- -

Quantification of climate change impact on dam failure risk under hydrological scenarios: a case study from a Spanish dam

RiuNet: Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia

Compartir/Enviar a

Citas

Estadísticas

  • Estadisticas de Uso

Quantification of climate change impact on dam failure risk under hydrological scenarios: a case study from a Spanish dam

Mostrar el registro sencillo del ítem

Ficheros en el ítem

Thumbnail
Nombre: Fluixá;Morales;Escuder ...
Tamaño: 8.011Mb
Formato: PDF
Descripción: Versión editorial
Abrir
dc.contributor.author Fluixá Sanmartín, Javier es_ES
dc.contributor.author Morales Torres, Adrián es_ES
dc.contributor.author Escuder Bueno, Ignacio es_ES
dc.contributor.author Paredes Arquiola, Javier es_ES
dc.date.accessioned 2020-06-06T03:32:29Z
dc.date.available 2020-06-06T03:32:29Z
dc.date.issued 2019-10-01 es_ES
dc.identifier.issn 1561-8633 es_ES
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10251/145543
dc.description.abstract [EN] Dam safety is increasingly subjected to the influence of climate change. Its impacts must be assessed through the integration of the various effects acting on each aspect, considering their interdependencies, rather than just a simple accumulation of separate impacts. This serves as a dam safety management supporting tool to assess the vulnerability of the dam to climate change and to define adaptation strategies under an evolutive dam failure risk management framework. This article presents a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the impacts of climate change on the safety of a Spanish dam under hydrological scenarios, integrating the various projected effects acting on each component of the risk, from the input hydrology to the consequences of the outflow hydrograph. In particular, the results of 21 regional climate models encompassing three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) have been used to calculate the risk evolution of the dam until the end of the 21st century. Results show a progressive deterioration of the dam failure risk, for most of the cases contemplated, especially for the RCP2.6 and RCP4.5 scenarios. Moreover, the individual analysis of each risk component shows that the alteration of the expected inflows has the greater influence on the final risk. The approach followed in this paper can serve as a useful guidebook for dam owners and dam safety practitioners in the analysis of other study cases. es_ES
dc.description.sponsorship The authors acknowledge the Spanish Ministry for the Ecological Transition (MITECO) for its support in the preparation of this paper. es_ES
dc.language Inglés es_ES
dc.relation.ispartof Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences es_ES
dc.rights Reconocimiento (by) es_ES
dc.subject Climate change es_ES
dc.subject Risk es_ES
dc.subject Dam safety es_ES
dc.subject Dam Risk Model es_ES
dc.subject AQUATOOL es_ES
dc.subject.classification INGENIERIA HIDRAULICA es_ES
dc.title Quantification of climate change impact on dam failure risk under hydrological scenarios: a case study from a Spanish dam es_ES
dc.type Artículo es_ES
dc.identifier.doi 10.5194/nhess-19-2117-2019 es_ES
dc.rights.accessRights Abierto es_ES
dc.contributor.affiliation Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Medio Ambiente - Departament d'Enginyeria Hidràulica i Medi Ambient es_ES
dc.contributor.affiliation Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto Universitario de Ingeniería del Agua y del Medio Ambiente - Institut Universitari d'Enginyeria de l'Aigua i Medi Ambient es_ES
dc.description.bibliographicCitation Fluixá Sanmartín, J.; Morales Torres, A.; Escuder Bueno, I.; Paredes Arquiola, J. (2019). Quantification of climate change impact on dam failure risk under hydrological scenarios: a case study from a Spanish dam. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 19(10):2117-2139. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2117-2019 es_ES
dc.description.accrualMethod S es_ES
dc.relation.publisherversion https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-19-2117-2019 es_ES
dc.description.upvformatpinicio 2117 es_ES
dc.description.upvformatpfin 2139 es_ES
dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion es_ES
dc.description.volume 19 es_ES
dc.description.issue 10 es_ES
dc.subject.asignatura Obras y aprovechamientos hidraúlicos 33540 / C - Máster universitario en ingeniería de caminos, canales y puertos (acceso desde grado i. de obras públicas) 2257 es_ES
dc.subject.asignatura Obras y aprovechamientos hidraúlicos 33540 / C - Máster universitario en ingeniería de caminos, canales y puertos 2236 es_ES
dc.relation.pasarela S\394622 es_ES
dc.description.references AEMET: AEMET Spain02 v5 dataset, available at: http://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/cambio_climat/datos_diarios/ayuda/rejilla_20km, last access: 30 September 2019. a, b es_ES
dc.description.references Akhtar, M., Ahmad, N., and Booij, M.: The impact of climate change on the water resources of Hindukush–Karakorum–Himalaya region under different glacier coverage scenarios, J. Hydrol., 355, 148–163, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.03.015, 2008. a es_ES
dc.description.references Ardiles, L., Sanz, D., Moreno, P., Jenaro, E., Fleitz, J., and Escuder-Bueno, I.: Risk Assessment and Management for 26 Dams Operated By the Duero River Authority (Spain), in: 6th International Conference on Dam Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal, 2011. a, b, c es_ES
dc.description.references ASCE: Hydrology handbook, no. 28 in ASCE manuals and reports on engineering practice, 2nd Edn., ASCE, New York, oCLC: 636373660, 1996. a es_ES
dc.description.references Bahls, V. and Holman, K.: Climate Change in Hydrologic Hazard Analyses: Friant Dam Pilot Study – Part I: Hydrometeorological Model Inputs, Tech. rep., US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colorado, USA, 2014. a es_ES
dc.description.references Benestad, R.: Downscaling Climate Information, in: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science, Oxford University Press, Oxford, https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.27, 2016. a es_ES
dc.description.references Boé, J., Terray, L., Habets, F., and Martin, E.: Statistical and dynamical downscaling of the Seine basin climate for hydro-meteorological studies, Int. J. Climatol., 27, 1643–1655, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1602, 2007. a, b es_ES
dc.description.references Bowles, D.: Advances in the practice and use of portfolio risk assessment, in: ANCOLD Conference on Dams, Cairns, Queensland, Australia, 2000. a es_ES
dc.description.references Cannon, A. J., Sobie, S. R., and Murdock, T. Q.: Bias Correction of GCM Precipitation by Quantile Mapping: How Well Do Methods Preserve Changes in Quantiles and Extremes?, J. Climate, 28, 6938–6959, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00754.1, 2015. a es_ES
dc.description.references CEDEX: Hydrological Yearbook – Centro de Estudios y Experimentación de Obras Públicas, available at: http://ceh-flumen64.cedex.es/anuarioaforos/default.asp, last access: 30 September 2019. a, b es_ES
dc.description.references Chernet, H. H., Alfredsen, K., and Midttømme, G. H.: Safety of Hydropower Dams in a Changing Climate, J. Hydrol. Eng., 19, 569–582, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0000836, 2014. a es_ES
dc.description.references Chow, V. T., Maidment, D. R., and Mays, L. W.: Applied hydrology, McGraw-Hill series in water resources and environmental engineering, 1988 Edn., McGraw-Hill, New York, oCLC: 551823930, 2008. a es_ES
dc.description.references Confederación Hidrográfica del Duero: Plan Hidrológico de la parte española de la demarcación hidrográfica del Duero, 2015–2021, available at: http://www.chduero.es/ (last access: 30 September 2019), 2015. a, b, c es_ES
dc.description.references Escuder-Bueno, I. and González-Pérez, J.: Metodología para la evaluación del riesgo hidrológico de presas y priorización de medidas correctoras, Colegio de Ingeniero de Caminos, Canales y Puertos, Madrid, Spain, 2014. a es_ES
dc.description.references Fluixá-Sanmartín, J., Altarejos-García, L., Morales-Torres, A., and Escuder-Bueno, I.: Review article: Climate change impacts on dam safety, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 18, 2471–2488, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2471-2018, 2018. a, b, c, d, e, f es_ES
dc.description.references Fluixá-Sanmartín, J., Altarejos-García, L., Morales-Torres, A., and Escuder-Bueno, I.: Empirical Tool for the Assessment of Annual Overtopping Probabilities of Dams, J. Water Resour. Pl. Manage., 145, 04018083, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001017, 2019. a es_ES
dc.description.references Foehn, A., García Hernández, J., Roquier, B., Fluixá-Sanmartín, J., and Paredes Arquiola, J.: RS MINERVE – User's manual v2.12, RS MINERVE Group, Switzerland, 2019. a es_ES
dc.description.references Francés, F., García-Bartual, R., and Bussi, G.: High return period annual maximum reservoir water level quantiles estimation using synthetic generated flood events, in: Risk Analysis, Dam Safety, Dam Security and Critical Infrastructure Management, edited by: Escuder-Bueno, I., Matheu, E., Altarejos-García, L., and Castillo-Rodríguez, J. T., CRC Press, Leiden, 99–105, 2012. a es_ES
dc.description.references Fujihara, Y., Tanaka, K., Watanabe, T., Nagano, T., and Kojiri, T.: Assessing the impacts of climate change on the water resources of the Seyhan River Basin in Turkey: Use of dynamically downscaled data for hydrologic simulations, J. Hydrol., 353, 33–48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.01.024, 2008. a es_ES
dc.description.references Gao, X., Pal, J. S., and Giorgi, F.: Projected changes in mean and extreme precipitation over the Mediterranean region from a high resolution double nested RCM simulation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L03706, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL024954, 2006. a es_ES
dc.description.references García Hernández, J., Paredes Arquiola, J., Foehn, A., Roquier, B., and Fluixá-Sanmartín, J.: RS MINERVE – Technical manual v2.17, RS MINERVE Group, Sion, Switzerland, 2019. a, b es_ES
dc.description.references Giorgi, F., Jones, C., and Asrar, G.: Addressing climate information needs at the regional level: the CORDEX framework, WMO Bulletin, 58, 175–183, 2009. a es_ES
dc.description.references Gu, H., Wang, G., Yu, Z., and Mei, R.: Assessing future climate changes and extreme indicators in east and south Asia using the RegCM4 regional climate model, Climatic Change, 114, 301–317, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-012-0411-y, 2012. a es_ES
dc.description.references Gudmundsson, L., Bremnes, J. B., Haugen, J. E., and Engen-Skaugen, T.: Technical Note: Downscaling RCM precipitation to the station scale using statistical transformations – a comparison of methods, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 3383–3390, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3383-2012, 2012. a, b es_ES
dc.description.references Gupta, H. V., Kling, H., Yilmaz, K. K., and Martinez, G. F.: Decomposition of the mean squared error and NSE performance criteria: Implications for improving hydrological modelling, J. Hydrol., 377, 80–91, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.08.003, 2009. a es_ES
dc.description.references Gutjahr, O. and Heinemann, G.: Comparing precipitation bias correction methods for high-resolution regional climate simulations using COSMO-CLM: Effects on extreme values and climate change signal, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 114, 511–529, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-013-0834-z, 2013. a es_ES
dc.description.references Herrera, S., Fernández, J., and Gutiérrez, J. M.: Update of the Spain02 gridded observational dataset for EURO-CORDEX evaluation: assessing the effect of the interpolation methodology, Int. J. Climatol., 36, 900–908, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4391, 2016. a es_ES
dc.description.references IPCC: Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation: special report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 1. Edn., Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA, 2012. a es_ES
dc.description.references IPCC: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 2013. a es_ES
dc.description.references IPCC: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability, Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects, in: Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 2014. a es_ES
dc.description.references iPresas: iPresas Calc., User guide, Valencia, ipresas risk analysis Edn., available at: http://www.ipresas.com, last access: 30 September 2019. a es_ES
dc.description.references IPSL: Pierre Simon Laplace Institute (IPSL) ESGF node, available at: https://esgf-node.ipsl.upmc.fr/projects/esgf-ipsl/, last access: 30 September 2019. a es_ES
dc.description.references Jacob, D., Petersen, J., Eggert, B., Alias, A., Christensen, O. B., Bouwer, L. M., Braun, A., Colette, A., Déqué, M., Georgievski, G., Georgopoulou, E., Gobiet, A., Menut, L., Nikulin, G., Haensler, A., Hempelmann, N., Jones, C., Keuler, K., Kovats, S., Kröner, N., Kotlarski, S., Kriegsmann, A., Martin, E., van Meijgaard, E., Moseley, C., Pfeifer, S., Preuschmann, S., Radermacher, C., Radtke, K., Rechid, D., Rounsevell, M., Samuelsson, P., Somot, S., Soussana, J.-F., Teichmann, C., Valentini, R., Vautard, R., Weber, B., and Yiou, P.: EURO-CORDEX: new high-resolution climate change projections for European impact research, Reg. Environ. Change, 14, 563–578, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-013-0499-2, 2014. a es_ES
dc.description.references Jakob Themeßl, M., Gobiet, A., and Leuprecht, A.: Empirical-statistical downscaling and error correction of daily precipitation from regional climate models, Int. J. Climatol., 31, 1530–1544, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2168, 2011. a es_ES
dc.description.references Kaplan, S.: The Words of Risk Analysis, Risk Analysis, 17, 407–417, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1997.tb00881.x, 1997. a es_ES
dc.description.references Kite, G. W.: Confidence limits for design events, Water Resour. Res., 11, 48–53, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR011i001p00048, 1975. a, b es_ES
dc.description.references Kite, G. W.: Frequency and risk analyses in hydrology, Water Resources Publications, Littleton, Colo., USA, 1988. a es_ES
dc.description.references Kling, H., Fuchs, M., and Paulin, M.: Runoff conditions in the upper Danube basin under an ensemble of climate change scenarios, J. Hydrol., 424–425, 264–277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.01.011, 2012. a es_ES
dc.description.references Kotlarski, S., Szabó, P., Herrera, S., Räty, O., Keuler, K., Soares, P. M., Cardoso, R. M., Bosshard, T., Pagé, C., Boberg, F., Gutiérrez, J. M., Isotta, F. A., Jaczewski, A., Kreienkamp, F., Liniger, M. A., Lussana, C., and Pianko-Kluczyńska, K.: Observational uncertainty and regional climate model evaluation: A pan-European perspective, Int. J. Climatol., 39, 3730–3749, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5249, 2017. a es_ES
dc.description.references Maraun, D.: Bias Correcting Climate Change Simulations – a Critical Review, Curr. Clim. Change Rep., 2, 211–220, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-016-0050-x, 2016. a es_ES
dc.description.references Ministerio de Fomento: Norma 5.2 – IC drenaje superficial de la Instrucción de Carreteras, in: Boletín Oficial del Estado, Madrid, Spain, 18882–19023, 2016. a, b es_ES
dc.description.references Morales-Torres, A., Serrano-Lombillo, A., Escuder-Bueno, I., and Altarejos-García, L.: The suitability of risk reduction indicators to inform dam safety management, Struct. Infrastruct. Eng., 12, 1465–1476, https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2015.1136830, 2016. a, b es_ES
dc.description.references Moss, R. H., Edmonds, J. A., Hibbard, K. A., Manning, M. R., Rose, S. K., van Vuuren, D. P., Carter, T. R., Emori, S., Kainuma, M., Kram, T., Meehl, G. A., Mitchell, J. F. B., Nakicenovic, N., Riahi, K., Smith, S. J., Stouffer, R. J., Thomson, A. M., Weyant, J. P., and Wilbanks, T. J.: The next generation of scenarios for climate change research and assessment, Nature, 463, 747–756, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08823, 2010. a es_ES
dc.description.references Nash, J. and Sutcliffe, J.: River flow forecasting through conceptual models part I – A discussion of principles, J. Hydrol., 10, 282–290, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(70)90255-6, 1970. a es_ES
dc.description.references Novembre, N., Holman, K., and Bahls, V.: Climate Change in Hydrologic Hazard Analyses: Friant Dam Pilot Study – Part II: Using the SEFM with Climate-Adjusted Hydrometeorological Inputs, Technical Memorandum 8250-2015-010, US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colorado, USA, 2015. a es_ES
dc.description.references OFEV (Ed.): Adaptation aux changements climatiques en Suisse, Plan d'action 2014–2019, Deuxième volet de la stratégie du Conseil fédéral du 9 avril 2014, Bern, Switzerland, 2014. a es_ES
dc.description.references Orlowsky, B., Gerstengarbe, F.-W., and Werner, P. C.: A resampling scheme for regional climate simulations and its performance compared to a dynamical RCM, Theor. Appl. Climatol., 92, 209–223, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-007-0352-y, 2008. a es_ES
dc.description.references Our World in Data: Future Population Growth, available at: https://ourworldindata.org/future-population-growth (last access: 30 September 2019), 2018. a es_ES
dc.description.references Panofsky, H. and Brier, G.: Some Applications of Statistics to Meteorology, Earth and mineral sciences continuing education, The Pennsylvania State University Press, Philadelphia, 1968. a es_ES
dc.description.references Parzen, E.: On Estimation of a Probability Density Function and Mode, Ann. Math. Stat., 33, 1065–1076, https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177704472, 1962. a es_ES
dc.description.references R Development Core Team: R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, available at: http://www.R-project.org (last access: 30 September 2019), 2008. a es_ES
dc.description.references Reed, D., Faulkner, D., Robson, A., Houghton-Carr, H., Bayliss, A., and Institute of Hydrology: Flood estimation handbook: procedures for flood frequency estimation, Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford, Angleterre, oCLC: 301120221, 1999. a es_ES
dc.description.references Riahi, K., Grübler, A., and Nakicenovic, N.: Scenarios of long-term socio-economic and environmental development under climate stabilization, Technol. Forecast. Social Change, 74, 887–935, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2006.05.026, 2007. a es_ES
dc.description.references Riahi, K., Rao, S., Krey, V., Cho, C., Chirkov, V., Fischer, G., Kindermann, G., Nakicenovic, N., and Rafaj, P.: RCP 8.5 – A scenario of comparatively high greenhouse gas emissions, Climatic Change, 109, 33–57, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0149-y, 2011. a es_ES
dc.description.references Rogger, M., Kohl, B., Pirkl, H., Viglione, A., Komma, J., Kirnbauer, R., Merz, R., and Blöschl, G.: Runoff models and flood frequency statistics for design flood estimation in Austria – Do they tell a consistent story?, J. Hydrol., 456–457, 30–43, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.05.068, 2012. a es_ES
dc.description.references Rosenblatt, M.: Remarks on Some Nonparametric Estimates of a Density Function, Ann. Math. Stat., 27, 832–837, https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177728190, 1956. a es_ES
dc.description.references Schaefli, B., Hingray, B., Niggli, M., and Musy, A.: A conceptual glacio-hydrological model for high mountainous catchments, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 9, 95–109, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-9-95-2005, 2005. a es_ES
dc.description.references Serrano-Lombillo, A., Escuder-Bueno, I., de Membrillera-Ortuño, M. G., and Altarejos-García, L.: Methodology for the Calculation of Annualized Incremental Risks in Systems of Dams: Risk Calculation for Systems of Dams, Risk Analysis, 31, 1000–1015, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01547.x, 2011. a, b, c es_ES
dc.description.references Serrano-Lombillo, A., Fluixá-Sanmartín, J., and Espert-Canet, V.: Flood routing studies in risk analysis, in: Risk Analysis, Dam Safety, Dam Security and Critical Infrastructure Management, edited by: Escuder-Bueno, I., Matheu, E., Altarejos-García, L., and Castillo-Rodríguez, J. T., CRC Press, Leiden, 99–105, 2012a. a es_ES
dc.description.references Serrano-Lombillo, A., Morales-Torres, A., and García-Kabbabe, L.: Consequence estimation in risk analysis, in: Risk Analysis, Dam Safety, Dam Security and Critical Infrastructure Management, edited by: Escuder-Bueno, I., Matheu, E., Altarejos-García, L., and Castillo-Rodríguez, J. T., CRC Press, Leiden, 99–105, 2012b. a es_ES
dc.description.references Serrano-Lombillo, A., Morales-Torres, A., Escuder-Bueno, I., and Altarejos-García, L.: Review, Analysis and Application of Existing Risk Reduction Principles and Risk Indicators for Dam Safety Management, Venice, Italy, 2013. a es_ES
dc.description.references SPANCOLD: Risk Analysis as Applied to Dam Safety, Technical Guide on Operation of Dams and Reservoirs, Professional Association of Civil Engineers, Spanish National Committe on Large Dams, Madrid, available at: http://www.spancold.es/Archivos/Monograph_Risk_Analysis.pdf (last access: 30 September 2019), 2012. a, b, c, d es_ES
dc.description.references Su, H.-T. and Tung, Y.-K.: Incorporating uncertainty of distribution parameters due to sampling errors in flood-damage-reduction project evaluation, Water Resour. Res., 49, 1680–1692, https://doi.org/10.1002/wrcr.20116, 2013. a, b es_ES
dc.description.references Taylor, K. E., Stouffer, R. J., and Meehl, G. A.: An Overview of CMIP5 and the Experiment Design, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 93, 485–498, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00094.1, 2012. a es_ES
dc.description.references Témez, J.: Extended and Improved Rational Method, Version of the Highways Administration of Spain, in: Proc. XXIV Congress IAHR, Madrid, Spain, 33–40, 1991. a es_ES
dc.description.references Thomson, A. M., Calvin, K. V., Smith, S. J., Kyle, G. P., Volke, A., Patel, P., Delgado-Arias, S., Bond-Lamberty, B., Wise, M. A., Clarke, L. E., and Edmonds, J. A.: RCP4.5: a pathway for stabilization of radiative forcing by 2100, Climatic Change, 109, 77–94, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0151-4, 2011. a es_ES
dc.description.references United Nations: World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision, Tech. rep., Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, available at: https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/ (last access: 30 September 2019), 2017. a es_ES
dc.description.references University of Cantabria: Santander Meteorology Group (University of Cantabria ­- CSIC), available at: http://www.meteo.unican.es/datasets/spain02, last access: 30 September 2019. a es_ES
dc.description.references USACE: Safety of dams – Policy and procedures, Tech. Rep. ER 1110-2-1156, US Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, D.C., 2011. a es_ES
dc.description.references USACE: Climate Change Adaptation Plan, Tech. rep., US Army Corps of Engineers Committee on Climate Preparedness and Resilience, Washington, D.C., USA, 2014. a es_ES
dc.description.references USBR: Dam Safety Public Protection Guidelines. A Risk Framework to Support Dam Safety Decision-Making, Tech. rep., US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colorado, USA, 2011. a es_ES
dc.description.references USBR: Climate Change Adaptation Strategy, Tech. rep., US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colorado, USA, 2014. a, b es_ES
dc.description.references USBR: Climate Change Adaptation Strategy: 2016 Progress Report, Tech. rep., US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colorado, USA, 2016. a, b es_ES
dc.description.references van Vuuren, D. P., den Elzen, M. G. J., Lucas, P. L., Eickhout, B., Strengers, B. J., van Ruijven, B., Wonink, S., and van Houdt, R.: Stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations at low levels: an assessment of reduction strategies and costs, Climatic Change, 81, 119–159, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-006-9172-9, 2007. a es_ES
dc.description.references van Vuuren, D. P., Stehfest, E., den Elzen, M. G. J., Kram, T., van Vliet, J., Deetman, S., Isaac, M., Klein Goldewijk, K., Hof, A., Mendoza Beltran, A., Oostenrijk, R., and van Ruijven, B.: RCP2.6: exploring the possibility to keep global mean temperature increase below 2 ∘C, Climatic Change, 109, 95–116, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-011-0152-3, 2011. a es_ES
dc.description.references Walsh, J., Wuebbles, D., Hayhoe, K., Kossin, J., Kunkel, K., Stephens, G., Thorne, P., Vose, R., Wehner, M., Willis, J., Anderson, D., Doney, S., Feely, R., Hennon, P., Kharin, V., Knutson, T., Landerer, F., Lenton, T., Kennedy, J., and Somerville, R.: Ch. 2: Our Changing Climate, in: Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment, edited by: Melillo, J. M., Richmond, T (T. C.), and Yohe, G. W., u.s. global change research program Edn., 19–67, https://doi.org/10.7930/J0KW5CXT, 2014.  a es_ES
dc.description.references Yira, Y., Diekkrüger, B., Steup, G., and Bossa, A. Y.: Impact of climate change on hydrological conditions in a tropical West African catchment using an ensemble of climate simulations, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 21, 2143–2161, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2143-2017, 2017. a es_ES


Este ítem aparece en la(s) siguiente(s) colección(ones)

Mostrar el registro sencillo del ítem