EN BLANCO. Revista de Arquitectura - Vol 13, No 31 (2021)
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Editorial
- La Arquitectura de las Universidades
Obras
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Skolkovo, Anillo Este, Moscú, Rusia
- Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador
- Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad de Ahmedabad, India
- Edificio Sáenz Valiente, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Nuevo edificio Aulario, Universidad de Alioune Diop, Bambey, Senegal
Artículos de investigación
- Abierto como cuestión de principio
- Campus universitarios japoneses como enclaves dialogantes: seis ejemplos
- Hic et ubique terrarum. La arquitectura radical de la universidad italiana de los setenta
- La escuela que no fue. El proyecto del campus de Coruña de Castañón, Laguna y Ucha
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- PublicationInstituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad de Ahmedabad, India(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-28) Architects, Vir.Mueller[EN] The architectural design for the Institute of Engineering and Technology at Ahmedabad University exemplifies the typology of an academic quadrangle - a central courtyard garden, flanked by student and faculty rooms. Timeless yet contemporary, this cloister anchors a community of students and scholars - many of whom are the first in their families to attend college.
- PublicationLa Arquitectura de las Universidades(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-28) Domingo Calabuig, Débora; Departamento de Proyectos Arquitectónicos; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura[EN] Fifty years have passed since pedagogy, sociology, urban planning and architecture converged in the same intense debate: that of learning spaces in higher education. The large-scale arrival of students at universities in the 1960s and 1970s, particularly in Europe but also in other parts of the world, led to the adoption of policies on teaching models, campus planning and the space that should support learning. The most important architectural magazines of the time described the quest to respond to a social demand with the speed required by the expectations of rapid growth. Today, the university landscape looks very different. Not only have learning spaces been profoundly transformed by new technologies, but institutions are also competing for visibility in a scenario of international competition. Universities are now subject to market rules that shape their policies: brilliant scientific production, fruitful relations with industry, proven knowledge transfer to society, and an attractive range of degrees with promises of high employability, are the factors that build a brand image that is increasingly displaced by an emerging online activity. This special issue of [EN BLANCO. Revista de Arquitectura] brings together five recent productions that illustrate the evolution of the questions posed half a century ago with new answers that continue to fuel our reflections.
- PublicationOpen as a matter of principle(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-28) Langenberg, Silke[EN] The Marburg Building System is one of the earliest, most consistent and internationally best-known German building system. Its development marks the beginning of the doubling of the German university building stock in just 20 years. The building site at Marburg Lahnberge was possibly the most consulted example for university planning in the 1960s and 1970s. Meanwhile, the qualities of the buildings are seldom appreciated, the system's intrinsic facility for modification, adaptation to new user requirements or extensions are not used. The architectural quality of the buildings, erected on the Lahnberge campus in Marburg, their consistent approach down to the details, the technical innovation of the serial production of building elements in an on-site field factory and the thorough planning process to standardise all building components is indeed remarkable. The underlying principle of openness bears considerable potential to prolong the lifespan of the buildings, if, as a start, the existing defects are repaired. The advantages of the buildings, their basic system and the underlying concept may not be obvious, but on closer examination, they are undeniable. They could and should be utilised.
- PublicationLa escuela que no fue. El proyecto del campus de Coruña de Castañón, Laguna y Ucha(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-28) Río Vázquez, Antonio S.[EN] In the year 1972, the architects Juan Castañón Fariña, José María Laguna Martínez, and Rodolfo Ucha Donate presented their project of the University Campus of A Coruña. They concluded a process initiated by the Barrié de la Maza Foundation in the previous decade to establish a School of Architecture in the North West of Spain. With the assistance and consultancy of American architects John W. McLeod and Raymond Caravaty, the proposal included three buildings for higher education: One school destined for Technical Architecture studies, one for the school of Architecture, and another for University College. Together these created a University Campus for Technical studies. Nevertheless, the School of Architecture was never built in the way that it was initially conceived. Instead, the authors fully modified the initial approach consisting of just one model to both buildings, which finally envisaged the School of Architecture generated from an individual volume that responds to a compositional and structural internal order. The detailed analysis of this second project in this original version shows another school that never was, transformed by decisions taken during the construction process and within its half-century of history.
- PublicationEdificio Sáenz Valiente, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella, Buenos Aires, Argentina(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-28) Architecture, Josep Ferrando[EN] The Sáenz Valiente mixed-use building on the Alcorta campus of the Torcuato di Tella University is located in the popular River district of Buenos Aires. The main objective of the architectural proposal is precisely the relationship with the environment defined by the River neighbourhood through transparency.The urban location contains particular patterns and sequences: on the one hand, the large volume on Avenida Figueroa Alcorta with its grid of imposing columns and capitals; and on the other, the sheds with their arcades and supports. The proposal combines both orders, proposing a modular structure that is integrated into the cloister in which it is located. The building seeks to define the campus by contextualising it in the urban fabric and formalising the cloister as a space for social interaction
- PublicationNuevo edificio Aulario, Universidad de Alioune Diop, Bambey, Senegal(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-28) Consulting Engineering Architecture, IDOM[EN] In Senegal, shade and water are everything. This project, a close relative of another in Gaston Berger, San Luis, which was commissioned by the Ministry of Education and the World Bank, aims to respond to this context as a perfect machine, beautiful in its efficiency and without an engine. We developed the project from its cross-section, providing the building with a large double roof and a great lattice on the south façade, an L-shaped shield laying on its back, which avoids direct solar radiation but is permeable to air. This shield creates a Venturi effect generating a constant air flow between the building envelope and the lecture rooms, reducing the interior temperature. The building is simple in its construction, appropriate to the possibilities of the place: concrete blocks built on site covered with mortar and steel latticework.
- PublicationInstituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Skolkovo, Anillo Este, Moscú, Rusia(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-28) de Meuron, Herzog[EN] Skolkovo is the Russian government initiative for a new urban community at the 3rd ring of Moscow, 17 km west from the Kremlin. Built ex nihilo, the aim of Skolkovo is to create a globally reputed centre for innovative 21st century technology, embracing research and production, with administrative headquarters for both established and emerging companies, schools, institutes, and a new university. The Skoltech University, as a newly founded institution, rises together with the rest of Skolkovo, and aims to be a distinguished educational and research centre for Moscow, Russia and the whole world.
- PublicationUniversidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-28) Durán & Hermida, Javier García-Solera[EN] This is a project covering around 100,000m2 to form a complete campus with all its administrative, teaching, recreational and residential facilities. In addition, it will occupy an area that includes three ravines with water, full of dense vegetation, and with the presence of extraordinary specimens of large trees in a climate with persistent rainfall.The project, which is still in the development stage, has the primary objective of being integrated into this extraordinary landscape with a series of buildings capable of being installed in locations where they have the minimum impact on the topography. A large 16m-wide arcade runs horizontally across the site, allowing the different buildings to be attached to it, which contains the ancillary services.
- PublicationJapanese university campuses as dialoguing enclaves: six examples(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-28) Vecchi, Pietro; Suzuki, Ken-ichi; Mugishima Foundation[EN] The problem addressed in this study is: how can university campuses in Japan, which have always been characterised by separation from the context and by closed boundaries, become open to surrounding society without losing their nature of ‘different’ places, destined to the community of students and teachers? After introducing the particularity of Japanese university spaces, we reported various theoretical positions concerning either the closed or open nature of campuses, and the importance given to the educational role of the community. Then, we analysed six campuses that embody the position which most respond to the initial question: that of university community ‘in dialogue’ with the surrounding society. Selected campuses are those of: Saitama Prefectural University, Future University Hakodate, Nagoya Zōkei University, Sapporo City University, Okinawa Christian University, Okinawa University. Analysis of planning concepts has been supported by interviews with the designers of five of them: Yamamoto Riken and Makishi Yoshikazu. The noted planning solutions which could respond to the initial problem are: small scale; centrality of common spaces; physical or visual yet open campus ‘thresholds’; recognisability of campus environment; educational facilities shared between different faculties.
- PublicationHic et ubique terrarum. La arquitectura radical de la universidad italiana de los setenta(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-28) Castellanos Gómez, Raúl; Departamento de Proyectos Arquitectónicos; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura; Grupo de Proyecto Arquitectura[EN] Since the Middle Ages, European universities have woven a network of exchanges with the city as their setting and the first university cities as the destination of students' pilgrimages. The inherent ubiquity of the model was soon compromised by the progressive autonomy of the university, which gradually became an entity isolated from its urban context. The Anglo-Saxon campus became the paradigm of this isolation, a symbol of class differentiation. With the gradual evolution from universities only for the elites to universities for the masses in the post-World War II period, the democratic institutions were committed to opening up higher education to society as a whole. The exponential growth of the student population made it necessary to multiply public initiatives for the construction of new universities. This article analyses the case of the new Italian universities of the 1970s, which sought to restore the lost relationship between university and city, and to recreate the original ubiquity of the former through a diffuse network of facilities and services which, together with transport and information networks, aimed to structure the territory and guarantee the universal dissemination of knowledge.