Summary
     Tissue engineering consists of a multidisciplinary science that includes the fundamental principles of the materials engineering and molecular biology giving rise to the development of tissue and artificial organs. Specifically, bone tissue engineering has been the vanguard in this field. The combination of osteoblastic cells or in their defect cells that can be able to differentiate in bone tissue, together bioactive molecules and three-dimensional materials “scaffolds” makes of this technique a reality in bone repair and regeneration. It is the reason that the great challenge of this work has been the development of new materials based on polymeric polyester chains that can be useful in this application. The incorporation of hydrophilic units in its structures has allowed us to diminish the hydrophobic character and the high cristalinity of these materials, being allowed to include in the list of its properties (biocompatibility, good mechanical properties, etc.) the capacity to absorb water of controlled form, without lose the good cellular adhesion, increase its degradation rates and finally that the materials could be used in tissue engineering. In this sense, copolymers of caprolactone 2-(metacriloiloxi) etil ester (CLMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) with different contents were synthesized and characterized, seeking to improve the hydrophilicity of the system Also, we prepare scaffolds of this materials with interconnected pore structure and seeding on its goat marrow stromal cells differentiated to osteoblastic cells.
     Because, ?-caprolactone units did not comprise of the principal copolymeric chain, we synthesize new materials with these characteristics. Macromers of ?-caprolactona (mCL) and L-lactic (mLA) were obtained through sterification reaction of poly(?-caprolactone) diol and poly (L-lactic) diol with methacrylic anhidryde. The effective incorporation of the polymerizable end groups was assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H-NMR). The macromers were copolymerized with 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) seeking to tailor the hydrophilicity of the systems.
     On the other hand, copolymers of both macromers were obtained through radical copolymerization. The microstructure of the new systems and the network architecture were investigated.