Basically, the necessity to introduce the theories based on knowledge in order to explain the Academy-enterprise relationships (AER) and the impact generated by this knowledge, begins with the theoretical reflections of Acs, et al., (1991: 363) regarding the incapacity of the economic studies to recognize which ways and mechanisms of transmission of knowledge exist between the academic investigation and companies, taking into account the variables used.

In these sense, Breschi & Lissoni (2001) indicate that the set of these economic studies based on a geographical approach allow to confirm the importance of the investigation carry out by universities in the regional innovating results of the companies. However, these authors pointed that these approaches face serious conceptual and theoretical limitations to determine which are the more efficient “ways and mechanisms” of transmission of knowledge between the Academic Sector and the Enterprise Sector, because of the basic theoretical points using in these approaches to discuss the problematic are still far from the operation and the direct work with knowledge concept.

Knowing these “ways and mechanisms” it would be possible to define, with relative precision, policies of promotion to the regional innovation based on the support to the activities and relations that have more impact in the generation and transmission of knowledge in the AER. Additionally, it also could be known what type of barriers, including technical, legal, organizational or any other type of barrier, obstruct the optimal performance of these “ways and mechanisms”, in a determined case of AER.

From the enterprise perspective, this problem had a previous approach with the theory of resources and capacities from Penrose, opening with it the black box of processes inside the companies and regions around the creation of value and the accumulation of wealth.

In spite of that, there is not a stable theoretical basis to extrapolate this analysis to the context of AER. In this sense, the present investigation builds a system of analysis based on the established approach of knowledge management and organization that conciliates the geographical approach of Jaffe, with the tacit, explicit and incorporated notion of the knowledge. These approaches make possible from the theoretical, conceptual and empirical perspective use the knowledge as a resource and analyze the processes that increase it, in a geographic point of the globe. To evaluate this theoretical system, this document introduces an empirical study which reviews the ways and mechanisms of knowledge management adopted by 21 Institutions of Technological Superior Education in Mexico analyzing its impact on the business sector.