Mostrar el registro sencillo del ítem
dc.contributor.author | Escorihuela, Jorge | es_ES |
dc.contributor.author | Garcia-Bernabe, Abel | es_ES |
dc.contributor.author | Compañ Moreno, Vicente | es_ES |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-03-01T08:08:07Z | |
dc.date.available | 2021-03-01T08:08:07Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2020-06 | es_ES |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10251/162560 | |
dc.description.abstract | [EN] The use of phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes for fuel cell applications has been extensively studied in the past decades. In this article, we present a systematic study of the physicochemical properties and proton conductivity of PBI membranes doped with the commonly used phosphoric acid at different concentrations (0.1, 1, and 14 M), and with other alternative acids such as phytic acid (0.075 M) and phosphotungstic acid (HPW, 0.1 M). The use of these three acids was reflected in the formation of channels in the polymeric network as observed by cross-section SEM images. The acid doping enhanced proton conductivity of PBI membranes and, after doping, these conducting materials maintained their mechanical properties and thermal stability for their application as proton exchange membrane fuel cells, capable of operating at intermediate or high temperatures. Under doping with similar acidic concentrations, membranes with phytic acid displayed a superior conducting behavior when compared to doping with phosphoric acid or phosphotungstic acid. | es_ES |
dc.description.sponsorship | This research was funded by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) under the project ENE/2015-69203-R. | es_ES |
dc.language | Inglés | es_ES |
dc.publisher | MDPI AG | es_ES |
dc.relation.ispartof | Polymers | es_ES |
dc.rights | Reconocimiento (by) | es_ES |
dc.subject | Fuel cells | es_ES |
dc.subject | Proton conductivity | es_ES |
dc.subject | Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy | es_ES |
dc.subject | Polymer | es_ES |
dc.subject | Polybenzimidazole | es_ES |
dc.subject | Proton exchange membrane | es_ES |
dc.subject | Phosphoric acid | es_ES |
dc.subject | Phytic acid | es_ES |
dc.subject | Phosphotungstic acid | es_ES |
dc.subject.classification | MAQUINAS Y MOTORES TERMICOS | es_ES |
dc.title | A Deep Insight into Different Acidic Additives as Doping Agents for Enhancing Proton Conductivity on Polybenzimidazole Membranes | es_ES |
dc.type | Artículo | es_ES |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.3390/polym12061374 | es_ES |
dc.relation.projectID | info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//ENE2015-69203-R/ES/DESARROLLO Y EVALUACION DE NUEVAS MEMBRANAS POLIMERICAS REFORZADAS CON NANOFIBRAS PARA SU APLICACION EN PILAS DE COMBUSTIBLE CON ELEVADA ESTABILIDAD TERMICA/ | es_ES |
dc.rights.accessRights | Abierto | es_ES |
dc.contributor.affiliation | Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada - Departament de Termodinàmica Aplicada | es_ES |
dc.description.bibliographicCitation | Escorihuela, J.; Garcia-Bernabe, A.; Compañ Moreno, V. (2020). A Deep Insight into Different Acidic Additives as Doping Agents for Enhancing Proton Conductivity on Polybenzimidazole Membranes. Polymers. 12(6):1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12061374 | es_ES |
dc.description.accrualMethod | S | es_ES |
dc.relation.publisherversion | https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12061374 | es_ES |
dc.description.upvformatpinicio | 1 | es_ES |
dc.description.upvformatpfin | 17 | es_ES |
dc.type.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion | es_ES |
dc.description.volume | 12 | es_ES |
dc.description.issue | 6 | es_ES |
dc.identifier.eissn | 2073-4360 | es_ES |
dc.identifier.pmid | 32570990 | es_ES |
dc.identifier.pmcid | PMC7361977 | es_ES |
dc.relation.pasarela | S\423657 | es_ES |
dc.contributor.funder | Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Earth’s CO2 Home Pagehttps://www.co2.earth/ | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Kreuer, K.-D. (1996). Proton Conductivity: Materials and Applications. Chemistry of Materials, 8(3), 610-641. doi:10.1021/cm950192a | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Kreuer, K.-D., & Portale, G. (2013). A Critical Revision of the Nano-Morphology of Proton Conducting Ionomers and Polyelectrolytes for Fuel Cell Applications. Advanced Functional Materials, 23(43), 5390-5397. doi:10.1002/adfm.201300376 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Bakangura, E., Wu, L., Ge, L., Yang, Z., & Xu, T. (2016). Mixed matrix proton exchange membranes for fuel cells: State of the art and perspectives. Progress in Polymer Science, 57, 103-152. doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2015.11.004 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Papadimitriou, K. D., Paloukis, F., Neophytides, S. G., & Kallitsis, J. K. (2011). Cross-Linking of Side Chain Unsaturated Aromatic Polyethers for High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Applications. Macromolecules, 44(12), 4942-4951. doi:10.1021/ma200351z | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Di Noto, V., Lavina, S., Giffin, G. A., Negro, E., & Scrosati, B. (2011). Polymer electrolytes: Present, past and future. Electrochimica Acta, 57, 4-13. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2011.08.048 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Tarascon, J.-M., & Armand, M. (2001). Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries. Nature, 414(6861), 359-367. doi:10.1038/35104644 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Mauritz, K. A., & Moore, R. B. (2004). State of Understanding of Nafion. Chemical Reviews, 104(10), 4535-4586. doi:10.1021/cr0207123 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Casciola, M., Alberti, G., Sganappa, M., & Narducci, R. (2006). On the decay of Nafion proton conductivity at high temperature and relative humidity. Journal of Power Sources, 162(1), 141-145. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.06.023 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Li, Q., He, R., Gao, J.-A., Jensen, J. O., & Bjerrum, N. J. (2003). The CO Poisoning Effect in PEMFCs Operational at Temperatures up to 200°C. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 150(12), A1599. doi:10.1149/1.1619984 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Jannasch, P. (2003). Recent developments in high-temperature proton conducting polymer electrolyte membranes. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science, 8(1), 96-102. doi:10.1016/s1359-0294(03)00006-2 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Purnima, P., & Jayanti, S. (2017). Water neutrality and waste heat management in ethanol reformer - HTPEMFC integrated system for on-board hydrogen generation. Applied Energy, 199, 169-179. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.04.069 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Hickner, M. A., Ghassemi, H., Kim, Y. S., Einsla, B. R., & McGrath, J. E. (2004). Alternative Polymer Systems for Proton Exchange Membranes (PEMs). Chemical Reviews, 104(10), 4587-4612. doi:10.1021/cr020711a | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Kraytsberg, A., & Ein-Eli, Y. (2014). Review of Advanced Materials for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. Energy & Fuels, 28(12), 7303-7330. doi:10.1021/ef501977k | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Reinholdt, M. X., & Kaliaguine, S. (2010). Proton Exchange Membranes for Application in Fuel Cells: Grafted Silica/SPEEK Nanocomposite Elaboration and Characterization. Langmuir, 26(13), 11184-11195. doi:10.1021/la100051j | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Dhanapal, Xiao, Wang, & Meng. (2019). A Review on Sulfonated Polymer Composite/Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Membranes to Address Methanol Barrier Issue for Methanol Fuel Cells. Nanomaterials, 9(5), 668. doi:10.3390/nano9050668 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Araya, S. S., Zhou, F., Liso, V., Sahlin, S. L., Vang, J. R., Thomas, S., … Kær, S. K. (2016). A comprehensive review of PBI-based high temperature PEM fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 41(46), 21310-21344. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.09.024 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Asensio, J. A., Sánchez, E. M., & Gómez-Romero, P. (2010). Proton-conducting membranes based on benzimidazole polymers for high-temperature PEM fuel cells. A chemical quest. Chemical Society Reviews, 39(8), 3210. doi:10.1039/b922650h | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Vogel, H., & Marvel, C. S. (1961). Polybenzimidazoles, new thermally stable polymers. Journal of Polymer Science, 50(154), 511-539. doi:10.1002/pol.1961.1205015419 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Wainright, J. S., Wang, J. ‐T., Weng, D., Savinell, R. F., & Litt, M. (1995). Acid‐Doped Polybenzimidazoles: A New Polymer Electrolyte. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 142(7), L121-L123. doi:10.1149/1.2044337 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Quartarone, E., & Mustarelli, P. (2012). Polymer fuel cells based on polybenzimidazole/H3PO4. Energy & Environmental Science, 5(4), 6436. doi:10.1039/c2ee03055a | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Wang, L., Liu, Z., Ni, J., Xu, M., Pan, C., Wang, D., … Wang, L. (2019). Preparation and investigation of block polybenzimidazole membranes with high battery performance and low phosphoric acid doping for use in high-temperature fuel cells. Journal of Membrane Science, 572, 350-357. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2018.10.083 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Wang, L., Liu, Z., Liu, Y., & Wang, L. (2019). Crosslinked polybenzimidazole containing branching structure with no sacrifice of effective N-H sites: Towards high-performance high-temperature proton exchange membranes for fuel cells. Journal of Membrane Science, 583, 110-117. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2019.04.030 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Hu, M., Li, T., Neelakandan, S., Wang, L., & Chen, Y. (2020). Cross-linked polybenzimidazoles containing hyperbranched cross-linkers and quaternary ammoniums as high-temperature proton exchange membranes: Enhanced stability and conductivity. Journal of Membrane Science, 593, 117435. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117435 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Ni, J., Hu, M., Liu, D., Xie, H., Xiang, X., & Wang, L. (2016). Synthesis and properties of highly branched polybenzimidazoles as proton exchange membranes for high-temperature fuel cells. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 4(21), 4814-4821. doi:10.1039/c6tc00862c | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Qingfeng, L., Hjuler, H. A., & Bjerrum, N. J. (2001). Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 31(7), 773-779. doi:10.1023/a:1017558523354 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Samms, S. R., Wasmus, S., & Savinell, R. F. (1996). Thermal Stability of Proton Conducting Acid Doped Polybenzimidazole in Simulated Fuel Cell Environments. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 143(4), 1225-1232. doi:10.1149/1.1836621 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Ghosh, S., Maity, S., & Jana, T. (2011). Polybenzimidazole/silica nanocomposites: Organic-inorganic hybrid membranes for PEM fuel cell. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21(38), 14897. doi:10.1039/c1jm12169c | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Escorihuela, García-Bernabé, Montero, Andrio, Sahuquillo, Giménez, & Compañ. (2019). Proton Conductivity through Polybenzimidazole Composite Membranes Containing Silica Nanofiber Mats. Polymers, 11(7), 1182. doi:10.3390/polym11071182 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Fuentes, I., Andrio, A., García-Bernabé, A., Escorihuela, J., Viñas, C., Teixidor, F., & Compañ, V. (2018). Structural and dielectric properties of cobaltacarborane composite polybenzimidazole membranes as solid polymer electrolytes at high temperature. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 20(15), 10173-10184. doi:10.1039/c8cp00372f | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Özdemir, Y., Üregen, N., & Devrim, Y. (2017). Polybenzimidazole based nanocomposite membranes with enhanced proton conductivity for high temperature PEM fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42(4), 2648-2657. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.04.132 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Üregen, N., Pehlivanoğlu, K., Özdemir, Y., & Devrim, Y. (2017). Development of polybenzimidazole/graphene oxide composite membranes for high temperature PEM fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42(4), 2636-2647. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2016.07.009 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Reyes-Rodriguez, J. L., Escorihuela, J., García-Bernabé, A., Giménez, E., Solorza-Feria, O., & Compañ, V. (2017). Proton conducting electrospun sulfonated polyether ether ketone graphene oxide composite membranes. RSC Advances, 7(84), 53481-53491. doi:10.1039/c7ra10484g | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Escorihuela, J., Sahuquillo, Ó., García-Bernabé, A., Giménez, E., & Compañ, V. (2018). Phosphoric Acid Doped Polybenzimidazole (PBI)/Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Composite Membranes with Significantly Enhanced Proton Conductivity under Low Humidity Conditions. Nanomaterials, 8(10), 775. doi:10.3390/nano8100775 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Barjola, A., Escorihuela, J., Andrio, A., Giménez, E., & Compañ, V. (2018). Enhanced Conductivity of Composite Membranes Based on Sulfonated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) (SPEEK) with Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs). Nanomaterials, 8(12), 1042. doi:10.3390/nano8121042 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Escorihuela, J., Narducci, R., Compañ, V., & Costantino, F. (2018). Proton Conductivity of Composite Polyelectrolyte Membranes with Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Fuel Cell Applications. Advanced Materials Interfaces, 1801146. doi:10.1002/admi.201801146 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Liu, S., Zhou, L., Wang, P., Zhang, F., Yu, S., Shao, Z., & Yi, B. (2014). Ionic-Liquid-Based Proton Conducting Membranes for Anhydrous H2/Cl2 Fuel-Cell Applications. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 6(5), 3195-3200. doi:10.1021/am404645c | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Kallem, P., Eguizabal, A., Mallada, R., & Pina, M. P. (2016). Constructing Straight Polyionic Liquid Microchannels for Fast Anhydrous Proton Transport. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 8(51), 35377-35389. doi:10.1021/acsami.6b13315 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Escorihuela, J., García-Bernabé, A., Montero, Á., Sahuquillo, Ó., Giménez, E., & Compañ, V. (2019). Ionic Liquid Composite Polybenzimidazol Membranes for High Temperature PEMFC Applications. Polymers, 11(4), 732. doi:10.3390/polym11040732 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Li, Z., He, G., Zhang, B., Cao, Y., Wu, H., Jiang, Z., & Tiantian, Z. (2014). Enhanced Proton Conductivity of Nafion Hybrid Membrane under Different Humidities by Incorporating Metal–Organic Frameworks With High Phytic Acid Loading. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 6(12), 9799-9807. doi:10.1021/am502236v | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Tanaka, M., Takeda, Y., Wakiya, T., Wakamoto, Y., Harigaya, K., Ito, T., … Kawakami, H. (2017). Acid-doped polymer nanofiber framework: Three-dimensional proton conductive network for high-performance fuel cells. Journal of Power Sources, 342, 125-134. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.12.018 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Zeng, J., Zhou, Y., Li, L., & Jiang, S. P. (2011). Phosphotungstic acid functionalized silica nanocomposites with tunable bicontinuous mesoporous structure and superior proton conductivity and stability for fuel cells. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 13(21), 10249. doi:10.1039/c1cp20076c | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Zhou, Y., Yang, J., Su, H., Zeng, J., Jiang, S. P., & Goddard, W. A. (2014). Insight into Proton Transfer in Phosphotungstic Acid Functionalized Mesoporous Silica-Based Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 136(13), 4954-4964. doi:10.1021/ja411268q | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Zhai, & Li. (2019). Polyoxometalate–Polymer Hybrid Materials as Proton Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Applications. Molecules, 24(19), 3425. doi:10.3390/molecules24193425 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | YUAN, J., ZHOU, G., & PU, H. (2008). Preparation and properties of Nafion®/hollow silica spheres composite membranes. Journal of Membrane Science, 325(2), 742-748. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2008.08.050 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Zhang, X., Fu, X., Yang, S., Zhang, Y., Zhang, R., Hu, S., … Liu, Q. (2019). Design of sepiolite-supported ionogel-embedded composite membranes without proton carrier wastage for wide-temperature-range operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 7(25), 15288-15301. doi:10.1039/c9ta03666k | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Wang, S., Zhao, C., Ma, W., Zhang, G., Liu, Z., Ni, J., … Na, H. (2012). Preparation and properties of epoxy-cross-linked porous polybenzimidazole for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Journal of Membrane Science, 411-412, 54-63. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2012.04.011 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Bose, S., Kuila, T., Nguyen, T. X. H., Kim, N. H., Lau, K., & Lee, J. H. (2011). Polymer membranes for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell: Recent advances and challenges. Progress in Polymer Science, 36(6), 813-843. doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.01.003 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Choi, S.-W., Park, J., Pak, C., Choi, K., Lee, J.-C., & Chang, H. (2013). Design and Synthesis of Cross-Linked Copolymer Membranes Based on Poly(benzoxazine) and Polybenzimidazole and Their Application to an Electrolyte Membrane for a High-Temperature PEM Fuel Cell. Polymers, 5(1), 77-111. doi:10.3390/polym5010077 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Lu, Z., Lugo, M., Santare, M. H., Karlsson, A. M., Busby, F. C., & Walsh, P. (2012). An experimental investigation of strain rate, temperature and humidity effects on the mechanical behavior of a perfluorosulfonic acid membrane. Journal of Power Sources, 214, 130-136. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.04.094 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Yang, J., Li, Q., Cleemann, L. N., Xu, C., Jensen, J. O., Pan, C., … He, R. (2012). Synthesis and properties of poly(aryl sulfone benzimidazole) and its copolymers for high temperature membrane electrolytes for fuel cells. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 22(22), 11185. doi:10.1039/c2jm30217a | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Kumar B., S., Sana, B., Unnikrishnan, G., Jana, T., & Kumar K. S., S. (2020). Polybenzimidazole co-polymers: their synthesis, morphology and high temperature fuel cell membrane properties. Polymer Chemistry, 11(5), 1043-1054. doi:10.1039/c9py01403a | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Li, Q., Pan, C., Jensen, J. O., Noyé, P., & Bjerrum, N. J. (2007). Cross-Linked Polybenzimidazole Membranes for Fuel Cells. Chemistry of Materials, 19(3), 350-352. doi:10.1021/cm0627793 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Gao, C., Hu, M., Wang, L., & Wang, L. (2020). Synthesis and Properties of Phosphoric-Acid-Doped Polybenzimidazole with Hyperbranched Cross-Linkers Decorated with Imidazolium Groups as High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membranes. Polymers, 12(3), 515. doi:10.3390/polym12030515 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Sacco, A. (2017). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy: Fundamentals and application in dye-sensitized solar cells. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 79, 814-829. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.159 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Randviir, E. P., & Banks, C. E. (2013). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy: an overview of bioanalytical applications. Analytical Methods, 5(5), 1098. doi:10.1039/c3ay26476a | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Gomadam, P. M., & Weidner, J. W. (2005). Analysis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. International Journal of Energy Research, 29(12), 1133-1151. doi:10.1002/er.1144 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Nawn, G., Pace, G., Lavina, S., Vezzù, K., Negro, E., Bertasi, F., … Di Noto, V. (2014). Interplay between Composition, Structure, and Properties of New H3PO4-Doped PBI4N–HfO2 Nanocomposite Membranes for High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. Macromolecules, 48(1), 15-27. doi:10.1021/ma5018956 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Liu, F., Wang, S., Chen, H., Li, J., Tian, X., Wang, X., … Wang, Z. (2018). Cross-Linkable Polymeric Ionic Liquid Improve Phosphoric Acid Retention and Long-Term Conductivity Stability in Polybenzimidazole Based PEMs. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 6(12), 16352-16362. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b03419 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Vilčiauskas, L., Tuckerman, M. E., Bester, G., Paddison, S. J., & Kreuer, K.-D. (2012). The mechanism of proton conduction in phosphoric acid. Nature Chemistry, 4(6), 461-466. doi:10.1038/nchem.1329 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Bose, A. B., Gopu, S., & Li, W. (2014). Enhancement of proton exchange membrane fuel cells performance at elevated temperatures and lower humidities by incorporating immobilized phosphotungstic acid in electrodes. Journal of Power Sources, 263, 217-222. doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.04.043 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Crea, F., De Stefano, C., Milea, D., & Sammartano, S. (2008). Formation and stability of phytate complexes in solution. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 252(10-11), 1108-1120. doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2007.09.008 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Lu, J. L., Fang, Q. H., Li, S. L., & Jiang, S. P. (2013). A novel phosphotungstic acid impregnated meso-Nafion multilayer membrane for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Journal of Membrane Science, 427, 101-107. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2012.09.041 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Wang, S., Sun, P., Li, Z., Liu, G., & Yin, X. (2018). Comprehensive performance enhancement of polybenzimidazole based high temperature proton exchange membranes by doping with a novel intercalated proton conductor. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 43(21), 9994-10003. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.04.089 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Kim, A. R., Vinothkannan, M., Kim, J. S., & Yoo, D. J. (2017). Proton-conducting phosphotungstic acid/sulfonated fluorinated block copolymer composite membrane for polymer electrolyte fuel cells with reduced hydrogen permeability. Polymer Bulletin, 75(7), 2779-2804. doi:10.1007/s00289-017-2180-2 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Kim, A. R., Park, C. J., Vinothkannan, M., & Yoo, D. J. (2018). Sulfonated poly ether sulfone/heteropoly acid composite membranes as electrolytes for the improved power generation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Composites Part B: Engineering, 155, 272-281. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.08.016 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Agmon, N. (1995). The Grotthuss mechanism. Chemical Physics Letters, 244(5-6), 456-462. doi:10.1016/0009-2614(95)00905-j | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Kreuer, K.-D., Rabenau, A., & Weppner, W. (1982). Vehicle Mechanism, A New Model for the Interpretation of the Conductivity of Fast Proton Conductors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English, 21(3), 208-209. doi:10.1002/anie.198202082 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Xu, C., Cao, Y., Kumar, R., Wu, X., Wang, X., & Scott, K. (2011). A polybenzimidazole/sulfonated graphite oxide composite membrane for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21(30), 11359. doi:10.1039/c1jm11159k | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Rewar, A. S., Chaudhari, H. D., Illathvalappil, R., Sreekumar, K., & Kharul, U. K. (2014). New approach of blending polymeric ionic liquid with polybenzimidazole (PBI) for enhancing physical and electrochemical properties. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2(35), 14449. doi:10.1039/c4ta02184c | es_ES |
dc.description.references | He, R. (2003). Proton conductivity of phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole and its composites with inorganic proton conductors. Journal of Membrane Science, 226(1-2), 169-184. doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2003.09.002 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Bandara, T. M. W. J., Dissanayake, M. A. K. L., Albinsson, I., & Mellander, B.-E. (2011). Mobile charge carrier concentration and mobility of a polymer electrolyte containing PEO and Pr4N+I− using electrical and dielectric measurements. Solid State Ionics, 189(1), 63-68. doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2011.03.004 | es_ES |
dc.description.references | Compañ, V., Smith So/rensen, T., Diaz‐Calleja, R., & Riande, E. (1996). Diffusion coefficients of conductive ions in a copolymer of vinylidene cyanide and vinyl acetate obtained from dielectric measurements using the model of Trukhan. Journal of Applied Physics, 79(1), 403-411. doi:10.1063/1.360844 | es_ES |