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://www.bundesnetzagentur.de/media/archive/2648.pdf"=20
    target=3D_blank>Rahmenwerk f=FCr die einheitliche Spezifizierung der =

    Einsatzbedingungen f=FCr Signaturanwendungskomponenten</A> =
(<EM>note: German=20
    language!</EM>) </LI></UL><A name=3DITCA></A>
  <H3>CAs accredited by the <A=20
  =
href=3D"http://www.cnipa.gov.it/site/it-IT/In_primo_piano/Elenco_certific=
atori/Normativa/"=20
  target=3D_blank>Italian Digital Signature Law</A></H3>
  <UL>
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.cnipa.gov.it/site/it-IT/In_primo_piano/Elenco_certific=
atori/"=20
    target=3D_blank>Elenco pubblico dei certificatori attivi</A> =
(<EM>note:=20
    Italian language!</EM>)=20
    <P>
    <UL>
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.sia.it/" target=3D_blank>Societa =
Interbancaria per=20
      l'Automazione - Cedborsa S.p.A. (SIA S.p.A.)</A> (<EM>note: =
Italian=20
      language!</EM>)=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.ssb.net/" target=3D_blank>SOCIETA' per i =
SERVIZI=20
      BANCARI - SSB S.p.A.</A> (<EM>note: Italian language!</EM>)=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.multicertify.com/" target=3D_blank>BNL =
Multiservizi=20
      S.p.A.</A> (<EM>note: Italian language!</EM>)=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.card.infocamere.it/" =
target=3D_blank>Infocamere=20
      SC.p.A.</A> (<EM>note: Italian language!</EM>)=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://ca.finital.it/" target=3D_blank>Finital - =
Finanziaria=20
      Italiana S.p.A.</A> (<EM>note: Italian language!</EM>)=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.firmasicura.it/" target=3D_blank>Saritel =
S.p.A.</A>=20
      (<EM>note: Italian language!</EM>)=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.poste.it/" target=3D_blank>Postecom =
S.p.A.</A>=20
      (<EM>note: Italian language!</EM>)=20
      <LI><A href=3D"https://www.firmadigitale.seceti.it/" =
target=3D_blank>Societa=20
      per Azioni Servizi Centralizzati - Seceti S.p.A.</A> (<EM>note: =
Italian=20
      language!</EM>)=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.ct.rupa.it/" target=3D_blank>Centro =
Tecnico per la=20
      RUPA</A> (<EM>note: Italian language!</EM>)=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.e-trustcom.it/" =
target=3D_blank>In.Te.S.A.=20
      S.p.A.</A> (<EM>note: Italian language!</EM>)=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.enel.it/it/enel_it/index.html"=20
      target=3D_blank>ENEL.IT S.p.A.</A> (<EM>note: Italian =
language!</EM>)=20
      <LI><A href=3D"https://firmadigitale.trustitalia.it/" =
target=3D_blank>Trust=20
      Italia S.p.A.</A> (<EM>note: Italian language!</EM>)=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.cedacricert.it/" =
target=3D_blank>Cedacrinord=20
      S.p.A.</A> (<EM>note: Italian language!</EM>)=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.actalis.it/" target=3D_blank>ACTALIS =
S.p.A.</A>=20
      (<EM>note: Italian language!</EM>) </LI></UL></LI></UL>
  <P><A name=3DUT></A>
  <H3>CAs licensed by the <A=20
  href=3D"http://www.commerce.state.ut.us/digsig/dsmain.htm" =
target=3D_blank>Utah=20
  Digital Signature Act</A></H3>
  <UL>
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.trustdst.com/" target=3D_blank>Digital =
Signature Trust=20
    Company</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.usertrust.com/" target=3D_blank>Universal =
Secured=20
    Enryption Repository Company</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.verisign.com/" target=3D_blank>VeriSign, =
Inc.</A>=20
  </LI></UL>
  <P><A name=3DWA></A>
  <H3>CAs licensed by <A href=3D"http://www.secstate.wa.gov/ea/ea.aspx"=20
  target=3D_blank>Washington State's Electronic Authentication =
Act</A></H3>
  <UL>
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.idcertify.com/" target=3D_blank>ID =
Certify, Inc.</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.verisign.com/" target=3D_blank>VeriSign, =
Inc.</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.trustdst.com/" target=3D_blank>Digital =
Signature Trust=20
    Company</A> </LI></UL>
  <P><A name=3DOR></A>
  <H3>CAs licensed by <A=20
  =
href=3D"http://www.cbs.state.or.us/external/dfcs/e_commerce/digsig/digsig=
.htm"=20
  target=3D_blank>Oregon's Electronic Signature Act</A></H3>
  <UL>
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.verisign.com/" target=3D_blank>VeriSign, =
Inc.</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.trustdst.com/" target=3D_blank>Digital =
Signature Trust=20
    Company</A> </LI></UL>
  <P><A name=3DNC></A>
  <H3>CAs licensed by the <A=20
  href=3D"http://www.secretary.state.nc.us/ecomm/ecrules.htm" =
target=3D_blank>North=20
  Carolina Electronic Commerce Act</A></H3>
  <UL>
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.verisign.com/" target=3D_blank>VeriSign, =
Inc.</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.trustdst.com/" target=3D_blank>Digital =
Signature Trust=20
    Company</A> </LI></UL>
  <P><A name=3DCAL></A>
  <H3>CAs licensed by <A =
href=3D"http://www.ss.ca.gov/digsig/regulations.htm"=20
  target=3D_blank>California's Digital Signature Regulations</A></H3>
  <UL>
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.verisign.com/" target=3D_blank>VeriSign, =
Inc.</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.trustdst.com/" target=3D_blank>Digital =
Signature Trust=20
    Company</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.idcertify.com/" target=3D_blank>ID =
Certify, Inc.</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.entrust.com/" target=3D_blank>Entrust =
Technologies,=20
    Inc.</A> </LI></UL>
  <P><A name=3DNEB></A>
  <H3>CAs licensed by <A =
href=3D"http://www.nol.org/home/SOS/digitalsig/t437.htm"=20
  target=3D_blank>Nebraska's Digital Signatures Act</A></H3>
  <UL>
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.verisign.com/" target=3D_blank>VeriSign, =
Inc.</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.trustdst.com/" target=3D_blank>Digital =
Signature Trust=20
    Company</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.idcertify.com/" target=3D_blank>ID =
Certify, Inc.</A>=20
    </LI></UL>
  <P><A name=3DTEX></A>
  <H3>PKI Service Providers approved by the <A=20
  href=3D"http://www.dir.state.tx.us/standards/srrpub13.htm" =
target=3D_blank>Texas=20
  Digital Signature Rule</A></H3>
  <UL>
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.verisign.com/" target=3D_blank>VeriSign, =
Inc.</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.entrust.com/" target=3D_blank>Entrust</A> =
</LI></UL>
  <P><A name=3DEU></A>
  <H3>Information and documents related to the <A=20
  =
href=3D"http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=3DC=
ELEX:31999L0093:EN:HTML"=20
  target=3D_blank>European Directive for Electronic Signatures</A></H3>
  <UL>
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://europa.eu.int/information_society/index_en.htm"=20
    target=3D_blank>The European Commission</A>: Information Society =
Website=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.ict.etsi.org/EESSI_home.htm"=20
    target=3D_blank>EESSI</A>: The European Electronic Signature =
Standardization=20
    Initiative=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://portal.etsi.org/esi/el-sign.asp" =
target=3D_blank>ETSI</A>:=20
    European Telecommunications Standards Institute=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.cenorm.be/cenorm/businessdomains/businessdomains/isss/=
cwa/electronic+signatures.asp"=20
    target=3D_blank>CEN/ISSS E-Sign</A>: European Committee for =
Standardization=20
    (<A href=3D"http://www.uninfo.polito.it/WS_Esign/" =
target=3D_blank>another=20
    site</A>)=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://europa.eu.int/ISPO/ecommerce/legal/digital.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>European Commission</A>: Information Society=20
    Directorate-General=20
    <P></P>
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://www.legislation.hmso.gov.uk/si/si2002/20020318.htm"=20
    target=3D_blank>The Electronic Signatures Regulations 2002</A> (UK)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.signatur.rtr.at/en/index.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Supervisory Authority for Electronic Signatures</A> =
(Austria):=20
    <A href=3D"http://www.signatur.rtr.at/de/providers/providers.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>List of certification-service-providers in =
Austria</A>=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://europa.eu.int/information_society/eeurope/2002/action_plan=
/safe/esignatures/index_en.htm"=20
    target=3D_blank>Status of notification of legal acts implementing =
the=20
    electronic signatures directive</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.fesa.rtr.at/" target=3D_blank>FESA</A>: =
Forum of=20
    European Supervisory Authorities for Electronic Signatures=20
    <LI>Study report: <A=20
    =
href=3D"http://europa.eu.int/information_society/eeurope/2005/index_en.ht=
m"=20
    target=3D_blank>The legal and market aspects of electronic =
signatures</A> (<A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.secorvo.de/publikationen/electronic-sig-report.pdf">PD=
F=20
    version</A>, <A href=3D"http://www.pki-page.info/eu/"=20
    target=3D_blank>accompanying website</A>, <A=20
    href=3D"http://www.law.kuleuven.ac.be/icri/itl/elsig.php"=20
    target=3D_blank>accompanying website</A>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.vitas-cig.org/" target=3D_blank>VITAS</A>: =
Voluntary=20
    Trust-service Approval Schemes common interest group=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.olas.public.lu/psc/index.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Prestataire de service de certification</A> =
(Luxembourg)=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.amchameu.be/Pops/2004archive/esignatures02162004.pdf">=
Position=20
    paper on the e-signatures review</A> by the American chamber of =
commerce=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.sas.ch/en/" target=3D_blank>Swiss =
Accreditation=20
    Service (SAS)</A>: <A =
href=3D"http://www.sas.ch/en/pki_isms/pki.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>List of bodies which are entitled to issue and =
administer=20
    qualified electronic certificates</A>=20
    <UL>
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.swisstrustcert.ch/index.mhtml"=20
      target=3D_blank>Swisscom Digital Certificate Service</A>=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.quovadis.ch/" target=3D_blank>QuoVadis =
Trustlink=20
      Schweiz AG</A> </LI></UL>
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.esstandardisation.eu/" =
target=3D_blank>eSignatures=20
    Standardisation survey</A> </LI></UL>
  <P><A name=3DIND></A>
  <H3>CAs licensed under the <A =
href=3D"http://www.mit.gov.in/itbillmain.asp"=20
  target=3D_blank>Gvmt of India IT Act 2000</A></H3>
  <UL>
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.cca.gov.in/" target=3D_blank>Controller of =
CAs</A>=20
    <UL>
      <LI><A href=3D"http://idrbtca.org.in/" target=3D_blank>IDRBT =
CA</A>=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.tcs-ca.tcs.co.in/index.jsp" =
target=3D_blank>TCS=20
      Certifying Authority (CA) Services</A>=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://nicca.nic.in/" target=3D_blank>National =
Informatics=20
      Center CA</A>=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.safescrypt.com/" =
target=3D_blank>SafeScrypt</A>=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://mtnltrustline.com/" target=3D_blank>MTNL =
TrustLine=20
      CA</A>=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://icert.gov.in/" target=3D_blank>iCert CA =
(Customs &amp;=20
      Central Excise)</A>=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.ncodesolutions.com/" =
target=3D_blank>(n)Code=20
      Solutions CA (GNFC)</A> </LI></UL></LI></UL>
  <P><A name=3DPOL></A>
  <H3>CAs licensed under the <A=20
  =
href=3D"http://isip.sejm.gov.pl/servlet/Search?todo=3Dopen&amp;id=3DWDU20=
011301450"=20
  target=3D_blank>Polish Digital Signature Law</A></H3>
  <UL>
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.certum.pl/" target=3D_blank>Unizeto CERTUM =
CA</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.sigillum.pl/" target=3D_blank>Sigillum =
Polskie Centrum=20
    Certyfikacji Elektronicznej</A> (<EM>note: Polish language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.signet.pl/" target=3D_blank>Centrum =
Certyfikacji=20
    Signet</A> (<EM>note: Polish language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.kir.com.pl/" target=3D_blank>KIR S.A.</A> =
(<EM>note:=20
    Polish language!</EM>) </LI></UL>
  <P><A name=3DNL></A>
  <H3>TTPs registered under the Dutch <A=20
  =
href=3D"http://www.justitie.nl/publicaties/brochures_en_factsheets/factsh=
eets/elektronische_handtekeningen.asp"=20
  target=3D_blank>Wet Elektronische Handtekeningen</A></H3>
  <UL>
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.uziregister.nl/" target=3D_blank>Unieke =
Zorgverlener=20
    Identificatie Register</A> (<EM>note: Dutch language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pinkroccadecsp.nl/" =
target=3D_blank>PinkRoccade=20
    CSP</A> (<EM>note: Dutch language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.diginotar.nl/" target=3D_blank>DigiNotar =
B.V.</A>=20
    (<EM>note: Dutch language!</EM>) </LI></UL>
  <P><A name=3DTUR></A>
  <H3>CAs registered under the Turkish <A=20
  href=3D"http://www.tk.gov.tr/eng/pdf/Electronic_Signature_Law.pdf"=20
  target=3D_blank>Elektronic Signature Law</A>=20
  <UL>
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.tk.gov.tr/eimza/eshs.htm" =
target=3D_blank>ESHS'ler</A>=20
    (<EM>note: Turkish language!</EM>)=20
    <UL>
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.e-guven.com/" target=3D_blank>Elektronik =
Bilgi=20
      G=FCvenligi A.S.</A> (<EM>note: Turkish language!</EM>)=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.uekae.tubitak.gov.tr/"=20
      target=3D_blank>TUBITAK-UEKAE</A> (<EM>note: Turkish =
language!</EM>)=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.turktrust.com.tr/" =
target=3D_blank>T=FCrkTrust Bilgi,=20
      Iletisim ve Bilisim G=FCvenligi Hizmetleri A.S.</A> (<EM>note: =
Turkish=20
      language!</EM>)=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.e-tugra.com.tr/" target=3D_blank>EBG =
Bilisim=20
      Teknolojileri ve Hizmetleri A.S.(E-Tugra)</A> (<EM>note: Turkish=20
      language!</EM>) </LI></UL></LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE>
<P>
<HR>

<P>
<H2><A name=3DOTHER>Other sites with useful information:</A></H2>
<P>Here are some more links to sites I find interesting.=20
<P>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
  <P><A name=3DCRYPT>
  <H3>Cryptography:</H3></A>
  <UL>
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.cs.hut.fi/ssh/crypto/" =
target=3D_blank>International=20
    Cryptography Pages</A>=20
    <LI>RSA Laboratories' <A=20
    href=3D"http://www.rsasecurity.com/rsalabs/node.asp?id=3D2149"=20
    target=3D_blank>"CryptoBytes"</A> technical newsletter=20
    <LI>The <A href=3D"http://sun.soci.niu.edu/~crypt/" =
target=3D_blank>"CRYPT=20
    NEWSLETTER"</A> Homepage=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://rechten.uvt.nl/koops/cryptolaw/" =
target=3D_blank>Crypto=20
    Law Survey</A> (Bert-Jaap Koops)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.cygnus.com/pub/export/export.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Cryptography Export Control Archives</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.modeemi.cs.tut.fi/~avs/eu-crypto.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>European Cryptography Resources</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.bxa.doc.gov/encstart.htm" =
target=3D_blank>Commercial=20
    Encryption Export Controls</A> (BXA)=20
    <LI>The <A href=3D"http://www.ctr.columbia.edu/vii/crypto/"=20
    target=3D_blank>Worldwide Cryptography Debate</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.fsk.dk/fsk/div/hearing/" =
target=3D_blank>European=20
    expert hearing on digital signatures and encryption</A> (Copenhagen, =
April=20
    23-24 1998)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.counterpane.com/" =
target=3D_blank>Counterpane Internet=20
    Security, Inc.</A> (Bruce Schneier)=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://dbs.cwi.nl:8080/cwwwi/owa/cwwwi.print_projects?ID=3D12"=20
    target=3D_blank>Computational number theory and data security</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/" =
target=3D_blank>Handbook=20
    of Applied Cryptography</A> (Menezes, van Oorschot, Vanstone)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.crypto-publish.org/" =
target=3D_blank>Cryptography=20
    Publishing Project</A>=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/oik/julki/pg/parviainen/"=20
    target=3D_blank>Cryptographic Software Export Controls in the EU</A> =
(thesis=20
    by Simo-Pekka Parviainen)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.outguess.org/detection.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Stegdetect</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://csrc.nist.gov/encryption/kms/" =
target=3D_blank>NIST's Key=20
    Management Standards</A>=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.cesg.gov.uk/site/ast/index.cfm?menuSelected=3D3&amp;di=
splayPage=3D3"=20
    target=3D_blank>ID-PKC</A>: IDentity-based Public Key Cryptography =
(CESG)=20
  </LI></UL><A name=3DDIGSIG>
  <H3>Digital Signatures:</H3></A>
  <UL>
    <LI><A href=3D"http://dsls.law.uvt.nl/" target=3D_blank>Digital =
Signature Law=20
    Survey</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.efga.org/digsig/" target=3D_blank>EFGA: =
Digital=20
    Signature Section</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.mbc.com/ecommerce.html" =
target=3D_blank>Summary of=20
    international legislation</A>=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://www.abanet.org/scitech/ec/isc/dsg-tutorial.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Tutorial</A> on Digital Signatures=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.qmw.ac.uk/~tl6345/index.htm" =
target=3D_blank>Digital=20
    Signature Links</A>=20
    <LI>Internet Law &amp; Policy Forum (ILPF): <A=20
    href=3D"http://www.ilpf.org/digsig/digsig.htm" =
target=3D_blank>Digital Signature=20
    Working Group</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.abanet.org/scitech/ec/isc/dsgfree.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Digital Signature Guidelines</A>=20
    <LI>ICC: <A href=3D"http://www.iccwbo.org/home/guidec/guidec.asp"=20
    target=3D_blank>General Usage for International Digitally Ensured =
Commerce</A>=20

    <LI>European Commission Legal Advisory Board: <A=20
    href=3D"http://www2.echo.lu/legal/en/ecommerc/digsig.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Digital Signatures and Encryption</A>=20
    <LI>W3: <A href=3D"http://www.w3.org/DSig/Overview.html" =
target=3D_blank>Digital=20
    Signature Initiative</A>=20
    <LI>UNITED NATIONS (UNCITRAL): <A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.uncitral.org/english/sessions/wg_ec/index.htm#TOP"=20
    target=3D_blank>Draft Uniform Rules On Electronic Signatures</A>=20
    <LI>Baker &amp; McKenzie: <A=20
    href=3D"http://www.bmck.com/ecommerce/whatsnew-security.htm"=20
    target=3D_blank>E-Signatures and D-Signatures</A>=20
    <LI>S.761: <A =
href=3D"http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c106:S.761:"=20
    target=3D_blank>Electronic Signatures in Global and National =
Commerce Act</A>=20
    (US federal)=20
    <LI>Bill 88: <A =
href=3D"http://www.ontla.on.ca/library/bills/88371.htm"=20
    target=3D_blank>Electronic Commerce Act, 2000</A> (Canada)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.archisig.de/" target=3D_blank>Projekt =
ArchiSig</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://ricerca.fst.it/" target=3D_blank>Fst =
Ricerca</A>=20
    (<EM>note: Italian language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.signature-perfect.com/docs/Leitfaden_Elektronische_Sig=
natur.pdf"=20
    target=3D_blank>Leitfaden Elektronische Signatur</A> (<EM>note: =
German=20
    language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"https://privasign.com/laws.asp" =
target=3D_blank>Federal, State=20
    and International Electronic Signature Laws</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.signaturrecht.de/"=20
    target=3D_blank>signaturrecht.de</A> (<EM>note: German =
language!</EM>)=20
  </LI></UL><A name=3DPGP>
  <H3>PGP / OpenPGP / GPG:</H3></A>
  <UL>
    <LI>The international <A href=3D"http://www.pgpi.org/" =
target=3D_blank>PGP Home=20
    Page</A>=20
    <LI>The domain <A href=3D"http://www.pgp.net/pgpnet/"=20
    target=3D_blank><EM>pgp.net</EM></A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://wwwkeys.pgp.net/" target=3D_blank>PGP =
Keyserver</A>=20
    <LI>PGP <A href=3D"http://bcn.boulder.co.us/~neal/pgpstat/" =
target=3D_blank>Web=20
    of Trust Statistics</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc1991.txt"=20
    target=3D_blank>RFC 1991:</A> "PGP Message Exchange Formats"=20
    <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2015.txt"=20
    target=3D_blank>RFC 2015:</A> "MIME Security with Pretty Good =
Privacy (PGP)"=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pgp.com/" target=3D_blank>PGP =
Corporation</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://axion.physics.ubc.ca/pgp-attack.html" =
target=3D_blank>PGP=20
    Attack FAQ</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pgpinternational.com/" target=3D_blank>PGP =

    International</A>=20
    <LI>Robert (Guerra)'s <A =
href=3D"http://www.interlog.com/~rguerra/www/"=20
    target=3D_blank>PGP Links</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4880.txt"=20
    target=3D_blank>RFC 4880:</A> "OpenPGP Message Format"=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.scramdisk.clara.net/pgpfaq.html" =
target=3D_blank>PGP=20
    DH vs. RSA FAQ</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.gnupg.org/" target=3D_blank>GnuPG - the =
GNU Privacy=20
    Guard</A>=20
    <LI>Key experiments: <A=20
    href=3D"http://senderek.de/security/key-experiments.html" =
target=3D_blank>How=20
    PGP Deals With Manipulated Keys</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://the.earth.li/~noodles/pathfind.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Experimental PGP key path finder</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://xdv.org/pgpdump/" target=3D_blank>PGPdump =
Interface</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://orlingrabbe.com/DSAflaw_OpenPGP.htm" =
target=3D_blank>The=20
    DSA Flaw in OpenPGP</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://keyserver.kjsl.com/~jharris/ka/" =
target=3D_blank>PGP=20
    Keyring Analysis</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://sites.inka.de/tesla/gpgrelay.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>GPGrelay</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://rhumba.pair.com/ben/perl/openpgp/"=20
    target=3D_blank>Crypt::OpenPGP</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.bluering.nl/pgp/" target=3D_blank>A =
security analysis=20
    of PGP</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/cks/" =
target=3D_blank>CKS</A>:=20
    CryptNET Key Server=20
    <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3156.txt"=20
    target=3D_blank>RFC 3156:</A> "MIME Security with OpenPGP"=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://keyserver.kjsl.com/~jharris/keyserver.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Public Key Servers</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.mccune.cc/PGP.htm" target=3D_blank>Tom =
McCune's page=20
    for PGP</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://rgerling.purespace.de/nai-brief.pdf" =
target=3D_blank>NAI=20
    Letter sent to PGP Customers on Feb, 26th (R.I.P. PGP)</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://openpksd.org/" target=3D_blank>OpenPKSD</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://sks.sourceforge.net/" target=3D_blank>SKS</A>: =
the=20
    synchronizing keyserver=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.winpt.org/opencdk.html" =
target=3D_blank>OpenCDK</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://pks.sourceforge.net/" target=3D_blank>PKS</A>: =
OpenPGP Key=20
    Server=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.earth.li/projectpurple/progs/onak.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>onak</A>: OpenPGP Key Server </LI></UL><A =
name=3DWWW>
  <H3>General World Wide Web Security:</H3></A>
  <UL>
    <LI>The <A =
href=3D"http://www.w3.org/Security/Faq/www-security-faq.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>World Wide Web Security FAQ</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.cs.princeton.edu/sip/java-faq.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Java Security FAQ</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.terisa.com/" target=3D_blank>Terisa =
Systems</A>=20
    <LI>IBM's <A =
href=3D"http://www.ibm.net.il/ibm_il/int-lab/sign/paper.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Surf'N'Sign</A>: Signing Documents on the Web=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.rstcorp.com/javasecurity/links.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Tha Java Security Hotlist</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://web.mit.edu/jon/www/www-pointers.htm" =
target=3D_blank>WWW=20
    Security Pointers</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://pantheon.yale.edu/~dff/java.html" =
target=3D_blank>Java=20
    Security Resources</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.cs.princeton.edu/sip/JavaFilter/" =
target=3D_blank>Java=20
    Filter</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://java.sun.com/sfaq/chronology.html" =
target=3D_blank>Java=20
    Security</A>: Chronology of security-related bugs (Sun) </LI></UL><A =
name=3DSSL>
  <H3>Secure Socket Layer (SSL) / Transport Layer Security =
(TLS):</H3></A>
  <UL>
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://home.netscape.com/newsref/std/ssl_2.0_certificate.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>SSL Protocol Version 2.0</A> (Draft)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://home.netscape.com/eng/ssl3/" =
target=3D_blank>SSL Protocol=20
    Version 3.0</A> (Draft)=20
    <LI>Netscape <A=20
    =
href=3D"http://home.netscape.com/products/security/technology/certificate=
s.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Certificate</A> <A=20
    href=3D"http://home.netscape.com/eng/security/certs.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Specifications</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.psy.uq.edu.au:8080/~ftp/Crypto/"=20
    target=3D_blank>SSLeay and SSLapps FAQ</A>=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://www.landfield.com/faqs/computer-security/ssl-talk-faq/"=20
    target=3D_blank>SSL-Talk FAQ</A>=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://www.ultranet.com/~fhirsch/Papers/cook/ssl_cook.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>SSLeay Certificate Cookbook</A> (F. J. Hirsch)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.columbia.edu/~ariel/ssleay/" =
target=3D_blank>SSLeay=20
    0.6.6 documentation</A> including libcrypto docs=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://www.ultranet.com/~fhirsch/Papers/wwwj/index.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Introducing SSL and Certificates using SSLeay</A> =
(F. J.=20
    Hirsch)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.liddicott.demon.co.uk/x509/" =
target=3D_blank>Setting=20
    up your own certification environment using SSLeay 0.8.1 and MSIE =
4.0</A>=20
    (Samuel Liddicott)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://slwww.epfl.ch/SIC/SL/CA/" target=3D_blank>Set =
up your own=20
    CA using free software</A> (Marint Ouwehand)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://mozilla-crypto.ssleay.org/" =
target=3D_blank>Mozilla Crypto=20
    Group</A>=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://www.drh-consultancy.demon.co.uk/pkcs12faq.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>OpenSSL PKCS#12 Program FAQ</A> (Stephen Henson)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.mikom.csir.co.za/SSLeay/" =
target=3D_blank>Enabling=20
    Network Security with SSLeay</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"https://www.fortify.net/sslcheck.html" =
target=3D_blank>Test the=20
    strength of your browser's crypto</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.openssl.org/" target=3D_blank>OpenSSL</A>: =
The Open=20
    Source toolkit for SSL/TLS=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://developer.netscape.com/docs/manuals/security/sslin/content=
s.htm"=20
    target=3D_blank>Introduction to SSL</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2246.txt"=20
    target=3D_blank>RFC 2246:</A> "The TLS Protocol Version 1.0"=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://bmrc.berkeley.edu/people/chaffee/ssleay/ssleay.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>BSAFE patches</A> for SSLeay=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.rtfm.com/puretls/" =
target=3D_blank>PureTLS</A> - free=20
    Java-only implementation of SSLv3 and TLSv1=20
    <LI>More SSL related applications from the <A=20
    href=3D"http://www.openssl.org/related/apps.html" =
target=3D_blank>OpenSSL web=20
    site</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.isaac.cs.berkeley.edu/pilot/"=20
    target=3D_blank>pilotSSLeay</A>: port of SSLeay-0.8.1 to the Pilot=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.rtfm.com/ssldump/" =
target=3D_blank>ssldump</A>:=20
    SSLv3/TLS network protocol analyzer=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.kix.or.jp/~fujino/openssl/" =
target=3D_blank>OpenSSL=20
    for Win32</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://eprint.iacr.org/2001/045/" target=3D_blank>A =
design=20
    weakness of SSL/TLS</A> (H. Krawczyk)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://freshmeat.net/projects/gnutls/" =
target=3D_blank>GNU TLS=20
    library</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.rtfm.com/openssl-examples/" =
target=3D_blank>OpenSSL=20
    Examples</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.rajeevnet.com/crypto/ca/ca-paper.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>OpenSSL based PKI</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://sslbar.metropipe.net/" =
target=3D_blank>SSLbar</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.whichssl.com/" target=3D_blank>Which =
SSL</A>: SSL=20
    Certificate Buyers Guide (Comodo Group)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.sslassistant.com/" target=3D_blank>SSL =
Certificate=20
    Assistant</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"https://www.europessl.com/sslguide.php/index.php"=20
    target=3D_blank>SSL Guide</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.sslshopper.com/" target=3D_blank>SSL =
Shopper</A>=20
  </LI></UL><A name=3DSMIME>
  <H3>MIME Security:</H3></A>
  <UL>
    <LI>Information on <A href=3D"http://www.imc.org/ietf-smime/"=20
    target=3D_blank>S/MIME</A> (IMC)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.imc.org/imc-sfl/" target=3D_blank>S/MIME =
Freeware=20
    Library (SFL)</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/smime-charter.html" =

    target=3D_blank>S/MIME Mail Security</A> (IETF)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.imc.org/smime-pgpmime.html" =
target=3D_blank>S/MIME and=20
    OpenPGP</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://csrc.nist.gov/pki/smime/" target=3D_blank>NIST =
S/MIME=20
    Activities</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.imc.org/ietf-smime/interop-matrix.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>S/MIME Interop Matrix</A>=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://email.about.com/cs/smimesoftware/gr/pm-s/mime.htm"=20
    target=3D_blank>PM-S/MIME</A>: S/MIME Plugin for Pegasus Mail =
</LI></UL><A=20
  name=3DDNSSEC>
  <H3>DNSSEC resources:</H3></A>
  <UL>
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.cairn.net/DNSSEC/" target=3D_blank>DNS =
Security=20
    (DNSSEC) in CAIRN</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.nlnetlabs.nl/dnssec/" =
target=3D_blank>NLnet Labs=20
    DNSSEC resources</A>=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/dnsext-charter.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>IETF: DNS Extensions (dnsext)</A> System =
Security</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.nic-se.se/dnssec/" target=3D_blank>NIC-SE: =
Reports on=20
    DNSSEC</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.isoc-se.a.se/dns-ws.html" =
target=3D_blank>Report from=20
    the Workshop on DNSSEC, Sweden</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/ids.by.wg/dnsext.html" =
target=3D_blank>DNSsec=20
    Internet Drafts</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://compsec101.antibozo.net/" =
target=3D_blank>DNSSEC Related=20
    Links</A>=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://www.geocities.com/compsec101/papers/dnssec/index.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>DNSSEC Paper</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.toad.com/dnssec/software.html" =
target=3D_blank>DNSSEC=20
    - Software Integration</A>=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://www.centr.org/docs/2000/10/iis-dnssecws-report.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Report on IIS DNSSEC Workshop</A>=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://www.cs.ru.nl/research/reports/info/CSI-R0111.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Thesis on DNSSEC</A> (M. Gieben)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.dnssec.net/" =
target=3D_blank>DNSSEC.net</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.dnssec.seinit.org/" target=3D_blank>DNSSEC =
at=20
    University of Murcia</A> </LI></UL><A name=3DSET>
  <H3>Secure Electronic Transactions (SET):</H3></A>
  <UL>
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.setco.org/download.html" =
target=3D_blank>SET=20
    Specification</A> by MasterCard and Visa </LI></UL><A name=3DTOOLS>
  <H3>Implementations / (open source) Toolkits / Products / =
Vendors:</H3></A>
  <UL>
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.secude.com/" target=3D_blank>SECUDE</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/docs/PEMPGP.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>NCSA httpd</A> - Using PGP/PEM encryption=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.sourcery.demon.co.uk/rsaann.html" =
target=3D_blank>RSA=20
    Euro</A> - Cryptography for the World=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.esat.kuleuven.ac.be/cosic/sesame/"=20
    target=3D_blank>SESAME</A>: Cryptographic applications (<A=20
    href=3D"https://www.cosic.esat.kuleuven.ac.be/sesame/" =
target=3D_blank>secure=20
    site</A>)=20
    <LI>Information about <A =
href=3D"http://www.tis.com/docs/Research/moss.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>TIS/MOSS</A> (TIS)=20
    <LI>SSR: <A href=3D"http://www.medcom.se/ssr/" =
target=3D_blank>Secure Socket=20
    Relay</A>=20
    <LI>Frontier Technolgies: <A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.frontiertech.com/products/e-Lock/e-Lock_Home_Page.htm"=
=20
    target=3D_blank>e-Lock</A> (<A href=3D"http://www.e-lock.com/"=20
    target=3D_blank>alternative site</A>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~pgut001/cryptlib/"=20
    target=3D_blank>cryptlib</A>: freely available Encryption Toolkit =
(Peter=20
    Gutmann)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.apache-ssl.org/" =
target=3D_blank>Apache-SSL</A>:=20
    Secure Webserver (Ben Laurie)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.cryptsoft.com/" target=3D_blank>SSLeay</A> =

    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.engelschall.com/sw/mod_ssl/"=20
    target=3D_blank>mod_ssl</A>: Apache interface to SSLeay=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://jcewww.iaik.tu-graz.ac.at/" =
target=3D_blank>Java Security=20
    Toolkit</A> (TU Graz)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.dvnet.com/" target=3D_blank>Tools from =
Diversinet=20
    Corp.</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.mit.edu/pfl/" target=3D_blank>Jonah =
PKIX</A>: a=20
    freeware PKIX (see below) reference implementation (IBM)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.foobar.com/jonah/" target=3D_blank>Jonah =
PKIX</A>:=20
    same as above but internationally available! (<EM>note: site seems =
to be=20
    dead!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.phaos.com/products/jcak.htm" =
target=3D_blank>J/CA=20
    Certification Toolkit</A> (Phaos Corp.)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.entrust.com/products/index.htm"=20
    target=3D_blank>Entrust Technologies</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://oscar.dstc.qut.edu.au/" =
target=3D_blank>Oscar</A> - DSTC's=20
    Public Key Infrastructure Project=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.entegrity.com/" target=3D_blank>Entegrity =
Solutions=20
    Corp</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.structuredarts.com/" =
target=3D_blank>Structured Arts=20
    Computing Corp</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.openca.org/" target=3D_blank>OpenCA =
Labs</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.openxpki.org/" =
target=3D_blank>OpenXPKI</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.shym.com/" target=3D_blank>SHYM =
Technology</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pyca.de/" target=3D_blank>pyCA</A> - =
Software for=20
    running a certificate authority=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.wedgetail.com/jcsi/" =
target=3D_blank>JCSI</A> - DSTC's=20
    Java Crypto and Security Implementation=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.nexussafe.com/" target=3D_blank>Nexus</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.radicchio.org/" =
target=3D_blank>Radicchio</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://opensource.confusticate.com/sendmail-tls/"=20
    target=3D_blank>Sendmail-TLS</A>=20
    <LI>Alphaworks/IBM: <A =
href=3D"http://www.alphaworks.ibm.com/tech/keyman/"=20
    target=3D_blank>KeyMan</A> PKI client side management tool=20
    <LI>R&amp;L GmbH: <A =
href=3D"http://www.rl-pl.de/en/main_tech_safex.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>safeX</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://mars.post1.com/home/ngps/m2/" =
target=3D_blank>M2Crypto</A>=20
    Cryptography, SSL and S/MIMEv2 for Python=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://www.mozilla.org/projects/security/pki/src/download.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>NSS + PSM</A> Open Source PKI projects on Mozilla=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.safelayer.com/" target=3D_blank>Safelayer =
Secure=20
    Communications S. A.</A> (and their <A=20
    href=3D"http://www.trustedwebservices.org/" target=3D_blank>TrustedX =

    platform</A>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.conclusive.com/" =
target=3D_blank>Conclusive Logic,=20
    Inc.</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.ssh.com/products/x509/" =
target=3D_blank>SSH=20
    Certificate Toolkit</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.kyberpass.com/" target=3D_blank>Kyberpass=20
    Corporation</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.phaos.com/" target=3D_blank>PHAOS =
Technology</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.celocom.com/" target=3D_blank>Celo =
Communications</A>=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://www.fun.de/deutsch/service/download/certexplorer.htm"=20
    target=3D_blank>KeyTrust Certificate Explorer</A> (<EM>note: German=20
    language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.capslock.fi/" target=3D_blank>Capslock</A> =

    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.valimo.com/" target=3D_blank>Valimo =
Wireless Oy</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.cylink.com/" target=3D_blank>Cylink</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.awanim.com/" target=3D_blank>Awanim</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.cryptool.de/" =
target=3D_blank>CrypTool</A>:=20
    comprehensive open-source e-learning program for cryptography and=20
    cryptanalysis=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://idx-pki.idealx.org/" =
target=3D_blank>IDX-PKI</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.biodata.com/" target=3D_blank>Biodata =
Systems GmbH</A>=20

    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.certicom.com/" target=3D_blank>Certicom =
Corp.</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.valicert.com/" =
target=3D_blank>ValiCert</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.labcal.com/pkicomplete.php3"=20
    target=3D_blank>.pkicomplete</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://jcp.org/jsr/detail/055.jsp" =
target=3D_blank>Java=20
    Certification Path API</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.trustsuite.de/" =
target=3D_blank>trustsuite.de</A>=20
    (<EM>note: German language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.timeproof.de/" =
target=3D_blank>timeproof</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.esecurityinc.com/" =
target=3D_blank>e-Security,=20
    Inc.</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.hush.com/" target=3D_blank>Hush =
Communications</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.nss.co.uk/PKI/index.htm" =
target=3D_blank>PKI Group=20
    Test</A> (The NSS Group)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.db-order.de/" target=3D_blank>db-order</A> =
(<EM>note:=20
    German language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.wedgetail.com/upki/" =
target=3D_blank>upki</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4/" =
target=3D_blank>CertPath APIs</A>=20
    (as part of J2SE 1.4)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://homepage.mac.com/aramperez/berviewer.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>BERViewer</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.gnupg.org/aegypten/index.html" =
target=3D_blank>Project=20
    =C4gypten</A>: Free Software SPHINX Clients=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://ejbca.sourceforge.net/" =
target=3D_blank>EJBCA</A>: J2EE=20
    Certificate Authority=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.aeteurope.com/" target=3D_blank>AET Europe =
BV</A>=20
    (Advanced Encryption Technology)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.utimaco.com/" target=3D_blank>Utimaco =
Safeware</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.hypertrust.com/" =
target=3D_blank>HYPERTRUST</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.flexiprovider.de/" =
target=3D_blank>FlexiProvider</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.articsoft.com/" =
target=3D_blank>ArticSoft</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.secu-online.com/" =
target=3D_blank>SECUonline AG</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://gpkcs11.sourceforge.net/" =
target=3D_blank>gpkcs11</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.valicert.com/developers/" =
target=3D_blank>ValiCert=20
    ASN.1 Parser</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.cryptoex.com/" =
target=3D_blank>CryptoEx</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.tekki.se/" target=3D_blank>Tekki</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.ssh.com/tech/pki/" =
target=3D_blank>pki.ssh.com</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.com-and.com/" target=3D_blank>C&amp;A</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.ncipher.com/" target=3D_blank>nCipher</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.ksign.co.kr/english/about/about.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>KSIGN Co. Ltd.</A> (Korea)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.dreamsecurity.co.kr/" =
target=3D_blank>Dreamsecurity=20
    Co. Ltd.</A> (Korea)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.initech.com/english/index.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>INITECH Co. Ltd.</A> (Korea)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.finallysoftware.com/onenet/onepki.htm"=20
    target=3D_blank>OnePKI</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.geminisecurity.com/guidumpasn.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>GUIdumpASN</A>=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.tellustech.com/projects_&amp;_services/pki/pki_service=
s.asp"=20
    target=3D_blank>Tellus Technologies</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.cpktec.com/" target=3D_blank>CPKtec</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.bcqre.com/" target=3D_blank>BCQRE</A> =
(<EM>note:=20
    Korean language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.glueckkanja.com/" target=3D_blank>Gl=FCck =
&amp; Kanja=20
    Technology AG</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://devel.it.su.se/projects/CSP/" =
target=3D_blank>CSP:=20
    Certificate Service Provider</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.einhugur.com/Html/eCrypt/index.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>e-CryptIt Engine 7.0</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://users.skynet.be/ballet/joris/SimpleCA/"=20
    target=3D_blank>SimpleCA</A> (<A =
href=3D"http://www.vpnc.org/SimpleCA/"=20
    target=3D_blank>another site</A>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.evidian.com/" target=3D_blank>Evidian</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.newpki.org/" target=3D_blank>NewPKI</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.chrysalis-its.com/" =
target=3D_blank>Chrysalis-ITS</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.e-witness.ca/products_fortrus_pki.phtml"=20
    target=3D_blank>Fortrus WebPKI</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.guardeonic.com/" =
target=3D_blank>Guardeonic</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.evincible.com/" =
target=3D_blank>Evincible</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.gnu.org/directory/security/libgcrypt.html" =

    target=3D_blank>Libgcrypt</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.ascertia.com/" target=3D_blank>Ascertia =
Corp.</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.rainbow.com/cryptoswifthsm/index.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Rainbow CryptoSwift</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.aepsystems.com/products_sure_keyper.htm"=20
    target=3D_blank>AEP SureWare Keyper</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.digitalnet.com/knowledge/cml_home.htm"=20
    target=3D_blank>CML</A>: Certificate Management Library=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/dss/" =
target=3D_blank>Oasis=20
    Digital Signature Services</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.teraview.ca/ereg/ereg_security.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Teraview</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.digistamp.com/" =
target=3D_blank>DigiStamp</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.signature-perfect.com/uk/index_uk.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Signature Perfect KG</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.hohnstaedt.de/xca.html" =
target=3D_blank>XCA</A> (<A=20
    href=3D"http://xca.sourceforge.net/" target=3D_blank>XCA at =
soureforge</A>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.tarmin.com/" target=3D_blank>Tarmin =
Solutions Ltd.</A>=20

    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.post1.com/home/ngps/m2/" =
target=3D_blank>M2Crypto</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.itsolution.at/" target=3D_blank>IT =
Solution GmbH</A>=20
    Software for qualified signatures according to German and Austrian =
Signature=20
    Law (Note: German language!)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://senderek.de/pcp/" target=3D_blank>PCP</A>: =
Pure Crypto=20
    Project (R. Senderek)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.corestreet.com/" =
target=3D_blank>CoreStreet, Ltd.</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://pi3web.sourceforge.net/pi3ca" =
target=3D_blank>Pi3Web=20
    Certification Authority</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www3.ca.com/Solutions/Product.asp?ID=3D2623"=20
    target=3D_blank>eTrust PKI</A> (Computer Associates)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www3.ca.com/Solutions/Product.asp?ID=3D164"=20
    target=3D_blank>eTrust OSCPro</A> (Computer Associates)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.valimo.com/" target=3D_blank>Valimo =
Wireless Ltd.</A>=20
    <LI>Netscape <A=20
    =
href=3D"http://enterprise.netscape.com/products/identsvcs/certmgmt.html" =

    target=3D_blank>Certificate Server</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.raaktechnologies.com/" =
target=3D_blank>Raak=20
    Technologies</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.koaladev.com/safeway" =
target=3D_blank>Safeway</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.diginus.com/" target=3D_blank>Diginus =
Ltd.</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.yassl.com/" target=3D_blank>yaSSL</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.cryptovision.com/" target=3D_blank>cv =
cryptovision=20
    gmbh</A>=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://www.unizeto.pl/unizeto/uni,offer_pki_software.xml"=20
    target=3D_blank>PKI SOFTWARE HOUSE</A>: proCertum products=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://mozcert.mozdev.org/" =
target=3D_blank>mozcert</A>:=20
    Mozilla/Firefox enhancement=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.clarios.com/" target=3D_blank>Clarios =
Corp.</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.eracom-tech.com/" target=3D_blank>Eracom=20
    Technologies</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.eldos.com/" target=3D_blank>EldoS</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.xicrypt.com/" target=3D_blank>XiCrypt =
Technologies</A>=20

    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.intrusion-lab.net/roca/" =
target=3D_blank>roCA</A>:=20
    read-only CA=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.zertificon.com/" =
target=3D_blank>Zertificon Solutions=20
    GmbH</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://dv3.agileco.net/eTRUST/" =
target=3D_blank>AgileCO=20
    eTRUST</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://direct2gov.com/" =
target=3D_blank>Direct2GOV</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://pki.dif.um.es/index.html" =
target=3D_blank>UMU-PKIv6</A>=20
    (University of Murcia)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.wisekey.com/" target=3D_blank>WISeKey, =
SA</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.certiver.com/" =
target=3D_blank>CertiVeR</A>:=20
    Certificate Validation and Revocation service=20
    <LI><A href=3D"https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/4471"=20
    target=3D_blank>Key Manager</A> (Firefox Add-On)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/4522"=20
    target=3D_blank>XML Digital Signature Tool</A> (Firefox Add-On)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.xyzmo.com/" target=3D_blank>xyzmo</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://simpleauthority.com/" =
target=3D_blank>SimpleAuthority</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"https://tsod.trustweaver.com/" =
target=3D_blank>TrustWeaver On=20
    Demand Repository</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://web.cryptolog.com/" target=3D_blank>CRYPTOLOG =
S.A.S</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://gnomint.sourceforge.net/" =
target=3D_blank>gnoMint</A>:=20
    x509 CA management tool for GTK/Gnome environments </LI></UL><A =
name=3DDOC>
  <H3>Literature / Articles / Publications / RFCs:</H3></A>
  <UL>
    <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.bull.com/pub/OSIdirectory/" =
target=3D_blank>X.509=20
    specification</A> (including latest drafts on X.509v4)=20
    <LI>PKI-related activities at <A =
href=3D"http://csrc.ncsl.nist.gov/pki/"=20
    target=3D_blank>NIST</A> (also from <A=20
    href=3D"ftp://ftp.pca.dfn.de/pub/pca/docs/US-pki/" =
target=3D_blank>the DFN-PCA=20
    FTP-Server</A>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.alvestrand.no/speeches/nordunet95/"=20
    target=3D_blank>Secure E-mail</A> (Presentation given by Harald T. =
Alvestrand)=20

    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.semper.org/sirene/" target=3D_blank>Sirene =

    Publications</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://eco.eit.com/work/CEM/" =
target=3D_blank>Certified=20
    Electronic Mail</A> (CEM)=20
    <LI>W3: <A href=3D"http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/Payments/roadmap.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Electronic Payment Schemes</A> (Phillip =
Hallam-Baker)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~pgut001/links.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Security and Encryption Links</A> (Peter Gutmann)=20
    <LI>Excellent <A=20
    href=3D"http://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~pgut001/pubs/x509guide.txt"=20
    target=3D_blank>X.509 Style Guide</A> (Peter Gutmann)=20
    <LI>Center for Standards (DISA): <A =
href=3D"http://www-pki.itsi.disa.mil/"=20
    target=3D_blank>PKI Standardization Home Page</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.cs.princeton.edu/sip/Publications.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Publications on Java Security et al.</A> (SIP)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.xs4all.nl/~brands/" =
target=3D_blank>Rethinking PKI and=20
    digital certificates --- building in privacy</A> (Thesis of Stefan =
Brands)=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://world.std.com/~dtd/compliance/compliance.PDF">Compliance=20
    Defects in Public-Key Cryptography</A> (D. Davis)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.schneier.com/paper-pki.html" =
target=3D_blank>Ten Risks=20
    of PKI: What You're Not Being Told About Public Key =
Infrastructure</A> (B.=20
    Schneier, C. Ellison)=20
    <UL>
      <LI><A =
href=3D"http://homepage.mac.com/aramperez/responsetenrisks.html"=20
      target=3D_blank>...and a response to 10 Risks of PKI</A> (A. =
Perez)=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.apache-ssl.org/7.5things.txt" =
target=3D_blank>...and=20
      another response to 10 Risks of PKI</A> (B. Laurie) </LI></UL>
    <LI>The <A href=3D"http://ospkibook.sourceforge.net/" =
target=3D_blank>OpenSource=20
    PKI book</A>=20
    <LI>The <A =
href=3D"http://www.rsasecurity.com/rsalabs/node.asp?id=3D2124"=20
    target=3D_blank>Public-Key Cryptography Standards</A> (PKCS)=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://www.anu.edu.au/people/Roger.Clarke/II/PKIMisFit.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Conventional PKI: An Artefact Ill-Fitted to the =
Needs of the=20
    Information Society</A> (Roger Clark)=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/~pgut001/pubs/thesis.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Excerpts from "The Design and Verification of a =
Cryptographic=20
    Security Architecture"</A> (PhD thesis, Peter Gutmann)=20
    <LI>PKI Publications from <A=20
    href=3D"http://www.inf.ethz.ch/department/TI/um/research/pki/"=20
    target=3D_blank>ETH, Z=FCrich</A>=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://www.tml.hut.fi/~helger/crypto/link/public/braid/"=20
    target=3D_blank>Public Key Cryptography based on Braid Groups</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.cio.org/pki.htm" target=3D_blank>The Ten =
Minute CEO=20
    Briefing on PKI...</A> (<EM>note: site seems to be dead!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.smu.edu/jwinn/shocking-truth.htm" =
target=3D_blank>The=20
    Shocking Truth About Digital Signatures and Internet Commerce</A> =
(J. Winn)=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.infosecuritymag.com/articles/july01/features_pki.shtml=
"=20
    target=3D_blank>PKI Policy Pitfalls</A> (M. Bobbitt)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.oubliette.org.uk/CA/Certification.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>List of CA's</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.articsoft.com/wp_pki_intro.htm" =
target=3D_blank>An=20
    introduction to PKI</A> (and more PKI white papers)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.itpapers.com/cgi/SubcatIT.pl?scid=3D282"=20
    target=3D_blank>White Papers on PKI</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://mindprod.com/certificate.html" =
target=3D_blank>Digital=20
    Certificates</A> (Roedy Green)=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.ipa.go.jp/security/fy13/report/pki_interop/chalange200=
1.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Implementation Problems on PKI</A>=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.scmagazine.com/scmagazine/sc-online/2002/article/28/ar=
ticle.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>PKI Policy in the Business Environment</A> (J. Sabo, =
Y.=20
    Dzambasow)=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.nue.et-inf.uni-siegen.de/~geuer-pollmann/TALKS/2000/05=
/XML-Policies/all.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Vergleichbarkeit von PKI-Policies mittels XML</A> =
(<EM>note:=20
    German language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue5_8/mccullagh/index.html" =

    target=3D_blank>Non-Repudiation in the Digital Environment</A> (A. =
McCullagh,=20
    W. Caelli)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://elj.warwick.ac.uk/jilt/02-1/hindelang.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>The Liability Regime for Certification Authorities =
Towards=20
    Third Parties Outwith the EC Directive in England and Germany =
Compared</A>=20
    (S. Hindelang)=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://www.acsac.org/1998/abstracts/fri-a-1030-clifford.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Solar Trust Model</A> (M. Clifford)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.acsac.org/2002/abstracts/9.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Networking in The Solar Trust Model: Determining =
Optimal Trust=20
    Paths in a Decentralized Trust Network</A> (M. Clifford)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.sans.org/rr/papers/20/763.pdf" =
target=3D_blank>A=20
    vulnerability assessment of roaming soft certificate PKI =
solutions</A> (S.=20
    Wilson)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pvv.ntnu.no/~andrearn/certrev/" =
target=3D_blank>PKI=20
    Certificate Revocation</A> (Master thesis, A. Arnes)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.lockstep.com.au/library/pki/" =
target=3D_blank>Misc PKI=20
    publications</A> (Stephen Wilson, see also his <A=20
    href=3D"http://www.lockstep.com.au/library/babysteps/"=20
    target=3D_blank>"Babysteps"</A>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://email-security.net/papers/pki-pgp-ibe.htm"=20
    target=3D_blank>Comparison Of Secure Email Technologies X.509 / PKI, =
PGP, and=20
    IBE</A> (Ed Gerck)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.carillon.ca/library/howtos.php" =
target=3D_blank>PKI=20
    tutorials by Carillon.CA</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.signaturauskunft.de/uploads/media/QES.pdf" =

    target=3D_blank>Die qualifizierte Signatur - Vorteile und =
Fallbeispiele</A>=20
    :-) (<EM>note: German language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.proper.com/root-cert-problem/"=20
    target=3D_blank>Microsoft Windows Root Certificate Security =
Issues</A> (Paul=20
    Hoffman)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.win.tue.nl/hashclash/rogue-ca/" =
target=3D_blank>MD5=20
    considered harmful today - Creating a rogue CA certificate</A> =
(Alexander=20
    Sotirov et al) <IMG alt=3Dnew =
src=3D"http://www.pki-page.org/images/new3.gif">=20
    <P><STRONG>RFCs and internet drafts:</STRONG>=20
    <P></P>
    <LI>The <A href=3D"http://web.mit.edu/network/ietf/sa/" =
target=3D_blank>IETF=20
    Security Area</A> and related <A=20
    href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/wg-dir.html#Security_Area" =

    target=3D_blank>IETF working groups</A>=20
    <P>
    <UL><A name=3DIETFPKIX>
      <LI><STRONG>PKIX:</STRONG> <A=20
      href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/pkix-charter.html"=20
      target=3D_blank>Public Key Infrastructure (X.509)</A></A>=20
      <UL>
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2459.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 2459:</A> "Certificate and CRL Profile"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2510.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 2510:</A> "Certificate Management Protocols" =

        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2511.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 2511:</A> "Certificate Request Message =
Format"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2527.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 2527:</A> "Certificate Policy and =
Certification=20
        Practices Framework"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2528.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 2528:</A> "Representation of Key Exchange =
Algorithm=20
        (KEA) Keys in Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure =
Certificates"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2559.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 2559:</A> "Operational Protocols - LDAPv2"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2560.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 2560:</A> "Online Certificate Status =
Protocol - OCSP"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2585.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 2585:</A> "Operational Protocols - FTP and =
HTTP"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2587.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 2587:</A> "LDAPv2 Schema"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2797.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 2797:</A> "Certificate Management Messages =
over CMS"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2875.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 2875:</A> "Diffie-Hellman =
Proof-of-Possession=20
        Algorithms"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3029.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3029:</A> "Data Validation and Certification =
Server=20
        Protocols"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3039.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3039:</A> "Qualified Certificates Profile"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3161.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3161:</A> "Time-Stamp Protocol (TSP)"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3279.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3279:</A> "Algorithms and Identifiers for =
the PKIX=20
        Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3280.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3280:</A> "Certificate and CRL Profile"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3281.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3281:</A> "An Internet Attribute Certificate =
Profile=20
        for Authorization"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3379.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3379:</A> "Delegated Path Validation and =
Delegated=20
        Path Discovery Protocol Requirements"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3628.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3628:</A> "Policy Requirements for =
Time-Stamping=20
        Authorities (TSAs)"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3647.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3647:</A> "Certificate Policy and =
Certification=20
        Practices Framework"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3709.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3709:</A> "Logotypes in X.509 Certificates"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3739.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3739:</A> "Qualified Certificates Profile"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3770.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3770:</A> "Certificate Extensions and =
Attributes=20
        Supporting Authentication in Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) and =
Wireless=20
        Local Area Networks (WLAN)"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3779.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3779:</A> "X.509 Extensions for IP Addresses =
and AS=20
        Identifiers"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3820.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3820:</A> "Proxy Certificate Profile"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3874.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3874:</A> "A 224-bit One-way Hash Function: =
SHA-224"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4043.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4043:</A> "Permanent Identifier"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4055.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4055:</A> "Additional Algorithms and =
Identifiers for=20
        RSA Cryptography for use in the Internet X.509 Public Key =
Infrastructure=20
        Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4158.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4158:</A> "Certification Path Building"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4210.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4210:</A> "Certificate Management Protocol =
(CMP)"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4211.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4211:</A> "Certificate Request Message =
Format (CRMF)"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4212.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4212:</A> "Alternative Certificate Formats =
for the=20
        Public-Key Infrastructure Using X.509 (PKIX) Certificate =
Management=20
        Protocols"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4325.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4325:</A> "Authority Information Access =
Certificate=20
        Revocation List (CRL) Extension"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4386.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4386:</A> "Repository Locator Service"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4387.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4387:</A> "Operational Protocols: =
Certificate Store=20
        Access via HTTP"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4476.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4476:</A> "Attribute Certificate (AC) =
Policies=20
        Extension"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4491.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4491:</A> "Using the GOST 28147-89, GOST R =
34.11-94,=20
        GOST R 34.10-94, and GOST R 34.10-2001 Algorithms with PKIX"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4630.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4630:</A> "Update to DirectoryString =
Processing in the=20
        PKIX Certificate and Certificate Revocation List (CRL) Profile"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4683.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4683:</A> "Subject Identification Method =
(SIM)"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4985.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4985:</A> "Subject Alternative Name for =
Expression of=20
        Service Name"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc5019.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 5019:</A> "The Lightweight Online =
Certificate Status=20
        Protocol (OCSP) Profile for High-Volume Environments"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc5055.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 5055:</A> "Server-Based Certificate =
Validation=20
        Protocol (SCVP)"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc5272.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 5272:</A> "Certificate Management over CMS =
(CMC)"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc5273.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 5273:</A> "Certificate Management over CMS =
(CMC):=20
        Transport Protocols"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc5274.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 5274:</A> "Certificate Management Messages =
over CMS=20
        (CMC): Compliance Requirements"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc5276.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 5276:</A> "Using the Server-Based =
Certificate=20
        Validation Protocol (SCVP) to Convey Long-Term Evidence Records" =

        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc5280.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 5280:</A> "Certificate and Certificate =
Revocation List=20
        (CRL) Profile" </LI></UL>
      <P><A name=3DIETFSMIME></P>
      <LI><STRONG>S/MIME:</STRONG> <A=20
      href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/smime-charter.html"=20
      target=3D_blank>S/MIME Mail Security</A></A>=20
      <UL>
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2311.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 2311:</A> "S/MIME Version 2 Message =
Specification"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2312.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 2312:</A> "S/MIME Version 2 Certificate =
Handling"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2630.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 2630:</A> "Cryptographic Message Syntax"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2631.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 2631:</A> "Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement =
Method"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2632.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 2632:</A> "S/MIME Version 3 Certificate =
Handling"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2633.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 2633:</A> "S/MIME Version 3 Message =
Specification"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2634.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 2634:</A> "Enhanced Security Services for =
S/MIME"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2785.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 2785:</A> "Methods for Avoiding the =
'Small-Subgroup'=20
        Attacks on the Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement Method for S/MIME"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2876.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 2876:</A> "Use of the KEA and SKIPJACK =
Algorithms in=20
        CMS"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2984.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 2984:</A> "Use of the CAST-128 Encryption =
Algorithm in=20
        CMS"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3058.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3058:</A> "Use of the IDEA Encryption =
Algorithm in=20
        CMS"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3125.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3125:</A> "Electronic Signature Policies"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3126.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3126:</A> "Electronic Signature Formats for =
long term=20
        electronic signatures"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3183.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3183:</A> "Domain Security Services using =
S/MIME"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3185.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3185:</A> "Reuse of CMS Content Encryption =
Keys"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3211.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3211:</A> "Password-based Encryption for =
CMS"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3217.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3217:</A> "Triple-DES and RC2 Key Wrapping " =

        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3218.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3218:</A> "Preventing the Million Message =
Attack on=20
        Cryptographic Message Syntax"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3274.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3274:</A> "Compressed Data Content Type for =
CMS"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3278.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3278:</A> "Use of Elliptic Curve =
Cryptography (ECC)=20
        Algorithms in CMS"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3369.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3369:</A> "Cryptographic Message =
(CMS)Syntax"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3370.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3370:</A> "Cryptographic Message Syntax =
(CMS)=20
        Algorithms"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3394.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3394:</A> "Advanced Encryption Standard =
(AES) Key Wrap=20
        Algorithm"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3537.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3537:</A> "Wrapping a Hashed Message =
Authentication=20
        Code (HMAC) key ..."=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3560.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3560:</A> "Use of the RSAES-OAEP Key =
Transport=20
        Algorithm in CMS"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3565.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3565:</A> "Use of the Advanced Encryption =
Standard=20
        (AES) Encryption Algorithm in CMS"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3657.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3657:</A> "Use of the Camellia Encryption =
Algorithm in=20
        Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3850.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3850:</A> "S/MIME Version 3.1 Certificate =
Handling"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3851.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3851:</A> "S/MIME Version 3.1 Certificate =
Message=20
        Specification"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3852.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3852:</A> "Cryptographic Message Syntax =
(CMS)"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3854.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3854:</A> "Securing X.400 Content with =
S/MIME"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3855.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3855:</A> "Transporting S/MIME Objects in =
X.400"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4010.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4010:</A> "Use of the SEED Encryption =
Algorithm in=20
        Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4056.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4056:</A> "Use of the RSASSA-PSS Signature =
Algorithm=20
        in Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4134.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4134:</A> "Examples of S/MIME Messages"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4262.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4262:</A> "X.509 Certificate Extension for=20
        Secure/Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (S/MIME) =
Capabilities"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4490.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4490:</A> "Using the GOST 28147-89, GOST R =
34.11-94,=20
        GOST R 34.10-94, and GOST R 34.10-2001 Algorithms with =
Cryptographic=20
        Message Syntax (CMS)"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4853.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4853:</A> "Cryptographic Message Syntax =
(CMS) Multiple=20
        Signer Clarification"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc5035.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 5035:</A> "Enhanced Security Services (ESS) =
Update:=20
        Adding CertID Algorithm Agility"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc5083.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 5083:</A> "Cryptographic Message Syntax =
(CMS)=20
        Authenticated-Enveloped-Data Content Type"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc5084.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 5084:</A> "Using AES-CCM and AES-GCM =
Authenticated=20
        Encryption in the Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc5126.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 5126:</A> "CMS Advanced Electronic =
Signatures (CAdES)"=20

        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc5275.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 5275:</A> "CMS Symmetric Key Management and=20
        Distribution" </LI></UL>
      <P><A name=3DIETFTLS></P>
      <LI><STRONG>TLS:</STRONG> <A=20
      href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/tls-charter.html"=20
      target=3D_blank>Transport Layer Security</A></A>=20
      <UL>
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2246.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 2246:</A> "The TLS Protocol Version 1.0"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2712.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 2712:</A> "Addition of Kerberos Cipher =
Suites to TLS"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2817.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 2817:</A> "Upgrading to TLS Within HTTP/1.1" =

        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2818.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 2818:</A> "HTTP Over TLS"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2830.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 2830:</A> "LDAP v3: Extension for Transport =
Layer=20
        Security"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3268.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3268:</A> "Advanced Encryption Standard =
(AES)=20
        Ciphersuites for Transport Layer Security (TLS)"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3546.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3546:</A> "Transport Layer Security (TLS) =
Extensions"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3749.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 3749:</A> "Transport Layer Security Protocol =

        Compression Methods"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4132.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4132:</A> "Addition of Camellia Cipher =
Suites to=20
        Transport Layer Security (TLS)"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4261.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4261:</A> "Common Open Policy Service (COPS) =
Over=20
        Transport Layer Security (TLS)"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4279.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4279:</A> "Pre-Shared Key Ciphersuites for =
Transport=20
        Layer Security (TLS)"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4346.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4346:</A> "The Transport Layer Security =
(TLS) Protocol=20
        Version 1.1"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4366.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4366:</A> "Transport Layer Security (TLS) =
Extensions"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4492.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4492:</A> "Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) =
Cipher=20
        Suites for Transport Layer Security (TLS)"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4507.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4507:</A> "Transport Layer Security (TLS) =
Session=20
        Resumption without Server-Side State"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4642.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4642:</A> "Using Transport Layer Security =
(TLS) with=20
        Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4680.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4680:</A> "TLS Handshake Message for =
Supplemental=20
        Data"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4681.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4681:</A> "TLS User Mapping Extension"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4785.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 4785:</A> "Pre-Shared Key (PSK) Ciphersuites =
with NULL=20
        Encryption for TLS"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc5054.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 5054:</A> "Using the Secure Remote Password =
(SRP)=20
        Protocol for TLS Authentication"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc5077.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 5077:</A> "Transport Layer Security (TLS) =
Session=20
        Resumption without Server-Side State"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc5081.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 5081:</A> "Using OpenPGP Keys for Transport =
Layer=20
        Security (TLS) Authentication"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc5246.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 5246:</A> "The Transport Layer Security =
(TLS) Protocol=20
        Version 1.2"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc5281.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 5281:</A> "Extensible Authentication =
Protocol Tunneled=20
        Transport Layer Security Authenticated Protocol Version 0 =
(EAP-TTLSv0)"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc5288.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 5288:</A> "AES Galois Counter Mode (GCM) =
Cipher Suites=20
        for TLS"=20
        <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc5289.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>RFC 5289:</A> "TLS Elliptic Curve Cipher Suites =
with=20
        SHA-256/384 and AES Galois Counter Mode (GCM)" </LI></UL>
      <P></P>
      <LI>SPKI: <A =
href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/spki-charter.html"=20
      target=3D_blank>Simple Public Key Infrastructure</A> (<EM>Note: WG =
has=20
      concluded</EM>)=20
      <LI>OpenPGP: <A=20
      href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/openpgp-charter.html"=20
      target=3D_blank>An Open Specification for Pretty Good Privacy</A>=20
      <LI><A href=3D"http://www.w3.org/Signature/" =
target=3D_blank>IETF/W3C XML=20
      Signature WG</A>=20
      <LI>IPSEC: <A =
href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/ipsec-charter.html"=20
      target=3D_blank>IP Security Protocol</A>=20
      <LI>IPSRA: <A =
href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/ipsra-charter.html"=20
      target=3D_blank>IP Security Remote Access</A>=20
      <P></P>
      <LI>The venerable PEM specification:=20
      <UL>
        <LI>RFC 1421 --- <A =
href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc1421.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>Privacy Enhancement for Internet Electronic =
Mail: Part I:=20
        Message Encryption and Authentication Procedures</A>=20
        <LI>RFC 1422 --- <A =
href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc1422.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>Privacy Enhancement for Internet Electronic =
Mail: Part II:=20
        Certificate-Based Key Management</A>=20
        <LI>RFC 1423 --- <A =
href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc1423.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>Privacy Enhancement for Internet Electronic =
Mail: Part=20
        III: Algorithms, Modes, and Identifiers</A>=20
        <LI>RFC 1424 --- <A =
href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc1424.txt"=20
        target=3D_blank>Privacy Enhancement for Internet Electronic =
Mail: Part IV:=20
        Key Certification and Related Services</A> </LI></UL>
      <P></P>
      <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc1847.txt"=20
      target=3D_blank>RFC 1847:</A> "Security Multiparts for MIME"=20
      <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc1848.txt"=20
      target=3D_blank>RFC 1848:</A> "MIME Object Security Services =
(MOSS)"=20
      <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2015.txt"=20
      target=3D_blank>RFC 2015:</A> "MIME Security with Pretty Good =
Privacy (PGP)"=20

      <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc2480.txt"=20
      target=3D_blank>RFC 2480:</A> "Gateways and MIME Security =
Multiparts"=20
      <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3156.txt"=20
      target=3D_blank>RFC 3156:</A> "MIME Security with OpenPGP"=20
      <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc3174.txt"=20
      target=3D_blank>RFC 3174:</A> "US Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA1)"=20
      <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4523.txt"=20
      target=3D_blank>RFC 4523:</A> "Lightweight Directory Access =
Protocol (LDAP)=20
      Schema Definitions for X.509 Certificates"=20
      <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc4945.txt"=20
      target=3D_blank>RFC 4945:</A> "The Internet IP Security PKI =
Profile of=20
      IKEv1/ISAKMP, IKEv2, and PKIX"=20
      <LI><A href=3D"ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/rfc5008.txt"=20
      target=3D_blank>RFC 5008:</A> "Suite B in Secure/Multipurpose =
Internet Mail=20
      Extensions (S/MIME)" (NSA) </LI></UL></LI></UL>
  <P><A name=3DMISC>
  <H3>Miscellaneous PKI and Security stuff:</H3></A>
  <UL>
    <LI>TERENA's Security Working Group: <A=20
    href=3D"http://www.terena.nl/working-groups/wg-sec/" =
target=3D_blank>WG-SEC</A>=20
    <LI>UKERNA Technology Group <A =
href=3D"http://tech.ukerna.ac.uk/pgp/secemail/"=20
    target=3D_blank>Secure Email Project</A> Homepage=20
    <LI>About the <A href=3D"http://www.surety.com/howdoes.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Digital Notary Service</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.fokus.gmd.de/ovma/mmmsec/" =
target=3D_blank>MMMSec</A>:=20
    Security in Multimedia - Mail=20
    <LI>Internet Law &amp; Policy Forum (ILPF): <A=20
    href=3D"http://www.ilpf.org/work/ca.htm" target=3D_blank>CA Working =
Group</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pobox.com/~cme/html/spki.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>SPKI</A>: Simple Public Key Infrastrucure (Carl =
Ellison)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.ecom.or.jp/ecom_e/" =
target=3D_blank>Electronic=20
    Commerce Promotion Council</A> (Japan)=20
    <LI>INFOSEC page from DGXIII of the <A =
href=3D"http://www.cordis.lu/infosec/"=20
    target=3D_blank>European Commission</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://novaware.cps.softex.br/mcg/"=20
    target=3D_blank>Meta-Certificate Group</A>=20
    <LI>University of Colorado <A=20
    href=3D"http://www.cu.edu/~security/pki/ph2/Cpsdrft2.htm"=20
    target=3D_blank>Certification Practices Statement (DRAFT)</A>=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/Research/Security/Trust-Register/"=20
    target=3D_blank>The Global Trust Register</A> (University of =
Cambridge)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://internetcouncil.nacha.org/CARAT/"=20
    target=3D_blank>Certificate Authority Interoperability Pilot</A> =
(Internet=20
    Council)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.fortify.net/" target=3D_blank>Fortify for=20
    Netscape!</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.eema.org/ECAF.html" =
target=3D_blank>European=20
    Certification Authority Forum (ECAF)</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.tbg.com/public/doc.asp?docid=3D68" =
target=3D_blank>"PKI=20
    Architecture"</A> - Network Strategy Report by The Burton Group=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://www.opengroup.org/public/tech/security/pki/index.htm"=20
    target=3D_blank>PKI Task Group</A> (Open Group)=20
    <LI>Netscape <A=20
    =
href=3D"http://developer.netscape.com/docs/manuals/signedobj/overview.htm=
l"=20
    target=3D_blank>Object Signing Resources</A>=20
    <LI>The <A =
href=3D"http://www.mobilephones-tng.com/v100/pkidawn.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>"Thin PKI" concept</A>=20
    <LI>The <A href=3D"http://www.pkiforum.org/" target=3D_blank>PKI =
Forum</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.iseto.ch/" target=3D_blank>ISETO</A>: The=20
    International Secure Electronic Transactions Organisation=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.itu.int/osg/sec/spu/ni/esca/index.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>ESCA</A>: Electronic Signatures and Certification =
Authorities=20
    (ITU)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.ac.upc.es/ESTIO/" =
target=3D_blank>e-STIO</A>:=20
    Electronic Signature Testsuite for Inter-Operability=20
    <LI>Baker &amp; McKenzie: <A=20
    href=3D"http://www.bmck.com/ecommerce/whatsnew-etransactions.htm"=20
    target=3D_blank>Certification Authorities</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.chambersign.co.uk/" =
target=3D_blank>ChamberSign</A>=20
    initiative by the British Chambers of Commerce=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.eema.org/pki-challenge/" =
target=3D_blank>The PKI=20
    Challenge</A> (EEMA)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.educause.edu/hepki/" =
target=3D_blank>HEPKI</A>: Higher=20
    Education PKI=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.terena.nl/projects/pki/"=20
    target=3D_blank>PKI-COORD</A>: PKI Coordination for Europe=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.verisign.com/developer/xml/index.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>XKMS</A>: XML Key Management Services (<A=20
    href=3D"http://www.w3.org/2001/XKMS/" target=3D_blank>XKMS at =
w3.org</A>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.itsecurity.com/" target=3D_blank>TECS</A>: =
The=20
    Encyclopedia of Computer Security=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.aicpa.org/webtrust/caexec~1.htm"=20
    target=3D_blank>WebTrust Program for Certification Authorities</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.certificationauthorities.com/"=20
    target=3D_blank>CertificationAuthorities.com</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.globalplatform.org/"=20
    target=3D_blank>globalplatform.org</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.siegesoft.com/_html/organizations.asp"=20
    target=3D_blank>SiegeSoft.com</A> (Internet Privacy and Security)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.darmstadt.gmd.de/mailtrust/" =
target=3D_blank>Project=20
    MailTrusT</A> (<EM>note: German language!</EM>)=20
    <LI>Network and Information Security: <A=20
    =
href=3D"http://europa.eu.int/information_society/eeurope/news_library/new=
_documents/index_en.htm"=20
    target=3D_blank>Proposal for a European Policy</A>=20
    <LI>ABA's <A href=3D"http://www.abanet.org/scitech/ec/isc/" =
target=3D_blank>PKI=20
    Assessment Guidelines</A> (Draft)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki-symposium.de/" target=3D_blank>PKI =
Symposium=20
    2003</A> (<EM>note: German language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.cs.dartmouth.edu/~pkilab/" =
target=3D_blank>Dartmouth=20
    PKI Lab</A>=20
    <UL>
      <LI><A href=3D"http://middleware.internet2.edu/pki04/"=20
      target=3D_blank>3<SUP>rd</SUP> Annual PKI Research Workshop</A> =
</LI></UL>
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pkioverheid.nl/" target=3D_blank>De =
Taskforce PKI=20
    Overheid</A> (<EM>note: Dutch language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ecdc/" =
target=3D_blank>Electronic=20
    Commerce for Developing Countries</A> (ITU)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.openvalidation.org/"=20
    target=3D_blank>OpenValidation.org</A> (<A=20
    href=3D"http://www.openvalidation.org/useocspservicenew.htm"=20
    target=3D_blank>OCSP test responder</A>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.vpnc.org/" target=3D_blank>VPNC</A>: VPN =
Consortium=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://www.novamedia.fr/conferences/conferences/confpkc.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>PKC 2002</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.tscheme.org/" target=3D_blank>tScheme =
Ltd</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://middleware.internet2.edu/pkilabs/"=20
    target=3D_blank>Internet2 PKI Labs</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.tunitas.com/pages/PKI/pki.htm"=20
    target=3D_blank>Healthcare PKI</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.vpnlabs.org/" =
target=3D_blank>vpnlabs.org</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://vpnlabs.com/" target=3D_blank>vpnlabs.com</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/security/"=20
    target=3D_blank>SSTC</A>: XML-Based Security Services Technical =
Committee=20
    (OASIS)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.xmltrustcenter.org/"=20
    target=3D_blank>xmltrustcenter.org</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pkilaw.com/" =
target=3D_blank>pkilaw.com</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.siglab.de/" target=3D_blank>SigLab</A> =
(<EM>note:=20
    German language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://europa.eu.int/ISPO/ida/jsps/index.jsp?fuseAction=3DshowDoc=
ument&amp;parent=3Dnews&amp;documentID=3D581"=20
    target=3D_blank>A bridge CA for Europe's public administrations</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.rediris.es/app/tfaace/quest.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>Questionnaire on Public Key Infrastructure =
applications and=20
    requirements for the European Academic Networks</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://csrc.nist.gov/pki/testing/x509paths.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>X.509 path validation test suite</A> (NIST)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.isg.rhul.ac.uk/research/projects/pkiclub/" =

    target=3D_blank>PKI Club</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.freeicp.org/" target=3D_blank>FreeICP =
Project</A>=20
    <LI><A =
href=3D"http://europa.eu.int/ISPO/ida/export/files/staticdocs/99.html"=20
    target=3D_blank>PKICUG</A> (PKI for Closed User Groups)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.jnsa.org/mpki/" target=3D_blank>Challenge =
PKI=20
    Project</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.japanpkiforum.jp/E/index.htm" =
target=3D_blank>PKI=20
    Interoperability Project</A> (Japan PKI Forum)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://pki.com.cn/" target=3D_blank>Chinese PKI =
Forum</A>=20
    (<EM>note: Chinese language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.asia-pkiforum.org/" target=3D_blank>Asia =
PKI Forum</A>=20

    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.pki.org.mx/" target=3D_blank>Foro PKI de =
Mexico</A>=20
    (<EM>note: Spanish language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.handel.no/pkiforum/" =
target=3D_blank>Norwegian PKI=20
    Forum</A> (<EM>note: Norwegian language!</EM>)=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.spesproject.org/" target=3D_blank>SPES =
project</A>:=20
    Setting the Processes for electronic signatures in European cities=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.ecrypt.eu.org/" target=3D_blank>ECRYPT =
project</A>:=20
    European Network of Excellence for Cryptology=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.globaltrustpoint.com/" target=3D_blank>Z1 =
Global=20
    TrustPoint</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.authenticationworld.com/"=20
    target=3D_blank>AuthenticationWorld</A>=20
    <LI><A href=3D"http://www.cabforum.org/" target=3D_blank>CA/Browser =
Forum</A>=20
    </LI></UL></BLOCKQUOTE>
<HR>

<P>
<ADDRESS>This page is best viewed with eyes.=20
<P>=A9 2000-2010 by <A=20
href=3D"mailto:pki_dash_page_at_pki_dash_page_dot_info">Stefan Kelm</A> =
/ <A=20
href=3D"http://www.pki-page.info/">http://www.pki-page.info/</A>=20
</P></ADDRESS></H3></BODY></HTML>

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