Diseño de un sistema acoplado de reactores que permite alternar etapas oxidativas y reductivas en el tratamiento de aguas

Abstract

[ES] El objetivo del presente TFG es construir us sistema acoplado de reactores que pretende combinar procesos oxidativos y reductivos en el tratamiento de efluentes acuosos contaminados. El proceso reductivo consistirá en un tratamiento con hierro cero valente (ZVI, del inglés zero valent iron). Para ello se utilizarán formas comerciales de lana de hierro comprimidas en un cartucho. La fase oxidativa consistirá en un proceso foto-Fenton que se llevará a cabo con el hierro lixiviado en el proceso anterior y con la adición de agua oxigenada en un reactor solar. Como contaminante modelo se empleará ácido nitrobenzoico. Será importante conseguir una correcta dosificación del oxidante, para asegurarnos que se consume prioritariamente en la fase oxidativa, y que cada uno de los procesos se desarrollen en rangos de pH adecuados.

[EN] The emission of emergent pollutants is a worldwide problem because conventional treatments do not ensure their elimination, so new ways of water purification are sought. One of the treatments that are being investigated are Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) that produce very oxidative radicals such as hydroxyl (OH•). Among these, the Foto-Fenton method stands out, which uses solar radiation as a source of energy for the degradation of pollutants with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In addition, there are reductive processes, these are capable of eliminating or degrading contaminants that AOP processes cannot, the most attractive method in this part is zerovalent iron (ZVI). An interesting option is to combine both, where the reductive process degrades the contaminant to a level where the oxidative process is able to eliminate it. In this project, a fixed bed reactor has been designed and assembled in which the reduction of the pollutant occurs and has been coupled to a CPC oxidative reactor to combine the two processes and its operation has been observed so that it can be studied in a near future as a source of research.