[EN] Conventional breeding of citrus types demands a long-term effort due to their complex reproductive biology and long juvenile period. As a compelling alternative, genetic engineering of mature tissues allows the insertion ...

[EN] The RNA silencing pathway constitutes a defence mechanism highly conserved in eukaryotes, especially in plants, where the underlying working principle relies on the repressive action triggered by the intracellular ...

ARGONAUTEs (AGOs) are the effector proteins in eukaryotic small RNA(sRNA)– based gene silencing pathways controlling gene expression and transposon activity. In plants, AGOs regulate key biological processes such as ...

[EN] How viroids, tiny non-protein-coding RNAs (250–400 nt), incite disease is unclear. One hypothesis is that viroid-derived small RNAs (vd-sRNAs; 21–24 nt) resulting from the host defensive response, via RNA silencing, may ...

[EN] Plant viruses of the genera Potyvirus and Ipomovirus (Potyviridae family) use unrelated RNA silencing suppressors (RSS) to counteract antiviral RNA silencing responses. HCPro is the RSS of Potyvirus spp., and its ...

[EN] NA interference pathways can involve amplification of secondary siRNAs by RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. In plants, RDR6-dependent secondary siRNAs arise from transcripts targeted by some microRNAs (miRNAs). Here, ...

[EN] As a consequence of two unique physical properties, small size and circularity, viroid RNAs do not code for proteins and thus depend on RNA sequence/structural motifs for interacting with host proteins that mediate ...

[EN] Viroids are small (246¿401 nucleotides), non-coding, circular RNAs able to replicate autonomously in certain plants. Viroids are classified into the families Pospiviroidae and Avsunviroidae, whose members replicate ...