ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is threefold, and it aims to provide an understanding of one important output from organizational innovation: process innovations. First, the study addresses an emerging growth: the importance of non R&D innovators (non R&D performers who innovate). Second, it explores and sheds light on the process innovation phenomenon which, in recent years, has received less attention by the Academia that has focused more on the product innovation phenomenon. Third, it seeks to provide insight to determine the extent to which process innovation activities are interdependent of organization innovation. This study attempts to obtain a cross-fertilization synthesis of the inducements of process innovation and its outcomes using different economic disciplines to complement the organizational innovation perspective. The study is based on Spanish CIS data (EUROSTAT data set, Contract on the use of Community Innovation Survey (CIS) microdata for research purposes, CIS/2001/01 Contract number, Dr. Jose-Luis Hervas-Oliver, Louxembourg, 16-03-2011) and includes specially the firms that recorded having introduced any type of innovative output into manufacturing and service industries. Overall, the results stress the fact that the process innovation activity in low- and medium-tech contexts is mainly explained by non R&D efforts, with dependencies on the external provision of inputs, i.e., external knowledge sources, that size is important, and the combination of process innovation is interdependent to organization innovation. This study presents important implications for policymakers, and particularly addresses the selectivity problems in the sample that are usually observed in most studies conducted on the innovation process (from a survey of de 32.553 firms).