The need to promote renewable energy development is part of strategy and community policy which should take into account issues related to the environment, growth, competitiveness and employment, competition, technological development and demonstration, as well as in the field agricultural policy and rural development. This is the reason why, in recent decades, began to take an important role at these energies as an energy alternative against traditional sources, highlighting the need for finding new tools and techniques that can respond to important concepts such as the energy planning. As a result, was begun a integration process of renewable energy through different global policies (Kyoto Protocol), being also necessary to perform regional energy initiatives.

In this context, the use of biomass for energy offers many advantages over conventional energy sources, as well as in relation to other renewable energy sources, in particular, relatively low costs, less dependence on weather changes short term, the promotion of regional economic structures and the creation of alternative sources of income. Among the main benefits would emphasize reducing dependence on fossil fuels, reducing emissions of greenhouse gases and stimulate economic activity in rural areas (Commission of the European Communities 2005).

In this work different methodologies and strategies to promote the development of the use of biomass from agricultural and forestry residues, including the diverse and numerous elements involved in the use of biomass as an energy source: type resources, logistics for collection and distribution, environmental and social restrictions, transportation, storage, costs, pre-treatments, potential demand, etc.

In this sense, the study is focus on to know the economic, social and environmental viability, by means of the development and implementation of logistics strategies that allow the identification and quantification of biomass produced in a territory. In addition, the optimal location of a biomass plant and transfer facilities, using a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment from three different perspectives are presented. In the first case, a comprehensive methodology to optimize the energy use of biomass resources framed in a national project ("BIODER”) has been developed and presented. The second methodological application uses multicriteria techniques in GIS environments, with the purpose of identifying areas suitable for the installation of such plants in an area of study. Subsequently, after obtaining the results, a sensitivity analysis of variables to test the robustness of the proposed model and the uncertainty of each input factor by using standard methods has been carried out. Finally, application of certain location models based on linear programming implemented in a GIS, optimize that location, while describing the logistics strategy and the biomass global costs.