Modelo de negocio para la recuperación de estruvita a partir de purines de cerdo

Abstract

[ES] El objetivo principal de este Trabajo fin de máster (TFM) es formular un modelo de negocio para la producción de estruvita a partir del tratamiento de deyecciones ganaderas a pequeña escala. La investigación del mercado potencial y clientes objetivo incluye la elaboración de un mapa de empatía que evalúa lo que pueden ver, pensar, oír y hacer los clientes potenciales del proceso de recuperación de fósforo, incluyendo entre ellos a agricultores y ganaderos con cierta capacidad de innovación y sensibilidad ambiental. Se aplicaron modelos de formulación estratégica (Design Thinking y Modelo Lean Canvas) al estudio de viabilidad de la reutilización de purines de cerdo y otros influentes orgánicos para la cristalización de estruvita. El estudio se sitúa en el marco del proyecto internacional Interreg RE-LIVE WASTE, orientado a un enfoque circular de valorización de residuos ganaderos, en países del Mediterráneo europeo. La formulación del modelo de negocio tiene en cuenta la complejidad del problema y la necesaria colaboración de agentes implicados. Se cuenta con la colaboración de un grupo interdisciplinar en el que participaron una organización profesional agraria, una cooperativa ganadera, un centro de investigación, una fundación ambientalista y un socio tecnológico. Se aportan también datos de una experiencia piloto que consiste en una planta de tratamiento capaz de procesar 40 m3 de purín líquido al día para la producción del precipitado.

[EN] The concentration of pig farms in some territories can induce soil and water pollution derived from the surplus of nutrients. A classic way out is the agronomic recovery of manure as a fertilizer. This process is complex due to the livestock concentration in some areas that makes its agricultural application difficult due to the costs of handling and transporting the slurry. The main objective of this study is to formulate a business model to produce struvite from the treatment of small-scale livestock manure. The research of the potential market and target customers included the development of an empathy map that considers what potential clients of the P recovery process can see, think, hear and do, including farmers with some capacity for innovation and environmental concern. Strategic formulation models (Design Thinking and Lean Canvas Model) were applied to the feasibility study of the reutilization of pig slurry and other organic influents for struvite crystallization. The study was carried out within the framework of the international project Interreg RE-LIVE WASTE, aimed at following a circular approach to the valorisation of livestock waste, in European Mediterranean countries. The pilot experience consists of a treatment plant capable of processing 40m 3 of liquid slurry per day to produce the struvite precipitate. For this, a technology is proposed that largely reuses and improves previous installations and adapts to the needs of small users. Net treatment costs are estimated to be between €0.1/m3 in the most favourable scenario and €5.7/m3 in the most unfavourable scenario. The formulation of the business model considers the complexity of the problem and the necessary collaboration of the agents involved. The model was supported by an interdisciplinary group in which an agricultural professional organization, a livestock cooperative, a research centre, an environmental foundation, and a technological partner. The study has an informative and pedagogical interest in that it illustrates how a pilot plant can be designed, improving another pre-existing treatment plant with a limited investment cost. The first tests have validated the effectiveness of the process and raised some questions about its commercial viability, considering regulatory issues and the need for more tests. The dissemination of the project contributes to raising awareness of the opportunities offered by a circular approach in areas of high livestock density and excess nutrients.