Estudio de la sensibilidad del PVA utilizado como aglutinante pictórico frente a las limpiezas acuosas

Abstract

[ES] En los estudios de conservación y restauración de arte pictórico contemporáneo los aglutinantes sintéticos basados en polímeros acrílicos han sido estudiados exhaustivamente mientras que a estos otros de tipo acetato de polivinilo se les ha dedicado menor atención. Por este motivo se propone esta investigación que se centra en la evaluación de los efectos de las limpiezas acuosas sobre este tipo de aglutinantes que también han sido abundantemente utilizados por artistas del siglo XX. A tal fin se ha programado una serie de experimentos que permitan evaluar el comportamiento de estas pinturas frente a sistemas disolventes acuosos. Los ensayos han sido llevados a cabo sobre probetas pictóricas de 10 años de antigüedad preparadas con pinturas PVA comerciales y pinturas elaborada ad hoc con dosificaciones, aglutinantes PVA y pigmentos de referencia. Para efectuar la evaluación de la eficiencia de las limpiezas y sus posibles efectos adversos sobre las pinturas se ha planificado una serie de ensayos a saber, cambios micromorfológicos (FESEM, MO), absorción y retención de agua, medición de pH, conductividad y caracterización química por espectroscopía FTIR.

[EN] Contemporary and synthetic binding mediums based on acrylic polymers have been widely studied while the polyvinyl acetate type mediums have not been given such attention. As a result, this research aim is to evaluate the effects aqueous cleaning methods have in this type of paint films that have been widely used by artists during the 20th century. The project involves a series of experiments that allow us to evaluate the behaviour of this materials when exposed to aqueous cleaning methods. Those experiments have been conducted onto paint films naturally aged for more than ten years and consist in a wide selection of industrial artist paints, manufactured mixtures with specific pigments and dosages and pure medium. To asses the efficiency of this cleaning method and its adverse side effects the paint films will be subjected to a series of tests, like: Micro-morphological changes (FESEM and OM), water absorption and retention, pH and conductivity measurements and chemical characterization by FTIR spectroscopy.

[CA] Contemporary and synthetic binding mediums based on acrylic polymers have been widely studied while the polyvinyl acetate type mediums have not been given such attention. As a result, this research aim is to evaluate the effects aqueous cleaning methods have in this type of paint films that have been widely used by artists during the 20th century. The project involves a series of experiments that allow us to evaluate the behaviour of this materials when exposed to aqueous cleaning methods. Those experiments have been conducted onto paint films naturally aged for more than ten years and consist in a wide selection of industrial artist paints, manufactured mixtures with specific pigments and dosages and pure medium. To asses the efficiency of this cleaning method and its adverse side effects the paint films will be subjected to a series of tests, like: Micro-morphological changes (FESEM and OM), water absorption and retention, pH and conductivity measurements and chemical characterization by FTIR spectroscopy.