Resumen:
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[ES] En el presente trabajo final de máster se ha desarrollado por primera vez una metodología
sintética para la hidrodesoxigenación selectiva de imidas N-heterocíclicas a las
correspondientes lactamas. Para llevar a ...[+]
[ES] En el presente trabajo final de máster se ha desarrollado por primera vez una metodología
sintética para la hidrodesoxigenación selectiva de imidas N-heterocíclicas a las
correspondientes lactamas. Para llevar a cabo este propósito, se ha empleado un material
bimetálico nanoestructurado basado en agregados bimetálicos de plata y renio de relación
equimolar homogéneamente dispersos sobre una matriz de -alúmina, [AgRe/Al2O3],
previamente desarrollado en el grupo de investigación. Más específicamente, durante el
desarrollo experimental de este trabajo se han sintetizado una diversidad de imidas N-
heterocíclicas (basadas en piridina principalmente), a partir de la reacción de condensación
de diversos anhídridos cíclicos y aminas, que posteriormente, han sido sometidas a las
condiciones de hidrogenación optimizadas. Todo ello, ha dado lugar a la obtención de hasta 9
lactamas distintas conteniendo fragmentos N-heterocíclicos de tipo piridina, anillo el cual ha
permanecido inalterado bajo las condiciones hidrogenativas de reacción empleadas. A su vez,
se ha podido demostrar que el sistema catalítico [AgRe/Al2O3], resulta estable y reutilizable
en hasta 5 ciclos de reacción consecutivos, y se ha observado, la existencia de un efecto de
grupo director proveniente del átomo de nitrógeno de la piridina presente en la ftalimida de
partida, el cual dirige la selectividad hacia la hidrogenación del grupo carbonilo próximo al
mismo. Finalmente, se ha podido constatar que, en este efecto director, tanto los centros de
plata como de renio soportados sobre la matriz de alúmina se encuentran directamente
implicados.
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[EN] In the present master's thesis, a synthetic methodology for the selective hydrodeoxygenation of N-heterocyclic imides has been developed for the first time.
for the selective hydrodeoxygenation of N-heterocyclic ...[+]
[EN] In the present master's thesis, a synthetic methodology for the selective hydrodeoxygenation of N-heterocyclic imides has been developed for the first time.
for the selective hydrodeoxygenation of N-heterocyclic imides to the corresponding lactams.
corresponding lactams. To achieve this purpose, a bimetallic nanostructured bimetallic
nanostructured bimetallic material based on bimetallic silver and rhenium aggregates of equimolar ratio homogeneously dispersed
homogeneously dispersed on a ɣ-alumina matrix, [AgRe/Al2O3],
previously developed in the research group. More specifically, during the experimental
experimental development of this work, a variety of N-heterocyclic imides have been synthesized.
heterocyclic imides (mainly based on pyridine) have been synthesized from the condensation reaction
of various cyclic anhydrides and amines, which were subsequently subjected to the optimized hydrogenation conditions.
optimized hydrogenation conditions. All this has given rise to the obtaining of up to 9 different lactams containing fragments N
containing N-heterocyclic pyridine-type pyridine fragments, a ring which has remained unaltered under the
remained unaltered under the hydrogenation reaction conditions employed. At the same time,
it has been demonstrated that the [AgRe/Al2O3] catalytic system is stable and reusable in up to 5 consecutive reaction cycles.
up to 5 consecutive reaction cycles, and it has been observed the existence of a directing group effect from the atom of the
the existence of a directing group effect from the nitrogen atom of the pyridine present in the starting phthalimide, which directs the
which directs the selectivity towards the hydrogenation of the carbonyl group next to it. Finally, it has been found that, in this directing effect, both the silver and rhenium centers supported on the alumina matrix are directly located on the alumina matrix.
and rhenium centers supported on the alumina matrix are directly involved in this directing effect.
directly involved.
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