[EN] During flowering plant reproduction, anthers produce pollen grains, the development of which is supported by the tapetum, a nourishing maternal tissue that also contributes non-cell-autonomously to the pollen wall, ...

[EN] The tapetum is a specialized layer of cells within the anther, adjacent to the sporogenous tissue. During its short life, it provides nutrients, molecules and materials to the pollen mother cells and microsporocytes, ...