Energy partitioning and substrate oxidation by Murciano-Granadina goats during mid lactation fed soy hulls and corn gluten feed blend as a replacement for corn grain

Abstract

The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of substituting corn grain by soy hulls and corn gluten feed blend on energy partitioning, substrate oxidation, and milk performance in dairy goats during mid lactation. Ten multiparous Murciano-Granadina goats in mid lactation were fed 2 isoenergetic and isoproteic diets [19.08 MJ/kg of dry matter (DM) and 18.7% of CP, DM basis] in a crossover design. One group of 5 goats was fed a mixed ration with 373 g of corn grain/kg of DM (CRN diet) and the other diet replaced corn grain with 373 g/kg DM of fibrous by-products [soy hulls and gluten feed (SHGF) diet]: 227 g of soy hulls/kg of DM and 146 g of gluten feed blend/kg DM. Fat was added to the SHGF diet to make it isoenergetic. After 10 d of adaptation, the feed intake, refusal, total fecal and urine output, and milk yield were recorded daily over a 5-d period. Then, gas exchange measurements were recorded by a mobile open-circuit respirometry system using a head box for 10 d. Dry matter intake was similar for both diets (2.07 kg/d, on average). Greater and significant values were found in the SHGF diet for ammonia N, energy in urine, and oxidation of protein. Values were significantly lower for heat production of fermentation, indicating a decrease in rumen fermentation with this diet, probably due to an excess of crude protein in the diet and lack of synchronization of the nonfiber carbohydrates with rumen-degraded protein. The metabolizable energy intake was no different between CRN and SHGF treatments, with an average value of 1,444 kJ/kg of BW0.75. Due to the positive energy balance during mid lactation in this trial, most of the heat production from oxidation of nutrients derived from carbohydrate oxidation (55%, on average), followed by oxidation of fat (29%, on average). No significant differences were observed for milk production, although milk fat was significantly greater for the SHGF diet than the CRN diet (7.0 vs. 5.4%, respectively). Despite the different starch levels and fibrous content used in these mixed diets, no significant differences for the efficiency of use of metabolizable energy for late lactation were observed (0.63, on average). An average nutritive value of 7.52 MJ of net energy of lactation/kg of DM was obtained. This fibrous by-product was utilized by lactating goats without detrimental effect on energy metabolism and resulted in similar performance to grain bases diet. The economic advantages and sustainability of this choice should be evaluated.