Desarrollo y optimización de un sistema de depósitos de almacenaje de gas natural comprimido con materiales compuestos para combustible en vehículo tipo turismo

Abstract

[ES] Descripción de los objetivos del TFG: Este trabajo pretende realizar un estudio técnico-económico sobre la posibilidad de desarrollo de un sistema de depósitos fabricado con materiales compuestos reforzados con fibra para almacenaje de gas natural comprimido para el funcionamiento de un vehículo tipo turismo. Con ello, se pretende reducir el peso, aumentando la autonomía del vehículo. El trabajo se abordará desde un planteamiento multidisciplinar que contemple diseño, análisis resistente, costes, selección de materiales y fabricación.

Los objetivos parciales son: 1.- Pre-diseño y optimización de geometría y dimensiones del depósito a presión, bajo plataforma SolidWorks. 2.- Análisis de las condiciones de anclaje y estados tensionales, considerando los niveles de seguridad definidos por normativa. 3.- Realización de estudios estáticos, de gravedad y térmicos para el correcto dimensionamiento del depósito. 4.- Validación técnica de la solución propuesta. 5.- Estudio de fabricación y análisis de costes.

[EN] In the following work, a technical-economic study will be carried out on a deposit system to store compressed natural gas in a vehicle, with the aim of increasing the initial autonomy of the vehicle by 50% and reducing the weight of the additional deposits. This work consists on a short introduction about natural gas, ways of storing it, uses and historical evolution. This fuel has many unexploited reserves, low price due to taxes and, with regard to its missions, it is worthy to note that it emits up to 20% less CO2 than gasoline. Additionally, a brief description of composite materials is given in this work since this work explores the potential use of composite materials to manufacture a CNG fuel tank. It is important to remark that the use of composite materials is currently increasing and, in a near future, composite materials will substitute other materials in engineering applications. Then, a brief description about these tanks (shapes, geometry, pressures, cost, and so on), is given. Then, some objectives to achieve the main goal of the project are defined. Once the objectives are described, the total volume of compressed natural gas needed to increase the autonomy by 50% is calculated. After this, three potential dimensions for the tank are evaluated and finally, one of these dimensions is selected. Then three different materials are chosen according to regulations and various static and impact tests are carried out with finite element tools (FEM) with SolidWorks to select the material that best fits the requirements above mentioned. Finally, an economic study is carried out to assess costs and market price according to the amortization time and the number of pieces manufactured per year.