Plastic Waste and Artistic Creation. A Case Study Model for Participatory Public Space Installations

Abstract

[EN] The growing concern about pollution caused by petroleum-derived plastics represents one of the most pressing environmental challenges globally today. The widespread use of plastics in a wide range of products, combined with inadequate waste management, has led to massive accumulation of these materials in natural environments such as oceans, rivers, soils, and various ecosystems. This issue not only affects biodiversity and the quality of life for communities but also raises ethical and sustainability questions for present and future generations. In this context of environmental urgency, it is necessary to explore and promote innovative and sustainable solutions that comprehensively address the plastics issue and foster a culture of reduction, reuse, and recycling. Within this framework, art emerges as a powerful tool capable of raising awareness, driving social and environmental transformation, and inspiring significant changes in individual and collective practices. The article focuses on developing an evaluation model for Participatory Public Art that uses plastic waste as an artistic material. This approach, known as Upcycling or Supra-recycling, aims primarily at creatively reusing plastics in artistic creations. In addition to their aesthetic function, these artworks convey the intent of delivering education about sustainability, responsible consumption, and waste management. This study examines how art can be an effective tool in addressing global environmental challenges by transforming waste into artistic and educational resources. To support and enrich this study, various theoretical currents and disciplines are employed, ranging from environmental sociology to social psychology and cultural ecology. Among the relevant theories and approaches are Stern et al.'s (1999) "Theory of values, norms, and beliefs towards the environment," which provides a conceptual framework for understanding how attitudes and behaviors toward the natural environment are constructed and transformed. Also considered is Mead's (1932) "Social psychology of objects," which explores the relationship between individuals, objects, and personal identity in the context of contemporary society. Furthermore, Thompson's (1979) "Theory of waste" is addressed, analyzing the evolution of the social value of objects, including waste, in the context of material culture and consumption. The methodology proposed for evaluating these participatory art projects is based on a set of fundamental variables that cover aspects such as the degree of community participation in creating the artworks, the innovative selection and use of plastic materials, the environmental impact of artistic installations, integration with the urban or natural environment, as well as the thematic and symbolic message conveyed by the artworks to the audience. This evaluation model not only seeks to assess the aesthetic and conceptual quality of the artworks but also their social, educational, and environmental impact. From a broader perspective, this approach of Participatory Public Art focused on creatively reusing plastic waste represents a unique opportunity to transform perceptions and practices related to waste and consumption in our society. In summary, this article addresses the crucial role that art plays, especially when integrated into participatory projects that involve creatively reusing plastic waste. It examines how this approach can be fundamental in raising awareness, educating, and mobilizing society towards more sustainable and conscious practices.

In addition to its impact in the artistic realm, this approach significantly contributes to building a culture of respect and care for the environment and natural resources.