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Ascorbic acidDrying timeUltrasonic[EN] Atmospheric freeze drying (AFD) yields products of a similar quality to the conventional vacuum
freeze-drying technique, but reduces the operating cost. However, it involves very low drying rates.
The sample surface/mass ratio is one of the process variables that can be taken into account to
reduce drying time. Moreover, power ultrasound (US) can also be used to intensify this process
because of its effects on external and internal mass transfer resistance. However, both factors may
affect not only the drying time but also the final product quality. Therefore, the aim of this study
was to address the influence of both ultrasound application and the sample surface/mass ratio
on the drying process and the antioxidant potential of atmospheric freeze-dried apple. For that
purpose, two sample geometries with different surface/mass ratio were considered: slabs
(30 � 30 � 10 mm3) and cylinders (diameter: 9 mm and height: 30 mm). The samples were freeze
dried (􀀀 10°C) with ultrasound application (21.7 kHz) at different power levels (0, 10.3, 20.5, and
30.8 kW/m3). The total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity (AC), and ascorbic acid content
(AA) were measured in the dried apple. The drying time was significantly shorter for cylindrical
samples than for slabs, probably due to their higher surface/mass ratio. The application of US
increased the drying rate, this increase being greater for the slab than for the cylindrical particles
used in this study. In general, AFD reduced the TPC, AC, and AA, the final content being
significantly greater for slabs than for cylinders. This fact can also be related to the lower surface/
mass ratio in the case of slabs. US application further reduced TPC, AC, and AA content, probably
due to some cellular damage produced by the acoustic waves and to the oxygen transfer
improvement. Nevertheless, the bigger particles (slabs) dried with ultrasound needed a 10% of
drying time than the smaller ones (cylinders) dried without ultrasound. Moreover both kind of
samples presented similar antioxidant potential.Reserva de todos los derechosAbiertohttp://hdl.handle.net/10251/107380Taylor & Francisapplication/pdf C. Brines Antonio Mulet Pons C. Rosselló Juan Andrés Carcel CarriónDrying TechnologyInglés
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