Menores que agreden a sus padres: factores psíquicos, sociales y educativos

Abstract

[EN] The rate at which the phenomenon of child-to-parent violence occurs appears to be increasing. In the present study a non-experimental, descriptive and transversal design was used. Data collection was made using surveys, psychological tests and questionnaires applied to parents, minors, at-risk youth counsellors and child adolescent mental health services professionals in the provinces of Zaragoza and Huesca, Spain. The main results are: the minors who committed child-to-parent violence were adolescent males; the victims were mostly mothers; this phenomenon did not occur more frequently in the immigrant population; more cases occurred in families with lower income levels; adoption may have been a characteristic feature of these families, but not the separation of the parents; these adolescents presented problems at school and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and also took drugs; intimate partner violence and child abuse were present. The application of different rehabilitation measures by the pertinent child protection services was verified. The most commonly used psychotherapy was family therapy; the number of minors on pharmacological treatment appeared to be high. The findings will serve as a guide for guiding intervention and tailor services to the needs of these children and their families[ES] La incidencia del fenómeno de la violencia filio-parental parece estar aumentando. Se ha utilizado un diseño descriptivo y transversal. La recogida de datos se ha realizado con encuestas, tests psicológicos y cuestionarios, aplicados a padres, menores, educadores de servicios sociales y profesionales de Salud Mental Infanto-Juvenil de Zaragoza y Huesca, España. Los principales resultados encontrados son: los menores agresores son varones adolescentes; la madre es la persona más agredida; existen más casos de familias con niveles socioeconómicos bajos; la adopción puede ser un elemento característico de estas familias, pero no, la separación de los padres; estos adolescentes presentan problemas escolares y trastorno de hiperactividad con déficit de atención, asimismo consumen drogas; la violencia de género y el maltrato infantil están presentes. Además, se ha comprobado que se aplican diferentes medidas rehabilitadoras siendo el modelo de psicoterapia más utilizado el sistémico familiar y parece elevado el número de menores con tratamiento farmacológico. Los hallazgos obtenidos servirán de guía para orientar la intervención y ajustar los servicios a las necesidades de estos menores y de sus familias