Resumen:
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[EN] This paper presents the study of the different possibilities for the energy recovery from the water
distribution systems with the application of micro hydraulic turbines, including a case study from an
economical ...[+]
[EN] This paper presents the study of the different possibilities for the energy recovery from the water
distribution systems with the application of micro hydraulic turbines, including a case study from an
economical point of view of a micro hydro power plant, with the purpose of choosing the most profitable
installation from an initial investment. This case study will compare different types of turbines, with
different working conditions in the micro hydro power plant, in order to gather different conclusions.
Nowadays, with the rising of the renewable energies, and the importance of the hydropower, how to
optimize the water transmission and distribution system is an important concern, especially for Switzerland.
The micro hydro power plants will play a big role in the hydropower generation in Switzerland in the next
30 years and is extremely important to analyze the turbines performance in this kind of work environment.
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[ES] El trabajo de fin de grado (bachelor thesis) asignado por la HSLU de Lucern, Suiza, consiste principalmente en el análisis y la factibilidad de la instalación de hidro turbinas en sistemas de distribución y suplemento ...[+]
[ES] El trabajo de fin de grado (bachelor thesis) asignado por la HSLU de Lucern, Suiza, consiste principalmente en el análisis y la factibilidad de la instalación de hidro turbinas en sistemas de distribución y suplemento de agua, principalmente en zonas residenciales.
Con el aumento del empleo de las energías renovables, y la importancia de la energía hidráulica (altamente empleada en Suiza, país de estudio), existe una corriente que busca optimizar la recuperación de energía en todos los posibles puntos de distribución del agua. El posible empleo de incorporar turbinas hidráulicas en puntos clave, así como la posible sustitución de las válvulas por estas para recuperación de energía resulta interesante, pero tiene sus posibles complicaciones.
El objetivo del proyecto es analizar en la posibilidad de instalación de estas turbinas y sus posibles complicaciones, además de la selección de la tipologia de turbina óptima para los sistemas de distribución y casos de estudio, considerando tanto la eficiencia de las propias turbinas, el rango de operación de las diferentes variables que intervienen, así como la rentabilidad económica y posibles problemas medioambientales surgidos del empleo o instalación de las turbinas en los sistemas de distribución.
Entre los diferentes objetivos, a menor escala, se encuentran:
-Determinación de las condiciones de caudal y parámetros típicos en los sistemas de distribución de agua, tales como el caudal o la diferencia de presión (head) de las válvulas. (Condiciones de trabajo que tendrán las propias turbinas posteriormente).
-Factibilidad y análisis de instalación de las turbinas hidráulicas en dichos parámetros de trabajo, teniendo en cuenta la variabilidad de estos.
-Análisis y comparación de las diferentes tipologias de turbinas posibles a emplear en los sistemas de distribución.
-Selección de casos pilotos reales para el estudio.
-Conclusiones, problemas surgidos, estudio económico, estudio medioambiental...
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[EN] Harvesting renewable energy from the water distribution systems would be an attractive option. A conduit hydropower project can be constructed on existing water conveyance structures such as pressurized pipelines or ...[+]
[EN] Harvesting renewable energy from the water distribution systems would be an attractive option. A conduit hydropower project can be constructed on existing water conveyance structures such as pressurized pipelines or irrigation canals that deliver water to municipalities, industry, or agricultural water users. Micro-hydropower can be used in order to improve the energetic efficiency of existent water transmission and distribution systems. In the particular case of drinking water systems, several studies have showed that pressure-reducing valves can be by-passed with turbines in order to recover the dissipated hydraulic energy to produce electricity. The addition of hydropower to existing water conduits some of which constitute aging infrastructure that is becoming more expensive to maintain, can provide a reliable new source of clean and renewable energy.
As conventional hydro-turbines are not cost- and efficiency effective for power under 20 kW and for the operation with counter (or back) -pressure (in order to supply the drinking water system, a counter-pressure at the exit of the hydro-turbine is required), a new Francis type hydro-turbine is developed and tested during a previous research project at HSLU. Having showed promising potential for the efficiency, this turbine should further be evaluated to estimate the potential for energy production in a real case study of a water distribution system with comparisons to other turbine alternatives such as counter pressure impulse (Pelton) turbine and pump as turbine (PAT).
The thesis work will first analyze the feasibility of installing hydro-turbines in water supply networks under variable flow rates. Second aim of the project is a proper hydro-turbine selection for the water distribution systems considering efficiency and operating range as well as evaluating reliability, economic issues and environmental impact.
Project aims:
• Determination of the typical flow conditions and parameters in water supply networks such as flow rate and head (pressure difference) where currently pressure reduction or regulation valves are installed.
• Feasibility analysis of the installation of hydro-turbines in water supply networks under variable flow rates.
• Analysis and comparison of different hydro-turbine alternatives such as micro Francis turbine, Pelton turbine with backpressure, PAT (pump as turbine), for potential application in water supply networks.
• Selection of a pilot project for an evaluation (feasibility analysis) and of the installation of a hydro-turbine in a water supply network (case study).
• Determination of operational issues, reliability, regulation, and environmental impact of the installation of a hydro-turbine in a water supply network.
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[AL] In diesem Artikel werden die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten der Energierückgewinnung aus den
Wasserverteilungssystemen unter Anwendung von Mikrohydraulikturbinen untersucht, einschließlich einer
Fallstudie aus ...[+]
[AL] In diesem Artikel werden die verschiedenen Möglichkeiten der Energierückgewinnung aus den
Wasserverteilungssystemen unter Anwendung von Mikrohydraulikturbinen untersucht, einschließlich einer
Fallstudie aus wirtschaftlicher Sicht eines Kleinwasserkraftwerks, mit dem Ziel, aus einer Erstinvestition
die rentabelste Anlage/Installation auszuwählen. In dieser Fallstudie werden verschiedene Turbinentypen
mit unterschiedlichen Arbeitsbedingungen im Kleinwasserkraftwerk verglichen, um unterschiedliche
Schlussfolgerungen zu ziehen. Angesichts des Anstiegs der erneuerbaren Energien und der Bedeutung der
Wasserkraft ist es heute insbesondere für die Schweiz ein wichtiges Anliegen, das Wasserübertragungsund -verteilungssystem zu optimieren. Die Kleinwasserkraftwerke werden in den nächsten 30 Jahren eine
große Rolle bei der Wasserkrafterzeugung in der Schweiz spielen und sind äußerst wichtig für die Analyse
der Turbinenleistung in einem solchen Arbeitsumfeld.
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