
Installing PHP
     _________________________________________________________________

   Table of Contents
   1. General Installation Considerations
   2. Installation on Windows systems

        Windows Installer
        Manual Installation Steps
        ActiveScript
        Microsoft IIS / PWS
        Apache 1.3.x on Microsft Windows
        Apache 2.0.x on Microsoft Windows
        Sun, iPlanet and Netscape servers on Microsoft Windows
        OmniHTTPd Server
        Sambar Server on Microsoft Windows
        Xitami on Microsoft Windows
        Installation of extensions on Windows

   3. Problems?

        Read the FAQ
        Other problems
        Bug reports

   4. Runtime Configuration

        The configuration file
        How to change configuration settings
     _________________________________________________________________

Chapter 1. General Installation Considerations

   Before starting the installation, first you need to know what do you
   want to use PHP for. There are three main fields you can use PHP, as
   described in the What can PHP do? section:

     * Server-side scripting
     * Command line scripting
     * Client-side GUI applications

   For the first and most common form, you need three things: PHP itself,
   a web server and a web browser. You probably already have a web
   browser, and depending on your operating system setup, you may also
   have a web server (e.g. Apache on Linux and MacOS X; IIS on Windows).
   You may also rent webspace at a company. This way, you don't need to
   set up anything on your own, only write your PHP scripts, upload it to
   the server you rent, and see the results in your browser.

   While setting up the server and PHP on your own, you have two choices
   for the method of connecting PHP to the server. For many servers PHP
   has a direct module interface (also called SAPI). These servers
   include Apache, Microsoft Internet Information Server, Netscape and
   iPlanet servers. Many other servers have support for ISAPI, the
   Microsoft module interface (OmniHTTPd for example). If PHP has no
   module support for your web server, you can always use it as a CGI or
   FastCGI processor. This means you set up your server to use the CGI
   executable of PHP to process all PHP file requests on the server.

   If you are also interested to use PHP for command line scripting (e.g.
   write scripts autogenerating some images for you offline, or
   processing text files depending on some arguments you pass to them),
   you always need the command line executable. For more information,
   read the section about writing command line PHP applications. In this
   case, you need no server and no browser.

   With PHP you can also write desktop GUI applications using the PHP-GTK
   extension. This is a completely different approach than writing web
   pages, as you do not output any HTML, but manage windows and objects
   within them. For more information about PHP-GTK, please visit the site
   dedicated to this extension. PHP-GTK is not included in the official
   PHP distribution.

   From now on, this section deals with setting up PHP for web servers on
   Unix and Windows with server module interfaces and CGI executables.
   You will also find information on the command line executable in the
   following sections.

   PHP source code and binary distributions for Windows can be found at
   http://www.php.net/downloads.php. We recommend you to choose a mirror
   nearest to you for downloading the distributions.
     _________________________________________________________________

Chapter 2. Installation on Windows systems

   This section applies to Windows 98/Me and Windows NT/2000/XP/2003. PHP
   will not work on 16 bit platforms such as Windows 3.1 and sometimes we
   refer to the supported Windows platforms as Win32. Windows 95 is no
   longer supported as of PHP 4.3.0.

   There are two main ways to install PHP for Windows: either manually or
   by using the installer.

   If you have Microsoft Visual Studio, you can also build PHP from the
   original source code.

   Once you have PHP installed on your Windows system, you may also want
   to load various extensions for added functionality.

   Warning

   There are several all-in-one installers over the Internet, but none of
   those are endorsed by PHP.net, as we believe that the manual
   installation is the best choice to have your system secure and
   optimised.
     _________________________________________________________________

Windows Installer

   The Windows PHP installer is available from the downloads page at
   http://www.php.net/downloads.php. This installs the CGI version of PHP
   and for IIS, PWS, and Xitami, it configures the web server as well.
   The installer does not include any extra external PHP extensions
   (php_*.dll) as you'll only find those in the Windows Zip Package and
   PECL downloads.

     Note: While the Windows installer is an easy way to make PHP work,
     it is restricted in many aspects as, for example, the automatic
     setup of extensions is not supported. Use of the installer isn't
     the preferred method for installing PHP.

   First, install your selected HTTP (web) server on your system, and
   make sure that it works.

   Run the executable installer and follow the instructions provided by
   the installation wizard. Two types of installation are supported -
   standard, which provides sensible defaults for all the settings it
   can, and advanced, which asks questions as it goes along.

   The installation wizard gathers enough information to set up the
   php.ini file, and configure certain web servers to use PHP. With IIS
   or PWS on a NT Workstation, a list of all the nodes on the server with
   script map settings is displayed, and you can choose those nodes to
   which you wish to add the PHP script mappings. One of the web servers
   the PHP installer does not configure for is Apache, so you'll need to
   configure it manually.

   Once the installation has completed, the installer will inform you if
   you need to restart your system, restart the server, or just start
   using PHP.

   Warning

   Be aware, that this setup of PHP is not secure. If you would like to
   have a secure PHP setup, you'd better go on the manual way, and set
   every option carefully. This automatically working setup gives you an
   instantly working PHP installation, but it is not meant to be used on
   online servers.
     _________________________________________________________________

Manual Installation Steps

   This install guide will help you manually install and configure PHP
   with a web server on Microsoft Windows. To get started you'll need to
   download the zip binary distribution from the downloads page at
   http://www.php.net/downloads.php.

   Although there are many all-in-one installation kits, and we also
   distribute a PHP installer for Microsoft Windows, we recommend you
   take the time to setup PHP yourself as this will provide you with a
   better understanding of the system, and enables you to install PHP
   extensions easily when needed.

     Upgrading from a previous PHP version: Previous editions of the
     manual suggest moving various ini and DLL files into your SYSTEM
     (i.e. C:\WINDOWS) folder and while this simplifies the installation
     procedure it makes upgrading difficult. We advise you remove all of
     these files (like php.ini and PHP related DLLs from the Windows
     SYSTEM folder) before moving on with a new PHP installation. Be
     sure to backup these files as you might break the entire system.
     The old php.ini might be useful in setting up the new PHP as well.
     And as you'll soon learn, the preferred method for installing PHP
     is to keep all PHP related files in one directory and have this
     directory available to your systems PATH.

     MDAC requirements: If you use Microsoft Windows 98/NT4 download the
     latest version of the Microsoft Data Access Components (MDAC) for
     your platform. MDAC is available at
     http://msdn.microsoft.com/data/. This requirement exists because
     ODBC is built into the distributed Windows binaries.

   The following steps should be completed on all installations before
   any server specific instructions are performed:

   Extract the distribution file into a directory of your choice. If you
   are installing PHP 4, extract to C:\, as the zip file expands to a
   foldername like php-4.3.7-Win32. If you are installing PHP 5, extract
   to C:\php as the zip file doesn't expand as in PHP 4. You may choose a
   different location but do not have spaces in the path (like C:\Program
   Files\PHP) as some web servers will crash if you do.

   The directory structure extracted from the zip is different for PHP
   versions 4 and 5 and look like as follows:

   Example 2-1. PHP 4 package structure
c:\php
   |
   +--cli
   |  |
   |  |-php.exe           -- CLI executable - ONLY for commandline scripting
   |
   +--dlls                -- support DLLs required by some extensions
   |  |
   |  |-expat.dll
   |  |
   |  |-fdftk.dll
   |  |
   |  |-...
   |
   +--extensions          -- extension DLLs for PHP
   |  |
   |  |-php_bz2.dll
   |  |
   |  |-php_cpdf.dll
   |  |
   |  |-..
   |
   +--mibs                -- support files for SNMP
   |
   +--openssl             -- support files for Openssl
   |
   +--pdf-related         -- support files for PDF
   |
   +--sapi                -- SAPI (server module support) DLLs
   |  |
   |  |-php4activescript.dll
   |  |
   |  |-php4apache.dll
   |  |
   |  |-php4apache2.dll
   |  |
   |  |-..
   |
   +--PEAR                -- initial copy of PEAR
   |
   |
   |-go-pear.bat          -- PEAR setup script
   |
   |-..
   |
   |-php.exe              -- CGI executable
   |
   |-..
   |
   |-php.ini-dist         -- default php.ini settings
   |
   |-php.ini-recommended  -- recommended php.ini settings
   |
   |-php4ts.dll           -- core PHP DLL
   |
   |-...

   Or:

   Example 2-2. PHP 5 package structure
c:\php
   |
   +--dev
   |  |
   |  |-php5ts.lib
   |
   +--ext                 -- extension DLLs for PHP
   |  |
   |  |-php_bz2.dll
   |  |
   |  |-php_cpdf.dll
   |  |
   |  |-..
   |
   +--extras
   |  |
   |  +--mibs             -- support files for SNMP
   |  |
   |  +--openssl          -- support files for Openssl
   |  |
   |  +--pdf-related      -- support files for PDF
   |  |
   |  |-mime.magic
   |
   +--pear                -- initial copy of PEAR
   |
   |
   |-go-pear.bat          -- PEAR setup script
   |
   |-fdftk.dll
   |
   |-..
   |
   |-php-cgi.exe          -- CGI executable
   |
   |-php-win.exe          -- executes scripts without an opened command prompt
   |
   |-php.exe              -- CLI executable - ONLY for command line scripting
   |
   |-..
   |
   |-php.ini-dist         -- default php.ini settings
   |
   |-php.ini-recommended  -- recommended php.ini settings
   |
   |-php5activescript.dll
   |
   |-php5apache.dll
   |
   |-php5apache2.dll
   |
   |-..
   |
   |-php5ts.dll           -- core PHP DLL
   |
   |-...

   Notice the differences and similarities. Both PHP 4 and PHP 5 have a
   CGI executable, a CLI executable, and server modules, but they are
   located in different folders and/or have different names. While PHP 4
   packages have the server modules in the sapi folder, PHP 5
   distributions have no such directory and instead they're in the PHP
   folder root. The supporting DLLs for the PHP 5 extensions are also not
   in a seperate directory.

     Note: In PHP 4, you should move all files located in the dll and
     sapi folders to the main folder (e.g. C:\php).

   Here is a list of server modules shipped with PHP 4 and PHP 5:

     * sapi/php4activescript.dll (php5activescript.dll) - ActiveScript
       engine, allowing you to embed PHP in your Windows applications.
     * sapi/php4apache.dll (php5apache.dll) - Apache 1.3.x module.
     * sapi/php4apache2.dll (php5apache2.dll) - Apache 2.0.x module.
     * sapi/php4isapi.dll (php5isapi.dll) - ISAPI Module for ISAPI
       compliant web servers like IIS 4.0/PWS 4.0 or newer.
     * sapi/php4nsapi.dll (php5nsapi.dll) - Sun/iPlanet/Netscape server
       module.
     * sapi/php4pi3web.dll (no equivalent in PHP 5) - Pi3Web server
       module.

   Server modules provide significantly better performance and additional
   functionality compared to the CGI binary. The CLI version is designed
   to let you use PHP for command line scripting. More information about
   CLI is available in the chapter about using PHP from the command line.

   Warning

   The SAPI modules have been significantly improved as of the 4.1
   release, however, in older systems you may encounter server errors or
   other server modules failing, such as ASP.

   The CGI and CLI binaries, and the web server modules all require the
   php4ts.dll (php5ts.dll) file to be available to them. You have to make
   sure that this file can be found by your PHP installation. The search
   order for this DLL is as follows:

     * The same directory from where php.exe is called, or in case you
       use a SAPI module, the web server's directory (e.g. C:\Program
       Files\Apache Group\Apache2\bin).
     * Any directory in your Windows PATH environment variable.

   To make php4ts.dll / php5ts.dll available you have three options: copy
   the file to the Windows system directory, copy the file to the web
   server's directory, or add your PHP directory, C:\php to the PATH. For
   better maintenance, we advise you to follow the last option, add
   C:\php to the PATH, because it will be simpler to upgrade PHP in the
   future. Read more about how to add your PHP directory to PATH in the
   corresponding FAQ entry.

   The next step is to set up a valid configuration file for PHP,
   php.ini. There are two ini files distributed in the zip file,
   php.ini-dist and php.ini-recommended. We advise you to use
   php.ini-recommended, because we optimized the default settings in this
   file for performance, and security. Read this well documented file
   carefully because it has changes from php.ini-dist that will
   drastically affect your setup. Some examples are display_errors being
   off and magic_quotes_gpc being off. In addition to reading these,
   study the ini settings and set every element manually yourself. If you
   would like to achieve the best security, then this is the way for you,
   although PHP works fine with these default ini files. Copy your chosen
   ini-file to a directory that PHP is able to find and rename it to
   php.ini. PHP searches for php.ini in the following locations (in
   order):

     * PHPIniDir directive (Apache 2 module only)
     * HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\PHP\IniFilePath
     * The PHPRC environment variable
     * Directory of PHP (for CLI), or the web server's directory (for
       SAPI modules)
     * Windows directory (C:\windows or C:\winnt)

   If you are running Apache 2, the simpler option is to use the
   PHPIniDir directive (read the installation on Apache 2 page),
   otherwise your best option is to set the PHPRC environment variable.
   This process is explained in the following FAQ entry.

     Note: If you're using NTFS on Windows NT, 2000, XP or 2003, make
     sure that the user running the web server has read permissions to
     your php.ini (e.g. make it readable by Everyone).

   The following steps are optional:

     * Edit your new php.ini file. If you plan to use OmniHTTPd, do not
       follow the next step. Set the doc_root to point to your web
       servers document_root. For example:

doc_root = c:\inetpub       // for IIS/PWS

doc_root = c:\apache\htdocs // for Apache

     * Choose the extensions you would like to load when PHP starts. See
       the section about Windows extensions, about how to set up one, and
       what is already built in. Note that on a new installation it is
       advisable to first get PHP working and tested without any
       extensions before enabling them in php.ini.
     * On PWS and IIS, you can set the browscap configuration setting to
       point to: c:\windows\system\inetsrv\browscap.ini on Windows 9x/Me,
       c:\winnt\system32\inetsrv\browscap.ini on NT/2000, and
       c:\windows\system32\inetsrv\browscap.ini on XP. For an up-to-date
       browscap.ini, read the following FAQ.

   PHP is now setup on your system. The next step is to choose a web
   server, and enable it to run PHP. Choose a webserver from the table of
   contents.
     _________________________________________________________________

ActiveScript

   This section contains notes specific to the ActiveScript installation.

   ActiveScript is a windows only SAPI that enables you to use PHP script
   in any ActiveScript compliant host, like Windows Script Host,
   ASP/ASP.NET, Windows Script Components or Microsoft Scriptlet control.

   As of PHP 5.0.1, ActiveScript has been moved to the PECL repository.
   You may download this PECL extensions DLL from the PHP Downloads page
   or at http://snaps.php.net/.

     Note: You should read the manual installation steps first!

   After installing PHP, you should download the ActiveScript DLL
   (php5activescript.dll) and place it in the main PHP folder (e.g.
   C:\php).

   After having all the files needed, you must register the DLL on your
   system. To achieve this, open a Command Prompt window (located in the
   Start Menu). Then go to your PHP directory by typing something like cd
   C:\php. To register the DLL just type regsvr32 php5activescript.dll.

   To test if ActiveScript is working, create a new file, named test.wsf
   (the extension is very important) and type:
<job id="test">

 <script language="PHPScript">
  $WScript->Echo("Hello World!");
 </script>

</job>

   Save and double-click on the file. If you receive a little window
   saying "Hello World!" you're done.

     Note: ActiveScript doesn't use the default php.ini file. Instead,
     it will look only in the same directory as the .exe that caused it
     to load. You should create php-activescript.ini and place it in
     that folder, if you wish to load extensions, etc.
     _________________________________________________________________

Microsoft IIS / PWS

   This section contains notes and hints specific to IIS (Microsoft
   Internet Information Server). We have included installation
   instructions for PWS/IIS 3, PWS 4 or newer and IIS 4 or newer
   versions.

     Important for CGI users: Read the faq on cgi.force_redirect for
     important details. This directive needs to be set to 0.

   Warning

   By using the CGI setup, your server is open to several possible
   attacks. Please read our CGI security section to learn how to defend
   yourself from those attacks.
     _________________________________________________________________

Windows and PWS/IIS 3

   The recommended method for configuring these servers is to use the REG
   file included with the distribution (pws-php4cgi.reg in the SAPI
   folder for PHP 4, or pws-php5cgi.reg in the main folder for PHP 5).
   You may want to edit this file and make sure the extensions and PHP
   install directories match your configuration. Or you can follow the
   steps below to do it manually.

   Warning

   These steps involve working directly with the Windows registry. One
   error here can leave your system in an unstable state. We highly
   recommend that you back up your registry first. The PHP Development
   team will not be held responsible if you damage your registry.

     * Run Regedit.
     * Navigate to: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE /System /CurrentControlSet
       /Services /W3Svc /Parameters /ScriptMap.
     * On the edit menu select: New->String Value.
     * Type in the extension you wish to use for your php scripts. For
       example .php
     * Double click on the new string value and enter the path to php.exe
       in the value data field. ex: C:\php\php.exe for PHP 4, or
       C:\php\php-cgi.exe for PHP 5.
     * Repeat these steps for each extension you wish to associate with
       PHP scripts.

   The following steps do not affect the web server installation and only
   apply if you want your PHP scripts to be executed when they are run
   from the command line (ex. run C:\myscripts\test.php) or by double
   clicking on them in a directory viewer window. You may wish to skip
   these steps as you might prefer the PHP files to load into a text
   editor when you double click on them.

     * Navigate to: HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT
     * On the edit menu select: New->Key.
     * Name the key to the extension you setup in the previous section.
       ex: .php
     * Highlight the new key and in the right side pane, double click the
       "default value" and enter phpfile.
     * Repeat the last step for each extension you set up in the previous
       section.
     * Now create another New->Key under HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT and name it
       phpfile.
     * Highlight the new key phpfile and in the right side pane, double
       click the "default value" and enter PHP Script.
     * Right click on the phpfile key and select New->Key, name it Shell.
     * Right click on the Shell key and select New->Key, name it open.
     * Right click on the open key and select New->Key, name it command.
     * Highlight the new key command and in the right side pane, double
       click the "default value" and enter the path to php.exe. ex:
       c:\php\php.exe -q %1. (don't forget the %1).
     * Exit Regedit.
     * If using PWS on Windows, reboot to reload the registry.

   PWS and IIS 3 users now have a fully operational system. IIS 3 users
   can use a nifty tool from Steven Genusa to configure their script
   maps.
     _________________________________________________________________

Windows and PWS 4 or newer

   When installing PHP on Windows with PWS 4 or newer version, you have
   two options. One to set up the PHP CGI binary, the other is to use the
   ISAPI module DLL.

   If you choose the CGI binary, do the following:

     * Edit the enclosed pws-php4cgi.reg / pws-php5cgi.reg file (look
       into the SAPI folder for PHP 4, or in the main folder for PHP 5)
       to reflect the location of your php.exe / php-cgi.exe. Backslashes
       should be escaped, for example:
       [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\w3svc\parame
       ters\Script Map] ".php"="C:\\php\\php.exe" (change to
       C:\\php\\php-cgi.exe if you are using PHP 5) Now merge this
       registery file into your system; you may do this by
       double-clicking it.
     * In the PWS Manager, right click on a given directory you want to
       add PHP support to, and select Properties. Check the 'Execute'
       checkbox, and confirm.

   If you choose the ISAPI module, do the following:

     * Edit the enclosed pws-php4isapi.reg / pws-php5isapi.reg file (look
       into the SAPI folder for PHP 4, or in the main folder for PHP 5)
       to reflect the location of your php4isapi.dll / php5isapi.dll.
       Backslashes should be escaped, for example:
       [HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\w3svc\parame
       ters\Script Map] ".php"="C:\\php\\sapi\\php4isapi.dll" (or
       C:\\php\\php5isapi.dll for PHP 5) Now merge this registery file
       into your system; you may do this by double-clicking it.
     * In the PWS Manager, right click on a given directory you want to
       add PHP support to, and select Properties. Check the 'Execute'
       checkbox, and confirm.
     _________________________________________________________________

Windows NT/2000/XP and IIS 4 or newer

   To install PHP on an NT/2000/XP Server running IIS 4 or newer, follow
   these instructions. You have two options to set up PHP, using the CGI
   binary (php.exe in PHP 4, or php-cgi.exe in PHP 5) or with the ISAPI
   module.

   In either case, you need to start the Microsoft Management Console
   (may appear as 'Internet Services Manager', either in your Windows NT
   4.0 Option Pack branch or the Control Panel=>Administrative Tools
   under Windows 2000/XP). Then right click on your Web server node (this
   will most probably appear as 'Default Web Server'), and select
   'Properties'.

   If you want to use the CGI binary, do the following:

     * Under 'Home Directory', 'Virtual Directory', or 'Directory', click
       on the 'Configuration' button, and then enter the App Mappings
       tab.
     * Click Add, and in the Executable box, type: C:\php\php.exe for PHP
       4 or C:\php\php-cgi.exe for PHP 5 (assuming that you have unziped
       PHP in c:\php\).
     * In the Extension box, type the file name extension you want
       associated with PHP scripts. Leave 'Method exclusions' blank, and
       check the 'Script engine' checkbox. You may also like to check the
       'check that file exists' box - for a small performance penalty,
       IIS (or PWS) will check that the script file exists and sort out
       authentication before firing up PHP. This means that you will get
       sensible 404 style error messages instead of CGI errors
       complaining that PHP did not output any data.
       You must start over from the previous step for each extension you
       want associated with PHP scripts. .php and .phtml are common,
       although .php3 may be required for legacy applications.
     * Set up the appropriate security. (This is done in Internet Service
       Manager), and if your NT Server uses NTFS file system, add execute
       rights for I_USR_ to the directory that contains php.exe /
       php-cgi.exe.

   To use the ISAPI module, do the following:

     * If you don't want to perform HTTP Authentication using PHP, you
       can (and should) skip this step. Under ISAPI Filters, add a new
       ISAPI filter. Use PHP as the filter name, and supply a path to the
       php4isapi.dll / php5isapi.dll.
     * Under 'Home Directory', click on the 'Configuration' button. Add a
       new entry to the Application Mappings. Use the path to the
       php4isapi.dll / php5isapi.dll as the Executable, supply .php as
       the extension, leave 'Method exclusions' blank, and check the
       'Script engine' checkbox.
     * Stop IIS completely (NET STOP iisadmin)
     * Start IIS again (NET START w3svc)
     _________________________________________________________________

Apache 1.3.x on Microsft Windows

   This section contains notes and hints specific to Apache 1.3.x
   installs of PHP on Microsoft Windows systems. We also have
   instructions and notes for Apache 2 on a separate page.

     Note: You should read the manual installation steps first!

   There are two ways to set up PHP to work with Apache 1.3.x on Windows.
   One is to use the CGI binary (php.exe for PHP 4 and php-cgi.exe for
   PHP 5), the other is to use the Apache module DLL. In either case you
   need to edit your httpd.conf to configure Apache to work with PHP, and
   then restart the server.

   It is worth noting here that now the SAPI module has been made more
   stable under Windows, we recommend it's use above the CGI binary,
   since it is more transparent and secure.

   Although there can be a few variations of configuring PHP under
   Apache, these are simple enough to be used by the newcomer. Please
   consult the Apache Documentation for further configuration directives.

   After changing the configuration file, remember to restart the server,
   for example, NET STOP APACHE followed by NET START APACHE, if you run
   Apache as a Windows Service, or use your regular shortcuts.

     Note: Remember that when adding path values in the Apache
     configuration files on Windows, all backslashes such as
     c:\directory\file.ext must be converted to forward slashes, as
     c:/directory/file.ext.
     _________________________________________________________________

Installing as a CGI binary

   If you unziped the PHP package to C:\php\ as described in the Manual
   Installation Steps section, you need to insert these lines to your
   Apache configuration file to set up the CGI binary:

   Example 2-3. PHP and Apache 1.3.x as CGI
ScriptAlias /php/ "c:/php/"
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

# For PHP 4
Action application/x-httpd-php "/php/php.exe"

# For PHP 5
Action application/x-httpd-php "/php/php-cgi.exe"

# specify the directory where php.ini is
SetEnv PHPRC C:/php

   Note that the second line in the list above can be found in the actual
   versions of httpd.conf, but it is commented out. Remember also to
   substitute the c:/php/ for your actual path to PHP.

   Warning

   By using the CGI setup, your server is open to several possible
   attacks. Please read our CGI security section to learn how to defend
   yourself from those attacks.

   If you would like to present PHP source files syntax highlighted,
   there is no such convinient option as with the module version of PHP.
   If you chose to configure Apache to use PHP as a CGI binary, you will
   need to use the show_source() function. To do this simply create a PHP
   script file and add this code: <?php
   show_source("original_php_script.php"); ?>. Substitute
   original_php_script.php with the name of the file you wish to show the
   source of.
     _________________________________________________________________

Installing as an Apache module

   You should add the following lines to your Apache httpd.conf file:

   Example 2-4. PHP as an Apache 1.3.x module
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

# For PHP 4
LoadModule php4_module "c:/php/sapi/php4apache.dll"

# For PHP 5
LoadModule php5_module "c:/php/php5apache.dll"

# specify the directory where php.ini is
SetEnv PHPRC C:/php

   You may find after using the Windows installer for Apache that you
   need to define the AddModule directive for mod_php4.c. This is
   especially important if the ClearModuleList directive is defined,
   which you will find by scrolling down a few lines. You will see a list
   of AddModule entries, add the following line at the end of the list:
   AddModule mod_php4.c. For PHP 5, instead use AddModule mod_php5.c

   If you would like to use the source code highlighting feature, you
   need to add the following line to your httpd.conf: AddType
   application/x-httpd-php-source .phps. This should be inserted at the
   same place where you inserted AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
   above). With this setup, all files served with the .phps extension
   will be syntax highlighted for the browser.
     _________________________________________________________________

Apache 2.0.x on Microsoft Windows

   This section contains notes and hints specific to Apache 2.0.x
   installs of PHP on Microsoft Windows systems. We also have
   instructions and notes for Apache 1.3.x users on a separate page.

     Note: You should read the manual installation steps first!

   Warning

   Do not use Apache 2.0.x and PHP in a production environment neither on
   Unix nor on Windows. For information on why, read the following FAQ
   entry

   You are highly encouraged to take a look at the Apache Documentation
   to get a basic understanding of the Apache 2.0.x Server. Also consider
   to read the Windows specific notes for Apache 2.0.x before reading on
   here.

     PHP and Apache 2.0.x compatibility notes: The following versions of
     PHP are known to work with the most recent version of Apache 2.0.x:

     * PHP 4.3.0 or later available at http://www.php.net/downloads.php.
     * the latest stable development version. Get the source code
       http://snaps.php.net/php4-latest.tar.gz or download binaries for
       Windows http://snaps.php.net/win32/php4-win32-latest.zip.
     * a prerelease version downloadable from http://qa.php.net/.
     * you have always the option to obtain PHP through anonymous CVS.

     These versions of PHP are compatible to Apache 2.0.40 and later.

     Apache 2.0 SAPI-support started with PHP 4.2.0. PHP 4.2.3 works
     with Apache 2.0.39, don't use any other version of Apache with PHP
     4.2.3. However, the recommended setup is to use PHP 4.3.0 or later
     with the most recent version of Apache2.

     All mentioned versions of PHP will work still with Apache 1.3.x.

   Warning

   Apache 2.0.x is designed to run on Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000 or
   Windows XP. At this time, support for Windows 9x is incomplete. Apache
   2.0.x is not expected to work on those platforms at this time.

   Download the most recent version of Apache 2.0.x and a fitting PHP
   version. Follow the Manual Installation Steps and come back to go on
   with the integration of PHP and Apache.

   There are two ways to set up PHP to work with Apache 2.0.x on Windows.
   One is to use the CGI binary the other is to use the Apache module
   DLL. In either case you need to edit your httpd.conf to configure
   Apache to work with PHP and then restart the server.

     Note: Remember that when adding path values in the Apache
     configuration files on Windows, all backslashes such as
     c:\directory\file.ext must be converted to forward slashes, as
     c:/directory/file.ext.
     _________________________________________________________________

Installing as a CGI binary

   You need to insert these three lines to your Apache httpd.conf
   configuration file to set up the CGI binary:

   Example 2-5. PHP and Apache 2.0 as CGI
ScriptAlias /php/ "c:/php/"
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

# For PHP 4
Action application/x-httpd-php "/php/php.exe"

# For PHP 5
Action application/x-httpd-php "/php/php-cgi.exe"

   Warning

   By using the CGI setup, your server is open to several possible
   attacks. Please read our CGI security section to learn how to defend
   yourself from those attacks.
     _________________________________________________________________

Installing as an Apache module

   You need to insert these two lines to your Apache httpd.conf
   configuration file to set up the PHP module for Apache 2.0:

   Example 2-6. PHP and Apache 2.0 as Module
# For PHP 4 do something like this:
LoadModule php4_module "c:/php/sapi/php4apache2.dll"
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

# For PHP 5 do something like this:
LoadModule php5_module "c:/php/php5apache2.dll"
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php

# configure the path to php.ini
PHPIniDir "C:/php"

     Note: Remember to substitute the c:/php/ for your actual path to
     PHP in the above examples. Take care to use either php4apache2.dll
     or php5apache2.dll in your LoadModule directive and not
     php4apache.dll or php5apache.dll as the latter ones are designed to
     run with Apache 1.3.x.

   Warning

   Don't mix up your installation with DLL files from different PHP
   versions. You have the only choice to use the DLL's and extensions
   that ship with your downloaded PHP version.
     _________________________________________________________________

Sun, iPlanet and Netscape servers on Microsoft Windows

   This section contains notes and hints specific to Sun Java System Web
   Server, Sun ONE Web Server, iPlanet and Netscape server installs of
   PHP on Windows.

   From PHP 4.3.3 on you can use PHP scripts with the NSAPI module to
   generate custom directory listings and error pages. Additional
   functions for Apache compatibility are also available. For support in
   current webservers read the note about subrequests.
     _________________________________________________________________

CGI setup on Sun, iPlanet and Netscape servers

   To install PHP as a CGI handler, do the following:

     * Copy php4ts.dll to your systemroot (the directory where you
       installed Windows)
     * Make a file association from the command line. Type the following
       two lines:

assoc .php=PHPScript
ftype PHPScript=c:\php\php.exe %1 %*

     * In the Netscape Enterprise Administration Server create a dummy
       shellcgi directory and remove it just after (this step creates 5
       important lines in obj.conf and allow the web server to handle
       shellcgi scripts).
     * In the Netscape Enterprise Administration Server create a new mime
       type (Category: type, Content-Type: magnus-internal/shellcgi, File
       Suffix:php).
     * Do it for each web server instance you want PHP to run

   More details about setting up PHP as a CGI executable can be found
   here: http://benoit.noss.free.fr/php/install-php.html
     _________________________________________________________________

NSAPI setup on Sun, iPlanet and Netscape servers

   To install PHP with NSAPI, do the following:

     * Copy php4ts.dll to your systemroot (the directory where you
       installed Windows)
     * Make a file association from the command line. Type the following
       two lines:

assoc .php=PHPScript
ftype PHPScript=c:\php\php.exe %1 %*

     * In the Netscape Enterprise Administration Server create a new mime
       type (Category: type, Content-Type: magnus-internal/x-httpd-php,
       File Suffix: php).
     * Edit magnus.conf (for servers >= 6) or obj.conf (for servers < 6)
       and add the following: You should place the lines after mime types
       init.

Init fn="load-modules" funcs="php4_init,php4_execute,php4_auth_trans" shlib="c:
/php/sapi/php4nsapi.dll"
Init fn="php4_init" LateInit="yes" errorString="Failed to initialise PHP!" [php
_ini="c:/path/to/php.ini"]

       (PHP >= 4.3.3) The php_ini parameter is optional but with it you
       can place your php.ini in your webserver config directory.
     * Configure the default object in obj.conf (for virtual server
       classes [Sun Web Server 6.0+] in their vserver.obj.conf): In the
       <Object name="default"> section, place this line necessarily after
       all 'ObjectType' and before all 'AddLog' lines:

Service fn="php4_execute" type="magnus-internal/x-httpd-php" [inikey=value inik
ey=value ...]

       (PHP >= 4.3.3) As additional parameters you can add some special
       php.ini-values, for example you can set a
       docroot="/path/to/docroot" specific to the context php4_execute is
       called. For boolean ini-keys please use 0/1 as value, not
       "On","Off",... (this will not work correctly), e.g.
       zlib.output_compression=1 instead of zlib.output_compression="On"
     * This is only needed if you want to configure a directory that only
       consists of PHP scripts (same like a cgi-bin directory):

<Object name="x-httpd-php">
ObjectType fn="force-type" type="magnus-internal/x-httpd-php"
Service fn=php4_execute [inikey=value inikey=value ...]
</Object>

       After that you can configure a directory in the Administration
       server and assign it the style x-httpd-php. All files in it will
       get executed as PHP. This is nice to hide PHP usage by renaming
       files to .html.
     * Restart your web service and apply changes
     * Do it for each web server instance you want PHP to run

     Note: More details about setting up PHP as an NSAPI filter can be
     found here: http://benoit.noss.free.fr/php/install-php4.html

     Note: The stacksize that PHP uses depends on the configuration of
     the webserver. If you get crashes with very large PHP scripts, it
     is recommended to raise it with the Admin Server (in the section
     "MAGNUS EDITOR").
     _________________________________________________________________

CGI environment and recommended modifications in php.ini

   Important when writing PHP scripts is the fact that Sun JSWS/Sun ONE
   WS/iPlanet/Netscape is a multithreaded web server. Because of that all
   requests are running in the same process space (the space of the
   webserver itself) and this space has only one environment. If you want
   to get CGI variables like PATH_INFO, HTTP_HOST etc. it is not the
   correct way to try this in the old PHP 3.x way with getenv() or a
   similar way (register globals to environment, $_ENV). You would only
   get the environment of the running webserver without any valid CGI
   variables!

     Note: Why are there (invalid) CGI variables in the environment?

     Answer: This is because you started the webserver process from the
     admin server which runs the startup script of the webserver, you
     wanted to start, as a CGI script (a CGI script inside of the admin
     server!). This is why the environment of the started webserver has
     some CGI environment variables in it. You can test this by starting
     the webserver not from the administration server. Use the command
     line as root user and start it manually - you will see there are no
     CGI-like environment variables.

   Simply change your scripts to get CGI variables in the correct way for
   PHP 4.x by using the superglobal $_SERVER. If you have older scripts
   which use $HTTP_HOST, etc., you should turn on register_globals in
   php.ini and change the variable order too (important: remove "E" from
   it, because you do not need the environment here):
variables_order = "GPCS"
register_globals = On
     _________________________________________________________________

Special use for error pages or self-made directory listings (PHP >= 4.3.3)

   You can use PHP to generate the error pages for "404 Not Found" or
   similar. Add the following line to the object in obj.conf for every
   error page you want to overwrite:
Error fn="php4_execute" code=XXX script="/path/to/script.php" [inikey=value ini
key=value...]

   where XXX is the HTTP error code. Please delete any other Error
   directives which could interfere with yours. If you want to place a
   page for all errors that could exist, leave the code parameter out.
   Your script can get the HTTP status code with $_SERVER['ERROR_TYPE'].

   Another possibility is to generate self-made directory listings. Just
   create a PHP script which displays a directory listing and replace the
   corresponding default Service line for
   type="magnus-internal/directory" in obj.conf with the following:
Service fn="php4_execute" type="magnus-internal/directory" script="/path/to/scr
ipt.php" [inikey=value inikey=value...]

   For both error and directory listing pages the original URI and
   translated URI are in the variables $_SERVER['PATH_INFO'] and
   $_SERVER['PATH_TRANSLATED'].
     _________________________________________________________________

Note about nsapi_virtual() and subrequests (PHP >= 4.3.3)

   The NSAPI module now supports the nsapi_virtual() function (alias:
   virtual()) to make subrequests on the webserver and insert the result
   in the webpage. The problem is, that this function uses some
   undocumented features from the NSAPI library.

   Under Unix this is not a problem, because the module automatically
   looks for the needed functions and uses them if available. If not,
   nsapi_virtual() is disabled.

   Under Windows limitations in the DLL handling need the use of a
   automatic detection of the most recent ns-httpdXX.dll file. This is
   tested for servers till version 6.1. If a newer version of the Sun
   server is used, the detection fails and nsapi_virtual() is disabled.

   If this is the case, try the following: Add the following parameter to
   php4_init in magnus.conf/obj.conf:
   Init fn=php4_init ... server_lib="ns-httpdXX.dll"

   where XX is the correct DLL version number. To get it, look in the
   server-root for the correct DLL name. The DLL with the biggest
   filesize is the right one.

   You can check the status by using the phpinfo() function.

     Note: But be warned: Support for nsapi_virtual() is EXPERIMENTAL!!!
     _________________________________________________________________

OmniHTTPd Server

   This section contains notes and hints specific to OmniHTTPd on
   Windows.

     Note: You should read the manual installation steps first!

   Warning

   By using the CGI setup, your server is open to several possible
   attacks. Please read our CGI security section to learn how to defend
   yourself from those attacks.

   You need to complete the following steps to make PHP work with
   OmniHTTPd. This is a CGI executable setup. SAPI is supported by
   OmniHTTPd, but some tests have shown that it is not so stable to use
   PHP as an ISAPI module.

     Important for CGI users: Read the faq on cgi.force_redirect for
     important details. This directive needs to be set to 0.

    1. Install OmniHTTPd server.
    2. Right click on the blue OmniHTTPd icon in the system tray and
       select Properties
    3. Click on Web Server Global Settings
    4. On the 'External' tab, enter: virtual = .php | actual =
       c:\php\php.exe (use php-cgi.exe if installing PHP 5), and use the
       Add button.
    5. On the Mime tab, enter: virtual = wwwserver/stdcgi | actual =
       .php, and use the Add button.
    6. Click OK

   Repeat steps 2 - 6 for each extension you want to associate with PHP.

     Note: Some OmniHTTPd packages come with built in PHP support. You
     can choose at setup time to do a custom setup, and uncheck the PHP
     component. We recommend you to use the latest PHP binaries. Some
     OmniHTTPd servers come with PHP 4 beta distributions, so you should
     choose not to set up the built in support, but install your own. If
     the server is already on your machine, use the Replace button in
     Step 4 and 5 to set the new, correct information.
     _________________________________________________________________

Sambar Server on Microsoft Windows

   This section contains notes and hints specific to the Sambar Server
   for Windows.

     Note: You should read the manual installation steps first!

   This list describes how to set up the ISAPI module to work with the
   Sambar server on Windows.

     * Find the file called mappings.ini (in the config directory) in the
       Sambar install directory.
     * Open mappings.ini and add the following line under [ISAPI]:

   Example 2-7. ISAPI configuration of Sambar
#for PHP 4
*.php = c:\php\php4isapi.dll

#for PHP 5
*.php = c:\php\php5isapi.dll

       (This line assumes that PHP was installed in c:\php.)
     * Now restart the Sambar server for the changes to take effect.
     _________________________________________________________________

Xitami on Microsoft Windows

   This section contains notes and hints specific to Xitami on Windows.

     Note: You should read the manual installation steps first!

   This list describes how to set up the PHP CGI binary to work with
   Xitami on Windows.

     Important for CGI users: Read the faq on cgi.force_redirect for
     important details. This directive needs to be set to 0. If you want
     to use $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] you have to enable the cgi.fix_pathinfo
     directive.

   Warning

   By using the CGI setup, your server is open to several possible
   attacks. Please read our CGI security section to learn how to defend
   yourself from those attacks.

     * Make sure the webserver is running, and point your browser to
       xitamis admin console (usually http://127.0.0.1/admin), and click
       on Configuration.
     * Navigate to the Filters, and put the extension which PHP should
       parse (i.e. .php) into the field File extensions (.xxx).
     * In Filter command or script put the path and name of your PHP CGI
       executable i.e. C:\php\php.exe for PHP 4, or C:\php\php-cgi.exe
       for PHP 5.
     * Press the 'Save' icon.
     * Restart the server to reflect changes.
     _________________________________________________________________

Installation of extensions on Windows

   After installing PHP and a webserver on Windows, you will probably
   want to install some extensions for added functionality. You can
   choose which extensions you would like to load when PHP starts by
   modifying your php.ini. You can also load a module dynamically in your
   script using dl().

   The DLLs for PHP extensions are prefixed with php_.

     Note: In PHP 4.3.1 BCMath, Calendar, COM, Ctype, FTP, MySQL, ODBC,
     Overload, PCRE, Session, Tokenizer, WDDX, XML and Zlib support is
     built in. You don't need to load any additional extensions in order
     to use these functions. See your distributions README.txt or
     install.txt or this table for a list of built in modules.

   The default location PHP searches for extensions is c:\php4\extensions
   in PHP 4 and c:\php5 in PHP 5. To change this setting to reflect your
   setup of PHP edit your php.ini file:

     * You will need to change the extension_dir setting to point to the
       directory where your extensions lives, or where you have placed
       your php_*.dll files. Please do not forget the last backslash. For
       example:

extension_dir = c:/php/extensions/

     * Enable the extension(s) in php.ini you want to use by uncommenting
       the extension=php_*.dll lines in php.ini. This is done by deleting
       the leading ; form the extension you want to load.

   Example 2-8. Enable Bzip2 extension for PHP-Windows
// change the following line from ...
;extension=php_bz2.dll

// ... to
extension=php_bz2.dll

     * Some of the extensions need extra DLLs to work. Couple of them can
       be found in the distribution package, in the C:\php\dlls\ folder
       in PHP 4 or in the main folder in PHP 5, but some, for example
       Oracle (php_oci8.dll) require DLLs which are not bundled with the
       distribution package. If you are installing PHP 4, copy the
       bundled DLLs from C:\php\dlls folder to the main C:\php folder.
       Don't forget to include C:\php in the system PATH (this process is
       explained in a separate FAQ entry).

     Note: If you are running a server module version of PHP remember to
     restart your webserver to reflect your changes to php.ini.

   The following table describes some of the extensions available and
   required additional dlls.

   Table 2-1. PHP Extensions
   Extension Description Notes
   php_bz2.dll bzip2 compression functions None
   php_calendar.dll Calendar conversion functions Built in since PHP
   4.0.3
   php_cpdf.dll ClibPDF functions None
   php_crack.dll Crack functions None
   php_ctype.dll ctype family functions Built in since PHP 4.3.0
   php_curl.dll CURL, Client URL library functions Requires:
   libeay32.dll, ssleay32.dll (bundled)
   php_cybercash.dll Cybercash payment functions PHP <= 4.2.0
   php_db.dll DBM functions Deprecated. Use DBA instead (php_dba.dll)
   php_dba.dll DBA: DataBase (dbm-style) Abstraction layer functions None
   php_dbase.dll dBase functions None
   php_dbx.dll dbx functions
   php_domxml.dll DOM XML functions PHP <= 4.2.0 requires: libxml2.dll
   (bundled) PHP >= 4.3.0 requires: iconv.dll (bundled)
   php_dotnet.dll .NET functions PHP <= 4.1.1
   php_exif.dll Read EXIF headers from JPEG None
   php_fbsql.dll FrontBase functions PHP <= 4.2.0
   php_fdf.dll FDF: Forms Data Format functions. Requires: fdftk.dll
   (bundled)
   php_filepro.dll filePro functions Read-only access
   php_ftp.dll FTP functions Built-in since PHP 4.0.3
   php_gd.dll GD library image functions Removed in PHP 4.3.2. Also note
   that truecolor functions are not available in GD1, instead, use
   php_gd2.dll.
   php_gd2.dll GD library image functions GD2
   php_gettext.dll Gettext functions PHP <= 4.2.0 requires
   gnu_gettext.dll (bundled), PHP >= 4.2.3 requires libintl-1.dll,
   iconv.dll (bundled).
   php_hyperwave.dll HyperWave functions None
   php_iconv.dll ICONV characterset conversion Requires: iconv-1.3.dll
   (bundled), PHP >=4.2.1 iconv.dll
   php_ifx.dll Informix functions Requires: Informix libraries
   php_iisfunc.dll IIS management functions None
   php_imap.dll IMAP POP3 and NNTP functions None
   php_ingres.dll Ingres II functions Requires: Ingres II libraries
   php_interbase.dll InterBase functions Requires: gds32.dll (bundled)
   php_java.dll Java functions PHP <= 4.0.6 requires: jvm.dll (bundled)
   php_ldap.dll LDAP functions PHP <= 4.2.0 requires libsasl.dll
   (bundled), PHP >= 4.3.0 requires libeay32.dll, ssleay32.dll (bundled)
   php_mbstring.dll Multi-Byte String functions None
   php_mcrypt.dll Mcrypt Encryption functions Requires: libmcrypt.dll
   php_mhash.dll Mhash functions PHP >= 4.3.0 requires: libmhash.dll
   (bundled)
   php_mime_magic.dll Mimetype functions Requires: magic.mime (bundled)
   php_ming.dll Ming functions for Flash None
   php_msql.dll mSQL functions Requires: msql.dll (bundled)
   php_mssql.dll MSSQL functions Requires: ntwdblib.dll (bundled)
   php_mysql.dll MySQL functions PHP >= 5.0.0, requires libmysql.dll
   (bundled)
   php_mysqli.dll MySQLi functions PHP >= 5.0.0, requires libmysqli.dll
   (bundled)
   php_oci8.dll Oracle 8 functions Requires: Oracle 8.1+ client libraries
   php_openssl.dll OpenSSL functions Requires: libeay32.dll (bundled)
   php_oracle.dll Oracle functions Requires: Oracle 7 client libraries
   php_overload.dll Object overloading functions Built in since PHP 4.3.0
   php_pdf.dll PDF functions None
   php_pgsql.dll PostgreSQL functions None
   php_printer.dll Printer functions None
   php_shmop.dll Shared Memory functions None
   php_snmp.dll SNMP get and walk functions NT only!
   php_soap.dll SOAP functions PHP >= 5.0.0
   php_sockets.dll Socket functions None
   php_sybase_ct.dll Sybase functions Requires: Sybase client libraries
   php_tidy.dll Tidy functions PHP >= 5.0.0
   php_tokenizer.dll Tokenizer functions Built in since PHP 4.3.0
   php_w32api.dll W32api functions None
   php_xmlrpc.dll XML-RPC functions PHP >= 4.2.1 requires: iconv.dll
   (bundled)
   php_xslt.dll XSLT functions PHP <= 4.2.0 requires sablot.dll,
   expat.dll (bundled). PHP >= 4.2.1 requires sablot.dll, expat.dll,
   iconv.dll (bundled).
   php_yaz.dll YAZ functions Requires: yaz.dll (bundled)
   php_zip.dll Zip File functions Read only access
   php_zlib.dll ZLib compression functions Built in since PHP 4.3.0
     _________________________________________________________________

Chapter 3. Problems?

Read the FAQ

   Some problems are more common than others. The most common ones are
   listed in the PHP FAQ, part of this manual.
     _________________________________________________________________

Other problems

   If you are still stuck, someone on the PHP installation mailing list
   may be able to help you. You should check out the archive first, in
   case someone already answered someone else who had the same problem as
   you. The archives are available from the support page on
   http://www.php.net/support.php. To subscribe to the PHP installation
   mailing list, send an empty mail to
   php-install-subscribe@lists.php.net. The mailing list address is
   php-install@lists.php.net.

   If you want to get help on the mailing list, please try to be precise
   and give the necessary details about your environment (which operating
   system, what PHP version, what web server, if you are running PHP as
   CGI or a server module, safe mode, etc...), and preferably enough code
   to make others able to reproduce and test your problem.
     _________________________________________________________________

Bug reports

   If you think you have found a bug in PHP, please report it. The PHP
   developers probably don't know about it, and unless you report it,
   chances are it won't be fixed. You can report bugs using the
   bug-tracking system at http://bugs.php.net/. Please do not send bug
   reports in mailing list or personal letters. The bug system is also
   suitable to submit feature requests.

   Read the How to report a bug document before submitting any bug
   reports!
     _________________________________________________________________

Chapter 4. Runtime Configuration

The configuration file

   The configuration file (called php3.ini in PHP 3, and simply php.ini
   as of PHP 4) is read when PHP starts up. For the server module
   versions of PHP, this happens only once when the web server is
   started. For the CGI and CLI version, it happens on every invocation.

   The default location of php.ini is a compile time option (see the FAQ
   entry), but can be changed for the CGI and CLI version with the -c
   command line switch, see the chapter about using PHP from the command
   line. You can also use the environment variable PHPRC for an
   additional path to search for a php.ini file.

   If php-SAPI.ini exists (where SAPI is used SAPI, so the filename is
   e.g. php-cli.ini or php-apache.ini), it's used instead of php.ini.

     Note: The Apache web server changes the directory to root at
     startup causing PHP to attempt to read php.ini from the root
     filesystem if it exists.

   The php.ini directives handled by extensions are documented
   respectively on the pages of the extensions themselfs. The list of the
   core directives is available in the appendix. Probably not all the PHP
   directives are documented in the manual though. For a completel list
   of directives available in your PHP version, please read your well
   commented php.ini file. Alternatively, you may find the the latest
   php.ini from CVS helpful too.

   Example 4-1. php.ini example
; any text on a line after an unquoted semicolon (;) is ignored
[php] ; section markers (text within square brackets) are also ignored
; Boolean values can be set to either:
;    true, on, yes
; or false, off, no, none
register_globals = off
track_errors = yes

; you can enclose strings in double-quotes
include_path = ".:/usr/local/lib/php"

; backslashes are treated the same as any other character
include_path = ".;c:\php\lib"
     _________________________________________________________________

How to change configuration settings

Running PHP as an Apache module

   When using PHP as an Apache module, you can also change the
   configuration settings using directives in Apache configuration files
   (e.g. httpd.conf) and .htaccess files. You will need "AllowOverride
   Options" or "AllowOverride All" privileges to do so.

   With PHP 4 and PHP 5, there are several Apache directives that allow
   you to change the PHP configuration from within the Apache
   configuration files. For a listing of which directives are
   PHP_INI_ALL, PHP_INI_PERDIR, or PHP_INI_SYSTEM, have a look at the
   table found within the ini_set() documentation.

     Note: With PHP 3, there are Apache directives that correspond to
     each configuration setting in the php3.ini name, except the name is
     prefixed by "php3_".

   php_value name value
          Sets the value of the specified directive. Can be used only
          with PHP_INI_ALL and PHP_INI_PERDIR type directives. To clear a
          previously set value use none as the value.

     Note: Don't use php_value to set boolean values. php_flag (see
     below) should be used instead.

   php_flag name on|off
          Used to set a boolean configuration directive. Can be used only
          with PHP_INI_ALL and PHP_INI_PERDIR type directives.

   php_admin_value name value
          Sets the value of the specified directive. This can not be used
          in .htaccess files. Any directive type set with php_admin_value
          can not be overridden by .htaccess or virtualhost directives.
          To clear a previously set value use none as the value.

   php_admin_flag name on|off
          Used to set a boolean configuration directive. This can not be
          used in .htaccess files. Any directive type set with
          php_admin_flag can not be overridden by .htaccess or
          virtualhost directives.

   Example 4-2. Apache configuration example
<IfModule mod_php5.c>
  php_value include_path ".:/usr/local/lib/php"
  php_admin_flag safe_mode on
</IfModule>
<IfModule mod_php4.c>
  php_value include_path ".:/usr/local/lib/php"
  php_admin_flag safe_mode on
</IfModule>
<IfModule mod_php3.c>
  php3_include_path ".:/usr/local/lib/php"
  php3_safe_mode on
</IfModule>

   Caution

   PHP constants do not exist outside of PHP. For example, in httpd.conf
   you can not use PHP constants such as E_ALL or E_NOTICE to set the
   error_reporting directive as they will have no meaning and will
   evaluate to 0. Use the associated bitmask values instead. These
   constants can be used in php.ini
     _________________________________________________________________

Changing PHP configuration via the Windows registry

   When running PHP on Windows, the configuration values can be modified
   on a per-directory basis using the Windows registry. The configuration
   values are stored in the registry key HKLM\SOFTWARE\PHP\Per Directory
   Values, in the sub-keys corresponding to the path names. For example,
   configuration values for the directory c:\inetpub\wwwroot would be
   stored in the key HKLM\SOFTWARE\PHP\Per Directory
   Values\c\inetpub\wwwroot. The settings for the directory would be
   active for any script running from this directory or any subdirectory
   of it. The values under the key should have the name of the PHP
   configuration directive and the string value. PHP constants in the
   values are not parsed.
     _________________________________________________________________

Other interfaces to PHP

   Regardless of how you run PHP, you can change certain values at
   runtime of your scripts through ini_set(). See the documentation on
   the ini_set() page for more information.

   If you are interested in a complete list of configuration settings on
   your system with their current values, you can execute the phpinfo()
   function, and review the resulting page. You can also access the
   values of individual configuration directives at runtime using
   ini_get() or get_cfg_var().
