Application of radial basis functions compared to neural networks to predict air pollution

Abstract

This paper studies the application of radial basis functions to predict nitrogen oxides 24 hours in advance. The forecast interval was chosen for practical regulatory reasons. The two study areas are in Valencia (Spain), where these pollutants have reached critical levels, and there has been a significant connection between them and several health problems. The models use as inputs hourly nitrogen oxides concentrations, traffic, meteorological data, and periodic components (sine and cosine terms for the daily and weekly cycles). In one monitoring station the most accurate nitric oxide predictions were obtained when the radial basis function model included as inputs all these variables. In this site the forecast evaluation criteria gave better results for nitrogen dioxide prediction than for nitric oxide. In the other monitoring station, better predictions were obtained for nitric oxides than for nitrogen dioxide. There were differences in the forecasts accuracy between sites. The results are compared with the forecasts obtained with multilayer perceptron neural networks. Nitrogen dioxide predictions were more accurate with the multilayer perceptron approach at one of the sites.