Análisis y mejora del sistema de ventilación en un centro comercial en Gävle (Suecia)

Abstract

[ES] Actualmente, debido al gran uso de energía en los países desarrollados, la Unión Europea ha aceptado unos objetivos para obtener ahorros en el consumo de energía. Un informe muestra que alrededor del 20% de la energía final usada en edificios no residenciales en Suecia, proviene de los sistemas de calefacción, ventilación y aire acondicionado (HVAC). Aunque los sistemas aumentan el ahorro de energía, es importante mantener las instalación y afirmar que el sistema está funcionando en su máximo punto de operación. Este proyecto tiene como objetivo obtener una mejor eficiencia en el sistema de ventilación en el centro comercial Galleria Nian, situado en Gävle. Para analizar el rendimiento del sistema de recuperación de calor, es necesario medir la temperature, velocidad, flujo másico y la presión a lo largo de la instalación. Por último, se espera conseguir el objetivo principal de reducir el consumo de energía y optimizar el rendimiento.

[EN] Currently, because of the large use of energy in developed countries, the European Union accepted some targets to obtain some savings in the energy use. A review showed that around 20 % of the final energy use in non-residential buildings in Sweden comes from heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems (HVAC). The main motivation of this project is found in the necessity to move towards a more sustainable buildings, making a responsible consumption of the energy. The research focuses on the heat recovery unit of the ventilation systems of a shopping centre in Gävle, Sweden. The aim is to assess the reasons generating low energy savings and thereupon, propose some measures to obtain a better efficiency in the systems. The analysis has performed as follows: studying the systems, facility conditions and operation point. To evaluate the efficiency of the heat recovery, it was necessary to measure the temperature, velocity, and mass flow within the installation using a thermo-anemometer, infrared thermometer and TA-Scope devices. Lastly, all the collected information was considered to achieve the results. Finally, it has found that leakages generating heat losses and the incorrect airflow running the ducts are the main problem for low efficiency. The study concludes that replace the isolation in some systems and make an adjustment of the airflows and fluid in the pipes, help to increase the efficiency. These measures allow to increase as maximum in 24 % the energy savings from the current conditions. To conclude it has achieved the target of the project increasing the energy savings.