Técnicas de digitalización para el levantamiento gráfico y de diagnóstico mediante pruebas no destructivas para el estudio de lesiones en el patrimonio construido

Abstract

[EN]Historic buildings and heritage elements located in urban or rural environments are studied for the detection of the degradation of their materials and the characterization of their geometry.Due to the complex structures and constructions that are part of the Cultural Heritage, currently, without the help of advanced instruments and techniques in the collection of digital data, the representation of this falls into an idealized simplification, often ignoring geometry, hidden spaces and specific details.There are numerous tests that facilitate the examination and analysis of Building of Cultural Interest and systems without damaging them or affecting their integrity. They are called non-destructive tests, such as short-range photogrammetry, terrestrial 3D scanner and / or structured light, among others.The technique used should be chosen according to the object or building to be studied, that is, the morphological characteristics, workspace, the expected level of detail, the execution time and the metric quality of the final result, among others, are fundamental parameters that determine the most appropriate working technique.Therefore, this article analyzes and compares several of the digitization techniques, and the data obtained in each of them, on the Heritage applied to Building of Cultural Interest such as "La Puerta de la Colada" of the walls of Ciudad Rodrigo (Salamanca, Spain), the Castle of Sagunto (Valencia, Valencia, Spain) and "Salón de Reinos" of Prado Museum (Madrid, Spain). All the examples presented have been the subject of an exhaustive analysis and subsequent intervention for its consolidation and restoration, so the techniques used have been chosen depending on the subsequent intervention to be carried out.