ABSTRACT

	Environmental degradation has become an important issue to be faced by the science and technology. The topics discussed in this paper, aims to join, with the introduction of ionic liquids in various processes, concern for the environment and the constant concerns of progress.
	That is why throughout this thesis we have developed new catalytic systems based on ionic liquids, which are then applied to chemical processes of interest:

	    
- It has been studied the Beckmann rearrangement of oximes to obtain cyclic monomers which subsequently will form nylon fibers, employing ionic liquids as catalysts and reaction media and studding by nuclear magnetic resonance techniques the mechanism that takes place in this process.

- On the other hand has been prepared and fully characterized a hybrid organic-inorganic-metal material, through partial exchange of protons of polyoxometalates with cationic unit of an ionic liquid and Pd2+. This material generates nanoparticles which acts as heterogeneous catalyst and allows conducting the Heck coupling reaction of C-C.

-  Finally new organocatalysts have been developed with characteristics of ionic liquid, which also have acid-base bifunctional activity and are able to emulate the activity of certain enzyme systems. These catalysts have been applied in reactions of C-C bonds formation as Knoevenagel, Claisen-Schmidt, Michael Adition and Henry.