- -

Seamless Outdoors-Indoors Localization Solutions on Smartphones: Implementation and Challenges

RiuNet: Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia

Compartir/Enviar a

Citas

Estadísticas

  • Estadisticas de Uso

Seamless Outdoors-Indoors Localization Solutions on Smartphones: Implementation and Challenges

Mostrar el registro sencillo del ítem

Ficheros en el ítem

dc.contributor.author Maghdid, Halgurd S. es_ES
dc.contributor.author Lami, Ihsan Alshahib es_ES
dc.contributor.author Ghafoor, Kayhan Zrar es_ES
dc.contributor.author Lloret, Jaime es_ES
dc.date.accessioned 2019-04-25T20:01:11Z
dc.date.available 2019-04-25T20:01:11Z
dc.date.issued 2016 es_ES
dc.identifier.issn 0360-0300 es_ES
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/10251/119574
dc.description © ACM, 2016. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of ACM for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in http://doi.org/10.1145/2871166
dc.description.abstract [EN] The demand for more sophisticated Location-Based Services (LBS) in terms of applications variety and accuracy is tripling every year since the emergence of the smartphone a few years ago. Equally, smartphone manufacturers are mounting several wireless communication and localization technologies, inertial sensors as well as powerful processing capability, to cater to such LBS applications. A hybrid of wireless technologies is needed to provide seamless localization solutions and to improve accuracy, to reduce time to fix, and to reduce power consumption. The review of localization techniques/technologies of this emerging field is therefore important. This article reviews the recent research-oriented and commercial localization solutions on smartphones. The focus of this article is on the implementation challenges associated with utilizing these positioning solutions on Android-based smartphones. Furthermore, the taxonomy of smartphone-location techniques is highlighted with a special focus on the detail of each technique and its hybridization. The article compares the indoor localization techniques based on accuracy, utilized wireless technology, overhead, and localization technique used. The pursuit of achieving ubiquitous localization outdoors and indoors for critical LBS applications such as security and safety shall dominate future research efforts. es_ES
dc.description.sponsorship This research was sponsored by Koya University, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. The authors also would like to thank Dr. Ali Al-Sherbaz (from the University of Northampton-UK) and Dr. Naseer Al-Jawad (from the University of Buckingham-UK) for providing and improving the quality of this article in terms of academic and technical writing. es_ES
dc.language Inglés es_ES
dc.publisher Association for Computing Machinery es_ES
dc.relation.ispartof ACM Computing Surveys es_ES
dc.rights Reserva de todos los derechos es_ES
dc.subject Smartphones localization es_ES
dc.subject Location-based services es_ES
dc.subject Localization techniques and technologies es_ES
dc.subject Smartphone measurements error es_ES
dc.subject Localization challenges es_ES
dc.subject.classification INGENIERIA TELEMATICA es_ES
dc.title Seamless Outdoors-Indoors Localization Solutions on Smartphones: Implementation and Challenges es_ES
dc.type Artículo es_ES
dc.identifier.doi 10.1145/2871166 es_ES
dc.rights.accessRights Abierto es_ES
dc.contributor.affiliation Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Comunicaciones - Departament de Comunicacions es_ES
dc.description.bibliographicCitation Maghdid, HS.; Lami, IA.; Ghafoor, KZ.; Lloret, J. (2016). Seamless Outdoors-Indoors Localization Solutions on Smartphones: Implementation and Challenges. ACM Computing Surveys. 48(4):1-34. https://doi.org/10.1145/2871166 es_ES
dc.description.accrualMethod S es_ES
dc.relation.publisherversion http://doi.org/10.1145/2871166 es_ES
dc.description.upvformatpinicio 1 es_ES
dc.description.upvformatpfin 34 es_ES
dc.type.version info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion es_ES
dc.description.volume 48 es_ES
dc.description.issue 4 es_ES
dc.relation.pasarela S\376260 es_ES
dc.contributor.funder Koya University
dc.description.references I. Adusei, K. Kyamakya, and K. Jobmann. 2002. Mobile positioning technologies in cellular networks: An evaluation of their performance metrics. Proceedings of MILCOM 2002. 2, 1239--1244. es_ES
dc.description.references Faiz Anuar and Ulrike Gretzel. 2011. Privacy concerns in the context of location-based services for tourism. In ENTER 2011 Conference, Innsbruck, Austria. es_ES
dc.description.references A. Bensky. 2008. Wireless Positioning Technologies and Applications. Artech House, Inc. Norwood, MA. es_ES
dc.description.references Azzedine Boukerche, Horacio A. B. F. Oliveira, Eduardo F. Nakamura, and Antonio A. F. Loureiro. 2007. Localization systems for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Wireless Communications 14, 6, 6--12. es_ES
dc.description.references Azzedine Boukerche, Horacio A. B. F. Oliveira, Eduardo F. Nakamura, and Antonio A. F. Loureiro. 2008. Secure localization algorithms for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Communications Magazine 46, 4, 96--101. es_ES
dc.description.references Azzedine Boukerche, Horacio A. B. F. Oliveira, Eduardo F. Nakamura, and Antonio A. F. Loureiro. 2008. Vehicular ad hoc networks: A new challenge for localization-based systems. Computer Communications 31, 12, 2838--2849. es_ES
dc.description.references M. Butler. 2011. Android: Changing the Mobile Landscape. PERVASIVE Computing 10, 1, 4--7. es_ES
dc.description.references J. Caffery and G. Stuber. 1998. Overview of radiolocation in CDMA cellular systems. IEEE Communications Magazine 36, 4, 38--45. es_ES
dc.description.references Suma S. Cherian and Ashok N. Rudrapatna. 2013. LTE location technologies and delivery solutions. Bell Labs Technical Journal 18, 2, 175--194. es_ES
dc.description.references M. Ciurana, D. Lopez, and F. Barcelo-Arroyo. 2009. SofTOA: Software ranging for TOA-based positioning of WLAN terminals. Location and Context Awareness 207--221. es_ES
dc.description.references Paul Craven, Ronald Wong, Neal Fedora, and Paul Crampton. 2013. Studying the Effects of Interference on GNSS Signals. International Technical Meeting. San Diego, California: The Institute of Navigation, 893--186. es_ES
dc.description.references D. Dardari, P. Closas, and P. M. Djuric. 2015. Indoor tracking: Theory, methods, and technologies. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 64, 4, 1263--1278. es_ES
dc.description.references Guido De Angelis, Giuseppe Baruffa, and Saverio Cacopardi. 2012. GNSS/Cellular hybrid positioning system for mobile users in urban scenarios. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 14, 1, 313--321. es_ES
dc.description.references Horacio Antonio Braga Fernandes De Oliveira, Azzedine Boukerche, Eduardo Freire Nakamura, and Antonio Alfredo Ferreira Loureiro. 2009. An efficient directed localization recursion protocol for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Computers 58, 5, 677--691. es_ES
dc.description.references Francescantonio Della Rosa, Mauro Pelosi, and Jari Nurmi. 2012. Human-induced effects on RSS ranging measurements for cooperative positioning. International Journal of Navigation and Observation 13. es_ES
dc.description.references Zhongliang Deng, Yanpei Yu, Xie Yuan, Neng Wan, and Lei Yang. 2013. Situation and development tendency of indoor positioning. China Communications 10, 3, 42--55. es_ES
dc.description.references Mohammed Elbes, Ala Al-Fuqaha, and Muhammad Anan. 2013. A precise indoor localization approach based on particle filter and dynamic exclusion techniques. Network Protocols and Algorithms 5, 2, 50--71. es_ES
dc.description.references R. Faragher and R. Harle. 2013. SmartSLAM--an efficient smartphone indoor positioning system exploiting machine learning and opportunistic sensing. In ION GNSS. es_ES
dc.description.references Zahid Farid, Rosdiadee Nordin, and Mahamod Ismail. 2013. Recent advances in wireless indoor localization techniques and system. Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 12. es_ES
dc.description.references S. A. Fayaz. 2013. Location service for wireless network using improved RSS-based cellular localisation. International Journal of Electronics 1--16. es_ES
dc.description.references C. Feng, W. Au, S. Valaee, and Z. Tan. 2010. Compressive sensing based positioning using RSS of WLAN access points. In 2010 Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, 1--9. es_ES
dc.description.references Ruijun Fu, Yunxing Ye, and K. Pahlavan. 2012. Heterogeneous cooperative localization for social networks with mobile devices. In IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC’12). es_ES
dc.description.references T. Gallagher, B. Li, A. Kealy, and A. Dempster. 2009. Trials of commercial Wi-Fi positioning systems for indoor and urban canyons. In IGNSS 2009 Symposium on GPS/GNSS. es_ES
dc.description.references T. Gallagher, E. Wise, B. Li, A. Dempster, C. Rizos, and E. Ramsey-Stewart. 2012. Indoor positioning system based on sensor fusion for the blind and visually impaired. In 2012 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN’12), 1--9. es_ES
dc.description.references Miguel Garcia, Diana Bri, Jesus Tomas, and Jaime Lloret. 2013. A cooperative decision making algorithm for wireless location systems using interlinking data. In 10th International Conference on Cooperative Design, Visualization and Engineering (CDVE’13). Mallorca, Spain. es_ES
dc.description.references Miguel Garcia, Fernando Boronat, Jesus Tomás, and Jaime Lloret. 2009. The development of two systems for indoor wireless sensors self-location. Ad Hoc & Sensor Wireless Networks 8, 3--4, 235--258. es_ES
dc.description.references A. Günther and C. Hoene. 2005. Measuring round trip times to determine the distance between wlan nodes. In Proceedings of Networking 2005. Springer, 768--779. es_ES
dc.description.references R. Hansen, R. Wind, C. Jensen, and B. Thomsen. 2009. Seamless indoor/outdoor positioning handover for location-based services in streamspin. In 10th International Conference on Mobile Data Management: Systems, Services and Middleware (MDM’09), 267--272. es_ES
dc.description.references R. Harle. 2013. A survey of indoor inertial positioning systems for pedestrians. In IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials 15, 3, 1281--1293. es_ES
dc.description.references A. Hassan and S. Khairulmizam. 2009. Integration of global positioning system and inertial navigation system with different sampling rate using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system. Science Journal 7, 98--106. es_ES
dc.description.references J. Hightower and G. Borriello. 2001. Location systems for ubiquitous computing. Computer 34, 8, 57--66. es_ES
dc.description.references C. Hoene and J. Willmann. 2008. Four-way TOA and software-based trilateration of IEEE 802.11 devices. In IEEE 19th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC’08), 1--6. es_ES
dc.description.references J. Huang, D. Millman, M. Quigley, D. Stavens, S. Thrun, and A. Aggarwal. 2011. Efficient, generalized indoor WiFi GRAPHSLAM. In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA’11), 1038--1043. es_ES
dc.description.references L. Hui, Y. Lei, and W. Yuanfei. 2010. UWB, Multi-sensors and WiFi-mesh based precision positioning for urban rail traffic. In Ubiquitous Positioning Indoor Navigation and Location Based Service (UPINLBS’10), 1--8. es_ES
dc.description.references Ihsan Alshahib Lami, S. Halgurd Maghdid, and Torben Kuseler. 2014. SILS: A smart indoors localization scheme based on on-the-go cooperative smartphones networks using onboard bluetooth, WiFi and GNSS. In Proceedings of the 27th International Technical Meeting of The Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+’14). Tampa, FL. es_ES
dc.description.references T. Iwase and R. Shibasaki. 2013. Infra-free indoor positioning using only smartphone sensors. In 2013 International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN’13). es_ES
dc.description.references S. Jin. 2012. Global Navigation Satellite Systems: Signal, Theory and Applications. In Tech. 438 pages. es_ES
dc.description.references K. Kalliola. 2008. Bringing navigation indoors. The Way We Live Next. Nokia. es_ES
dc.description.references J. Kim, J. Lee, and C. Park. 2008. A mitigation of line-of-sight by TDOA error modeling in wireless communication system. In International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS’08), 1601--1605. es_ES
dc.description.references S. Koenig, M. Schmidt, and C. Hoene. 2011. Multipath mitigation for indoor localization based on IEEE 802.11 time-of-flight measurements. In 2011 IEEE International Symposium on World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks (WoWMoM’11), 1--8. es_ES
dc.description.references N. Kohtake, S. Morimoto, S. Kogure, and D. Manandhar. 2011. Indoor and outdoor seamless positioning using indoor messaging system and GPS. In International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation (IPIN’11). es_ES
dc.description.references A. LaMarca, Y. Chawathe, S. Consolvo, J. Hightower, I. Smith, J. Scott, et al. 2005. Place lab: Device positioning using radio beacons in the wild. Pervasive Computing 301--306. es_ES
dc.description.references J. Lee, Z. Lin, P. Chin, and K. Yar. 2010. One way ranging time drift compensation for both synchronized and non-synchronized clocks. In 2010 International Conference on System Science and Engineering (ICSSE’10), 327--331. es_ES
dc.description.references Jae-Eun Lee and Sanguk Lee. 2010. Indoor initial positioning using single clock pseudolite system. In 2010 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC’10), 575--578. es_ES
dc.description.references B. Li, A. G. Dempster, and C. Rizos. 2010. Positioning in environments where GPS fails. FIG Congress, Sydney, Australia, 1--18. es_ES
dc.description.references D. Lim, S. Lee, and D. Cho. 2007. Design of an assisted GPS receiver and its performance analysis. In IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS’0), 1742--1745. es_ES
dc.description.references H. Liu, H. Darabi, P. Banerjee, and J. Liu. 2007. Survey of wireless indoor positioning techniques and systems. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews 37, 6, 1067--1080. es_ES
dc.description.references Kaikai Liu, Qiuyuan Huang, Wang Jiecong, Li Xiaolin, and D. O. Wu. 2013. Improving GPS service via social collaboration. In 2013 IEEE 10th International Conference on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS’13). es_ES
dc.description.references X. Liu, S. Zhang, J. Quan, and X. Lin. 2010. The experimental analysis of outdoor positioning system based on fingerprint approach. In 2010 12th IEEE International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT’13), 369--372. es_ES
dc.description.references Jaime Lloret, Jesus Tomas, Alejandro Canovas, and Irene Bellver. 2011. A geopositioning system based on WiFi networks. In The 7th International Conference on Networking and Services (ICNS’11). Venice, Italy. es_ES
dc.description.references Jaime Lloret, Jesus Tomás, Miguel Garcia, and Alejandro Cánovas. 2009. A hybrid stochastic approach for self-location of wireless sensors in indoor environments. Sensors 9, 5, 3695--3712. es_ES
dc.description.references Diego Lopez-de-Ipina, Bernhard Klein, Christian Guggenmos, Jorge Perez, and Guillermo Gil. 2011. User-Aware semantic location models for service provision. International Symposium on Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient Intelligence, Riviera Maya, Mexico. es_ES
dc.description.references Dimitrios Lymberopoulos, Jie Liu, Xue Yang, Romit Roy Choudhury, Vlado Handziski, and Souvik Sen. 2015. A realistic evaluation and comparison of indoor location technologies: Experiences and lessons learned. In Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks. ACM, New York, NY. es_ES
dc.description.references N. Mahiddin, N. Safie, E. Nadia, S. Safei, and E. Fadzli. 2012. Indoor position detection using WiFi and trilateration technique. The International Conference on Informatics and Applications (ICIA’12), 362--366. es_ES
dc.description.references T. Manodham, L. Loyola, and T. Miki. 2008. A novel wireless positioning system for seamless internet connectivity based on the WLAN infrastructure. Wireless Personal Communications 44, 3, 295--309. es_ES
dc.description.references Alex Mariakakis, Souvik Sen, Jeongkeun Lee, and Kyu-Han Kim. 2014. Single access point based indoor localization. In Proceedings of ACM MobiSys. es_ES
dc.description.references R. Mautz. 2009. The challenges of indoor environments and specification on some alternative positioning systems. In 6th Workshop on Positioning, Navigation and Communication (WPNC’09), 29--36. es_ES
dc.description.references M. Mock, R. Frings, E. Nett, and S. Trikaliotis. 2000. Clock synchronization for wireless local area networks. 12th Euromicro Conference on Real-Time Systems (Euromicro RTS’00), 183--189. es_ES
dc.description.references E. Mok. 2010. Using outdoor public WiFi and GPS integrated method for position updating of knowledge-based logistics system in dense high rise urban environments. 8th International Conference on Supply Chain Management and Information Systems (SCMIS’10), 1--4. es_ES
dc.description.references D. Niculescu and B. Nath. 2004. VOR base stations for indoor 802. 11 positioning. In Proceedings of the 10th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking 26, 58--69. es_ES
dc.description.references T. Oshin, S. Poslad, and A. Ma. 2012. Improving the energy-efficiency of GPS based location sensing smartphone applications. In IEEE 11th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom’12), 1698--1705. es_ES
dc.description.references R. Padilla. 2013. Apple retail stores to integrate iBeacon systems to assist with sales and services. Retrieved January 19, 2016 from http://www.macrumors.com/2013/11/16/apple-retail-stores-to-integrate-ibeacon-systems-to-assist-with-sales-and-services/. es_ES
dc.description.references D. Park and J. Park. 2011. An enhanced ranging scheme using WiFi RSSI measurements for ubiquitous location. In 1st ACIS/JNU International Conference on Computers, Networks, Systems and Industrial Engineering (CNSI’11), 296--301. es_ES
dc.description.references J. Partyka. 2012. A look at small indoor location competitors. GPS world. Available at: http://gpsworld.com/wirelesslook-small-indoor-location-competitors-13229/ {Last access January 31, 2016}. es_ES
dc.description.references L. Pei, R. Chen, J. Liu, Z. Liu, H. Kuusniemi, Y. Chen, et al. 2011. Sensor assisted 3D personal navigation on a smart phone in GPS degraded environments. In 19th International Conference on Geoinformatics, 1--6. es_ES
dc.description.references R. G. Priyanka Shah. 2012, May 01. Location based reminder using GPS for mobile (Android). ARPN Journal of Science and Technology 2, 4, 377--380. es_ES
dc.description.references C. Rizos, G. Roberts, J. Barnes, and N. Gambale. 2010. Locata: A new high accuracy indoor positioning system. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation, Zurich, Switzerland, 15--17. es_ES
dc.description.references R. Rowe, P. Duffett-Smith, M. Jarvis, and N. Graube. 2008. Enhanced GPS: The tight integration of received cellular timing signals and GNSS receivers for ubiquitous positioning. In IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium, 838--845. es_ES
dc.description.references A. Roxin, J. Gaber, M. Wack, and A. Nait-Sidi-Moh. 2007. Survey of wireless geolocation techniques. In IEEE Globecom Workshops, 1--9. es_ES
dc.description.references J. Ryoo, H. Kim, and S. Das. 2012. Geo-fencing: Geographical-fencing based energy-aware proactive framework for mobile devices. In IEEE 20th International Workshop on Quality of Service (IWQoS’12), 1--9. es_ES
dc.description.references Souvik Sen, Jeongkeun Lee, Kyu-Han Kim, and Paul Congdon. 2013. Avoiding multipath to revive inbuilding WiFi localization. In Proceeding of the 11th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services. ACM, New York, NY. es_ES
dc.description.references Sensewhere LTD. 2011. Geo-fence technology and applications. Indoor Location Technology Leaders. Available at: http://www.sensewhere.com/images/geowhereDatasheet_compressed.pdf {Last access January 31, 2016}. es_ES
dc.description.references I. Shafer and M. Chang L. 2010. Movement detection for power-efficient smartphone WLAN localization. In Proceedings of the 13th ACM International Conference on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems, ACM, New York, NY, 81--90. es_ES
dc.description.references Aaron Strout and Mike Schneider. 2011. Location Based Marketing For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ. es_ES
dc.description.references Fazli Subhan, Halabi Hasbullah, Azat Rozyyev, and Sheikh Tahir Bakhsh. 2011. Indoor positioning in Bluetooth networks using fingerprinting and lateration approach. In 2011 International Conference on Information Science and Applications (ICISA). es_ES
dc.description.references Daisuke Taniuchi, Xiaopeng Liu, Daisuke Nakai, and Takuya Maekawa. 2015. Spring model based collaborative indoor position estimation with neighbor mobile devices. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing 9, 2, 268--277. es_ES
dc.description.references CSRICIII Working Group 3. 2013. E9-1-1 Location Accuracy: Indoor Location Test Bed Report. San Jose CA: The Communications Security, Reliability and Interoperability Council III. https://transition.fcc.gov/bureaus/pshs/advisory/csric3/CSRIC_III_WG3_Report_March_%202013_ILTestBedReport.pdf {Last access January 31, 2016}. es_ES
dc.description.references Agoston Torok, Akos Nagy, Laszlo Kovats, and Peter Pach. 2014. DREAR-towards infrastructure-free indoor localization via dead-reckoning enhanced with activity recognition. In 8th International Conference on. Next Generation Mobile Apps, Services and Technologies (NGMAST’14). es_ES
dc.description.references D. McHoul. 2008. U-TDOA Enabling New Location-based Safety and Security Solutions. TruePosition-White Paper, USA, 1--10. es_ES
dc.description.references A. Waadt, G. Bruck, and P. Jung. 2009. An overview of positioning systems and technologies. In 2nd International Symposium on Applied Sciences in Biomedical and Communication Technologies (ISABEL’09), 1--5. es_ES
dc.description.references M. Weyn and F. Schrooyen. 2008. A Wi-Fi Assisted GPS Positioning Concept. ECUMICT, Ghent, Belgium. es_ES
dc.description.references S. Wibowo, M. Klepal, and D. Pesch. 2009. Time of flight ranging using off-the-self IEEE802. 11 WiFi tags. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Positioning and Context-Awareness (PoCA’09). es_ES
dc.description.references O. Woodman and R. Harle. 2008. Pedestrian localisation for indoor environments. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, 114--123. es_ES
dc.description.references Yinfeng Wu, Ligong Li, Yongji Ren, Kefu Yi, and Ning Yu. 2014. A RSSI localization algorithm and implementation for indoor wireless sensor networks. Adhoc & Sensor Wireless Networks 22, 2. es_ES
dc.description.references Zhuoling Xiao, Hongkai Wen, Andrew Markham, and Niki Trigoni. 2015. Robust pedestrian dead reckoning (R-PDR) for arbitrary mobile device placement. In International Conference on Indoor Positioning and Indoor Navigation. IEEE. es_ES
dc.description.references J. Xiong and K. Jamieson. 2011. ArrayTrack: A fine-grained indoor location system. RN 11, 19. es_ES
dc.description.references Yi Sun, Yubin Zhao, and J. Schiller. 2014. An autonomic indoor positioning application based on smartphone. In IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC’14). es_ES
dc.description.references M. Youssef, A. Youssef, C. Rieger, U. Shankar, and A. Agrawala. 2006. Pinpoint: An asynchronous time-based location determination system. In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services,165--176. es_ES
dc.description.references Haejung Yun, Dongho Han, and C. Choong Lee. 2013. Understanding the use of location-based service applications: Do privacy concerns matter? Journal of Electronic Commerce Research 14, 3, 215. es_ES
dc.description.references P. Zandbergen. 2009. Accuracy of iPhone locations: A comparison of assisted GPS, WiFi and cellular positioning. Transactions in GIS 13, s1, 5--25. es_ES
dc.description.references Y. Zhao, M. Li, and F. Shi. 2010. Indoor radio propagation model based on dominant path. International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 3, 3, 330--337. es_ES
dc.description.references S. Zirari, P. Canalda, and F. Spies. 2010. WiFi GPS based combined positioning algorithm. In IEEE International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Information Security (WCNIS’10), 684--688. es_ES


Este ítem aparece en la(s) siguiente(s) colección(ones)

Mostrar el registro sencillo del ítem