Optimización del uso de la energía solar fotovoltaica en casas familiares

Abstract

[EN] In the actual world energy and environmental context, reducing emissions of greenhouse gases and polluting substances has become a major objective. The exploitation of alternative and renewable energy sources used jointly and the reduced dependence on fossil fuels condemned to run out are part of the solution. The sun is clearly a renewable energy source with enormous potential that can be used with maximum respect for the environment. This has led many countries to develop energy transition plans that abandon conventional "dirty" energy sources and opt for renewable energies in favour of decarbonisation. Among the different systems using renewable energy sources, those based on photovoltaic technologies are very promising because of their intrinsic qualities: they have very low operating costs and limited maintenance needs, they are reliable, do not produce noise and are easy to install. Households are one of the main sources of energy consumption in each country. Analysing the adoption of photovoltaic systems for generating clean energy in homes is one of the targets of this thesis and thus determine the demand for primary energy that can be replaced. The thesis evaluates and compares this study within the European policies and those of the countries to be compared, Hungary and Spain. The development of the work requires the understanding of the functioning of this solar technology, as well as the understanding and analysis of all the elements that intervene both directly and indirectly in it. The climate analysis and the analysis of the building typology of each country have a great influence on the evaluation, which uses tools such as PVGIS, Tabula and Episcope webtools, and through a common calculation methodology between the countries derived from Kaltschmitt the usable rooftop area of the buildings is computed. From the axes of sustainability, the economic and the environmental, the different alternatives of energy replacement for the optimization of the use of the solar energy are valued.

[ES] Con el siguiente trabajo final de grado que se presenta, se ha realizado un estudio exhaustivo del potencial de la energía solar fotovoltaica a nivel doméstico en las ciudades de Pécs, situada en Hungría y Valencia, localizada en España, además de comparar los resultados obtenidos desde los ejes principales de la sostenibilidad; el humano, el económico y el medioambiental.

Dentro del contexto de las políticas europeas y las propias de los países de estudio respecto a la transición energética, se analiza la adopción de los sistemas fotovoltaicos de generación de energía limpia en las viviendas, uno de los principales focos de consumo energético en los países. A través de estudios climáticos y de la tipología edificatoria, apoyados por herramientas como PVGIS, Tabula y Episcope, y mediante una metodología de cálculo común entre los países, se valoran las distintas alternativas de reemplazo energético para la optimización de la utilización de la energía solar fotovoltaica.