Integrating HBIM for the sustainable management of the M'zab Valley of Algeria: a digital approach to earthen heritage in arid climates

Abstract

[EN] Historic earthen settlements in the M'zab Valley face increasing risks due to material decay, climate stress and limited maintenance resources. This paper proposes an HBIM-based workflow designed to support sustainable conservation and decision-making for these UNESCO-listed ksour. The study combines photogrammetric surveying, parametric reconstruction and condition assessment within a single digital environment. The resulting HBIM model integrates geometric accuracy, material characterisation and a lightweight asset-management structure that links deterioration patterns with priority actions. The approach demonstrates how digital documentation can move beyond visualization to become a practical tool for preventive conservation, especially in arid climates where earthen architecture is highly vulnerable. The paper highlights methodological constraints, data gaps and local capacity needs, and offers recommendations for scalable implementation by heritage managers. The proposed workflow aims to improve long-term stewardship through accessible, interoperable and context-adapted digital practices.