Análisis de riesgo ambiental aplicado a una empresa de almacenamiento y distribución de gases industriales

Abstract

[EN] Through this thesis will be developed an Environmental Risk Analysis in a company dedicated to the storage and distribution of industrial gases, located in the municipality of Puçol - Valencia, specifically in the Campo Aníbal industrial estate. According to comply with Law 26/2007 of October 23 of Environmental Responsibility, and being an industry that is subject to the application of Royal Decree 1254/1999, of July 16, by which the control measures were approved of the risks inherent in major accidents with hazardous substances. This law is intended to regulate the responsibility to prevent, avoid and repair environmental damage, in accordance with Article 45 of the Constitution and with the principles of prevention and "polluter pays". The cause of the pollution, even if it has not committed any administrative infraction, will be in charge of the total restoration of the environmental impact, reason why it will not be a mere economic indemnification. Using the methodology proposed by MAPFRE in the third quarter of 2007, which includes the analysis of sources of risk, primary control systems, transport system and vulnerable receivers, an Environmental Risk Value or Index will be obtained. This will allow the risk assessment as a post-analysis process, through which a decision is made, in areas to reduce or eradicate the risks analyzed that generate considerable environmental damages. Such as, environmental risk analysis, risk, frequency / probability, accidental scenario. In conclusion, by means of this thesis, it is expected that the companies of storage and distribution of industrial gases increase both the safety of industry and the environment, based specifically on the protection of the environment.

El objetivo del presente trabajo es desarrollar una metodología y su aplicación al análisis de riesgo ambiental para una empresa dedicada al almacenamiento y distribución de gases para uso industrial.

Esta metodología abarca el análisis de los cuatro componentes (fuentes de riesgo, sistemas de control primario, sistema de transporte y receptores vulnerables), indicados de un modo directo y de fácil aplicación. Se basa en la evaluación de dos factores; las fuentes de peligro y los receptores vulnerables. Se divide en dos subfactores: área afectada, vulnerabilidad del entorno natural y socioeconómico.

Mediante esta metodología y el análisis de estos factores fundamentales, se obtiene un Valor ó Índice de Riesgo Medioambiental (ICM). El Valor ó Índice de Riesgo Medioambiental permite la evaluación del riesgo como proceso posterior a dicho análisis, mediante el cual se realiza una posterior toma de decisiones, en aras de reducir o erradicar los riesgos analizados que generan daños ambientales considerables.