Abstract

Cherimoya trees are planted in Chile in climatic zones that are substantially different than those present in its center of origin (Bidekerkel et al., 1999), which leads to difficulties in production management. One of the difficulties is the large size reached by the trees and, therefore, the dynamics of orchard management. In order to obtain commercial returns, techniques have been implemented such as hand pollination and mineral nutrition, conditioning the orchard design and training methods, thus controlling the size and shape of trees (Lauri and Lespinasse, 2000). 

Implementing a new production model, based on the use of high density plantings, could positively improve physiological and production parameters.  
 
With the aim to establish pruning methods, the types of wood existing in the plant were defined. For each type, the potential productivity – quantified at the production of flowers and new shoots – was characterized. A high-density cultivation system for cherimoya is proposed, using the 4x1 Slender-Spindle training method, modified into a tunnel. This system improves the canopy micro-environment and the quantum yield (or photosynthetic efficiency) with higher ‘photoprotection’. In turn, the distribution of photoassimilates among different organs of the tree, the viability of flowers, and the effective pollination period (EPP) were improved. Flower EPP in trees trained in Slender-Spindle 4x1 was extended to two days, compared to conventional training systems (Open Vase 6x4). The flowering cycle was modified, altering the dichogamy pattern, with the male stage initiating a few hours after the beginning of the anthesis, in comparison with the traditional training Open Vase 6x4 system. The new training and pruning system had a positive influence on fruit development and orchard productivity.