FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean

FORTMED 2020 is the fifth edition of the International Conference on Fortifications of the Mediterranean Coast. The Conference has been held in March 26th, 27th and 28th 2020 in Granada (Spain), at the Laboratory of Archaeology and Architecture of the City (Laboratorio de Arqueología y Arquitectura de la Ciudad, LAAC) of the School of Arabic Studies (Escuela de Estudios Árabes, EEA), a research centre that belongs to the Spanish National Research Council (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC).

The main objective of FORTMED conferences is to exchange and share knowledge for a better understanding, assessment, management and exploitation of the built Cultural Heritage. The focus is on defensive architecture in the Mediterranean area, from the Antiquity to the present day, although it does not exclude other fortifications built overseas but high influenced by those on the Mediterranean.

+info:http://ocs.editorial.upv.es/index.php/FORTMED/FORTMED2020

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/145139

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Access status: Abierto ,
Le fortificazioni litoranee di Terra d’Otranto: una panoramica sulle torri costiere della provincia di Lecce
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020-05-15) Tricarico, Giuseppe
[EN] During the Modern Age we witnessed the birth, consolidation and decline of great powers that dragged numerous political and religious conflicts with them. The Mediterranean Sea, as area of contact between the most distant Empires, experienced an era of intense naval activity in the form of piracy, race wars and armed deterrence, spreading along its shores with coastal watch towers. The organization of the defensive coastal system took place in intimate relationship with the territory, strongly characterizing the coasts which for centuries have seen them as the unique anthropical presence. Their exclusively military character has, however, inhibited their reuse over time, arousing until a few decades ago the disinterest of the community and their disavowal of architectures worthy of protection. The knowledge of the historical events and the morphotypological characteristics of the Apulian system of coastal towers thus becomes the starting point for their acknowledgment as fundamental identifying characters of the territory, finalizing their study to the re-appropriation of these assets by the community as strategical vehicles for the transmission of the local history and its intrinsic values. The classification of the towers in the province of Lecce has made them the object of spatial and typological analyses produced with the help of the opensource software “Quantum GIS” and geo-referenced on the official cartographic bases.
Access status: Abierto ,
Les caractéristiques architecturales et constructives de la muraille médievale à la période Hammadite à Bejaia (Algérie)
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020-05-15) Abderrahim Mahindad, Naima
[EN] Bejaia, is a coastal city of Central-East Algerian which has seen succeeding on its lands several civilizations: Byzantine, Roman, Hammadite, Spanish and Ottoman. It reached its peak from the beginning of the eleventh century, when the Hammadite ruler, An-Nasir made it the capital. The city maintained this important status until the sixteenth century, when it was considered the jewel of the Maghreb. At that time, the city was fortified with a large surrounding wall, which spanned more than 5000 m. This city wall was flanked with bastions and towers, and rose in tiers from the sea-side to Mount Gouraya. Its layout was perfectly designed and blended with the city’s topography. It consisted of three walls: one to the east and another to the west, which were connected by a third wall, which ran along the seaside. Today, two gates are preserved from the city of Bejaia’s rich defensive heritage: Bab El Bahr, which opens onto the sea, and Bab El Fouka, which opens onto the plains, as well as some parts of the walls, dotted around different parts of the city. This heritage is threatened and its preservation, restoration and enhancement require a comprehensive knowledge of the architectural and constructive styles, which characterize it, and of the materials used in its construction. This contribution aims to identify the architectural and constructive features of this defense system, developed by the Hammadites, as well as a characterization of the construction materials used, such mortar, through physical, chemical and petrographic analyses.
Access status: Abierto ,
Islamic defensive architecture along the eastern coast of Algeria: the Fusula Ribat and its mosque (Annaba)
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020-05-15) Chergui, Samia; Haoui, Samira
[EN] The ribat in Bouna (present day Annaba), also called the Fusula Ribat, dominates the promontory of the hill with the same name and overlooks the port of the town. This defensive structure, whose typology dates from the Fatimid period, belonged to a chain of ribats marking Islamic territory along the length of the Mediterranean coast. It was concealed under the Sidi Boumerouane Mosque. Thus, through a series of transformations, the site became a veritable military-religious complex. The recent process of patrimonialization, as well as the restoration project at the complex, has revealed the structure of the ribat, leaning against the wall and essentially forming the foundations of the first mosque of the town. The aim of this article is, on the one hand, to bring new knowledge, as much technical as historical, about this fortified structure, which has largely been ignored by historical research until now, and on the other, to carry out the restoration project of this edifice, which has now been classed as national heritage.
Access status: Abierto ,
To inhabit the twelve i𝛾amawen of Taguelzi: fortified dwellings as alive ruins in the Gourara (Algerian Sahara)
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020-05-15) Mahrour, Illili
[EN] In the southwest of the Algerian Sahara, Taguelzi is one of the fortified settlement oases forming the network of the Gourara defensive structures situated on the southern edge of the Ouled Aïssa Hmada. It is a large and long flat limestone area, which borders, from north to south, the west side of the Timimoun sebkha. Despite its position on the peripher𝛾 of Charouine, one of the Gourara sub-region main human settlement, Taguelzi is exactl𝛾 situated at the crossroads of ancient caravan routes linking sub-Saharan Africa to the Atlantic shores and the Mediterranean world through both the Messaoura wadi and the shortcut to Figuig in Morocco, across the Great Western Erg. Taguelzi strategic position, on the southern cornice of the Ouled Aïssa hamada facing the north of Moula𝛾 Mohemmed Erg, an arm of the Great Western Erg, allows to reach the Aougrout, the main sub region of the Gourara, through the Deldoul sub region in few hours, and eventuall𝛾 from there to get to the Gourara main cities. B𝛾 using a space anthropological approach based on spatialit𝛾 vocabular𝛾, we have tried to understand this Saharan settlement formed b𝛾 twelve distinct defensive inhabited structures and wh𝛾 some of them are considered as “dead ruins” and others as still “alive ruins”. Taguelzi twelve fortified inhabited structures reported through “the spatialit𝛾 living word” reveals the living space organization complexit𝛾 at the territor𝛾 scale and ma𝛾 explain the morphogenesis of those defensive structures which gave birth to troglod𝛾te habitat, to stone defensive towers and double walled fortifications with gardens, wells, water s𝛾stem irrigation and wide-open cemeteries. Toda𝛾, despite unsuccessful state rehabilitation projects and the fortifications advanced state of ruins after the 2008 devastating floods, the inhabitants still clearl𝛾 identif𝛾 and refer to them as the twelve “i𝛾��amawen of Taguelzi
Access status: Abierto ,
Il castello dei conti di Biandrate: indagini sulle strutture superstiti
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020-05-15) Guiso, Bianca; Tappari, Maria
[EN] Biandrate is a northern Italian village in the province of Novara that lies in the Po plain between the Sesia and Ticino rivers. Border area disputed between Vercelli and Novara, since the early Middle Ages it represented an important crossing point because there were the fords of the Sesia river nearby, on the road axis joining Novara and Ivrea. Its importance grew in the tenth century, when the Pieve was erected, today disappeared, dedicated to Santa Maria and, in 1029, the Counts of Pombia family settled in the Biandrate castrum. In 1168 the castrum was destroyed by the armies of Milan, allied with Novara and Vercelli, that in 1194 carved up the territory. In the second half of the thirteenth century the village of Biandrate was divided into the Borgo Vecchio, vercellese, to the west, and the Borgo Nuovo, novarese, to the east. They developed around the canonica of S. Colombano, the hospital and the ruins of the Count’s castrum. The castrum, almost totally destroyed, continued to represent an area with particular rights: in fact the Statues established that the Podestà could pronounce sentences only “in castro veteri Blanderati”. Nowadays the collegiata of S. Colombano stands on the Biandrate castrum ruins; the collegiata was mentioned for the first time in 1146, but was altered various times over the centuries. In particular, portions of the ancient wall are visible in the lower part of the west wall of the church of Santa Caterina, incorporated within the complex of the collegiate of S. Colombano. It is noticed that the ancient castrum had very thick walls made primarily with river pebbles, roughly cut stones in a herringbone pattern and binding mortar.
Access status: Abierto ,
La intervención arquitectónica de 2018 en la Torre de la Sal de Cabanes (Castellón)
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020-05-15) Prior Llombart, Jaime; Departamento de Proyectos Arquitectónicos; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura; Grupo de Investigación en Arte y Arquitectura Contemporánea
[EN] Salt Tower is a complete defensive structure located in the town of Cabanes, in Castellón, at the north of the Spanish Valencian Community: “Torre de la Sal”, a link in the long coastal defense chain. The architectural intervention has basically consisted of the external consolidation of the masonry walls, especially of two of them; the protection of water infiltration and the replacement of the extemporaneous structure of the existing balcony. Internally, all the coatings have been renewed, eliminating aggressive applications and providing it with an electrical installation. The works have been adjusted to the strictest criteria from a quality point of view and have been a consequence of the findings obtained in the research phase that have determined the final result, varying in some cases those provided for in the intervention project. The results received after the intervention are presented, waiting to proceed with the intensive excavation of the immediate surroundings of the tower, located on a powerful buried urban structure, lack of excavation and submerged in the sea.
Access status: Abierto ,
Rilievo digitale e analisi dell’ala lusignana del castello di Kyrenia
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020-05-15) Bigongiari, Matteo; Cioli, Federico
[EN] The paper illustrates the documentation and analysis methods of a wing of the Kyrenia castle in Cyprus. The laser-scanner and photogrammetry Structure from Motion (SfM) survey campaigns took place during the international workshop “Reading and designing the Kyrenia Castle” held in May 2018 in Girne, involving the Girne American University (Cyprus) and the University of Florence. The survey required a more in-depth analysis of the environments around the courtyard, in particular those located on the eastern front, which host numerous archaeological finds, including the Kyrenia shipwreck, dating back to the fourth century BC. The analysis was based on the drawings (plans, elevations and sections) served as support for diagnostic and material investigations aimed at highlighting the state of superficial conservation and structures and their historical stratigraphy.
Access status: Abierto ,
El patrimonio defensivo andaluz y su gestión en la intervención. Un modelo sobre la Seguridad y Salud
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020-05-15) Domínguez Caballero, Rosa
[EN] The Management of the Architect or Building Engineer in Restoration works in defensive buildings such as (towers, walls, castles, etc.) has an exhaustive and specific workforce due to the particularities especially in the environment of the Health and Safety Coordination. This communication will focus on the management of the technician on the Prevention of Occupational Risks in the Restoration, Rehabilitation and Consolidation works on defensive constructions chosen by the author of her International Thesis from the point of view of their integration in all processes: definition and Execution of the activities to be carried out. The destination and final objective is to ensure the physical integrity of the workers who are in contact in the Restoration of Historical Heritage. Research has been carried out in this area both in Andalusia and in the South of France, around the Mediterranean, reflecting the comparison of particularities as an example in 2 defensive interventions: “Restoration in the tower of Castle Molares (Sevilla)” and “Consolidation of Castle Olvera (Cádiz)”. The Technician's work is fundamental for the control of risks in the workplace, especially in the consolidation and restoration of defensive heritage. The actions of the Health and Safety Coordinator in the execution phase in the Restoration or Rehabilitation differ considerably with the works of Nueva Planta, since the stability of the building must be guaranteed in addition to the difficulty involved in the execution procedures and the “surprises” that can be found when acting on the property of this type. Documents are prepared reflecting the modifications in the Restoration Process that will entail new “occupational risks” and the consequent “health and safety measures” that will have to be taken to eliminate or minimize as indicated in Law 31/95 of PRL.
Access status: Abierto ,
The Aquila tower: a part of the Renaissance coastal defence system of Pučišća
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020-05-15) Perojević, Snježana; Trifunović, Branislav
[EN] At the end of the fifteenth century the Ottoman Empire won the land at the middle of the eastern side of the Adriatic, between the town of Omiš and the Neretva River. Thus exposing the northern settlements of the island of Brač, which were under the Venetian Administration at the time, to immediate danger from the Turkish invasion. The settlement of Pučišća was particularly vulnerable. Therefore, the settlement was intensively fortified, and a series of thirteen individual small coastal towers was built, after which the entire settlement was named Castello Pucischia in 1600. One of these towers –the Aquila tower– had a key role in defending Pučišća during the OttomanVenetian War, also known as the War of Cyprus (1570-1573). The Aquila tower was built at the beginning of the sixteenth century and today it is a well-preserved detached building situated on the Pučišća coast. Despite all the damage and transformations endured in the past, all the tower elements have been sufficiently preserved to reconstruct its original appearance, including the residential character of the overall interior: a stone wardrobe and a built-in stone basin (Cro. pilo), a fireplace, stairs, as well as those of a defensive character: mechanisms for lifting the drawbridge, loopholes, cannon openings, channels for extracting gunpowder smoke. The wooden beams’ supports in the walls above the first floor have also been preserved, as well as the barrel vault over the ground floor and the groin vault over the second floor which are still intact even today. On the external of the tower, the original corbels of machicolations as well as the semi-circular cornice above the escarp are partially preserved. By analysing the remains of the tower and by studying historical and bibliographic sources, a reconstruction of the original appearance of the Aquila tower has been made, both for the external and internal part, including transformations that took place over the time, since its construction to the present day. This has contributed to the knowledge of the typology of Renaissance coastal fortifications as well as to providing basis for potential renovation and reconstruction of the Aquila tower.
Access status: Abierto ,
Una rappresentazione digitale del castello Eurialo per l’indagine storico-interpretativa
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020-05-15) Valenti, Rita; Giuliano, Sebastiano; Paternò, Emanuela
[EN] It is clear that concepts and cognitive processes aimed at putting forward fortified systems in their relation with the territory and with the surrounding landscape, establish inextricably interwoven “interests” and a consequent osmotic hysteresis between their emergence and disappearance into the deepest part of the earth. The logic behind the defensive structures of Euryalus fortress is particularly interesting. The fortress designed during the Greek period and located on the top of Epipolae hill, represented a strategic fortification for the city’s defence. Therefore, it is reasonable to think about a sequence of emerging or disappearing empty spaces; a semantic vacuum to be filled with logical-subjective interpretations pertaining to those who visit the place. The conceptual framework provides knowledge and documentation meant as indispensable supporting instruments to understand Dionysius I and Archimedes’ thoughts where the integration of people and environment forms the basis of the close iterative connection among nature, artifice and landscape. The research takes this direction implementing innovative technological systems trying to go beyond in order to achieve virtual reconstruction processes, even if partial, of the fortress. Survey, thus, can be applied as an instrument for the knowledge of historical heritage which once converted into digital heritage is a support for the reconstruction of lost ancient scenarios. Actually, the implementation of innovative systems allows an easy-to-use data viewing which supports the interpretive phase, the archiving, consultation and dissemination of survey products. In particular, the survey of the fortress with integrated methodologies (both instrumental and photogrammetric) provides not only a fundamental basis for the documentation of the fortress conditions but also provides a basis for the collection of reconstructive hypotheses formulated by researchers who have been involved with the structure so far. Interactions among archaeology, history, geomorphology and technology make history and a past renowned glory come alive with the common spirit of coming up to a strong synergy between the past and the future destiny of the place.
Access status: Abierto ,
Riesgos naturales y conservación de la arquitectura defensiva de tierra: aproximación a los daños causados por seísmos en la Alcazaba de Almería y en la muralla de La Hoya
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020-05-15) Marcos Cobaleda, María; Gutiérrez-Carrillo, María; Molero Melgarejo, Emilio; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; European Regional Development Fund
[EN] The aim of this work is to present the results obtained in the framework of the PREFORTI Project. The particular case analysed is the damages caused by earthquakes in the medieval fortifications of Almeria and the consequences on their conservation. Almeria is a zone of important seismic activity. This particularity has caused many problems to conserve its Islamic military architecture. Within this work, we include the most important earthquakes that have affected this heritage since the late fifteenth century and the constructions damaged –to a greater or lesser extent– by them, including their specific damages and an approach to their state of conservation. Due to its importance within the military constructions, we present the case study of the Alcazaba of Almeria and the wall of La Hoya, focusing on the second one. These paradigmatic constructions were widely affected by the earthquakes since the late fifteenth century. Beyond the analysis of the damages caused by the earthquakes and the different historical restorations to mitigate them, we include the emergency measures proposed in the framework of the PREFORTI Project for its better conservation against the different risks, as well as the microzonation mapping of the natural seismicity risk for the section of the wall of La Hoya in order to delve in the study of the vulnerability of this cultural asset against this natural risk, as a mechanism for its better preventive conservation.
Access status: Abierto ,
Rappresentare l’architettura fortificata per narrare e valorizzare il territorio della frontiera alessandrina
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020-05-15) Marotta, Anna; Cirillo, Vincenzo; Rabino, Claudio; Zerlenga, Ornella
[EN] The Piemonte cultural territory is also characterized by the significant presence of complex defensive systems, grouped by types and orographic configuration. Specifically,this paper will address asystematic and unitary re-reading of the territory of the Alessandria area, which includes: the sixteenth-century Cittadella di Casale, of the Gonzagas; the Citadel of Alexandria (1732), by Giulio Ignazio Bertola; Valenza and its fortifications (from the “Spanish” period with interventions by Gaspare Beretta, also interested in the fort / Castello Tortona); that of Gavi (restored “in the modern” by Gaspare Maculano known as Fiorenzuola, the friar who condemned Galileo). Following thirty years international research, the objectives of the work are twofold: the first aims to physically connect in this system a “network” of thematically dedicated tourist itineraries, through documentary paths that reconstruct historical events, construction phases and transformation, (in similitude with the ECCOFORT project, in the province of Verona). Following other works, by the authors already dedicated to the Alexandrian, through the advanced 3D modeling (like the one carried out in the reconstruction of the fort of Gavi) the second objective of the present contribution will follow the same restoring and reconstructive procedure. Through digitalized anastylosis, even dynamized, the Castle of Tortona will be rebuilt on the basis –among other things– of the conspicuous documentation (dated 1799, the year of the Napoleonic siege, followed by demolition, in 1801) found at the Osterreichisches Staatsarchiv, Kriegsarchiv of Vienna. The critical reconstruction is now made possible thanks to the precious wealth of knowledge, matured over the decades by Marotta, Zerlenga, Abello: with (indexed) data, including metrics, graphics and visual returns. Drawing between real and virtual, it will be possible to reconnect individual episodes, comparable and critically selected information, by means of congruently connected interventions, both physically and digitally. Finally, in a project of knowledge, conservation and valorisation, the “local” dimension dialogues and integrates with the European dimension.
Access status: Abierto ,
Digital documentation of fortified urban routes in Pavia (Italy): territorial databases and structural models for the preservation of military ruins
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020-05-15) De Marco, Raffaella; Galasso, Francesca; Malusardi, Chiara
[EN] The analysis of the fortified routes in the city of Pavia (Italy) clarifies the adaptation of the medieval capital in the historical politics of the Mediterranean, where the evolution of the defensive system till the Spanish bastioned walls (sixteenth century) identifies the updating of the Lombard tradition to the practices of modern military architecture. Their defensive structures survive in the urban design of the contemporary city, in the configuration of infrastructures and urban aggregates, reflecting the consequences of the great processes of their dismantling (from 1905). The comparison between historical investigations and the current ruins, fragmented into disconnected portions between the historical bastions and the monumental gates, shows a picture of abandonment of the military structures that generates repeated collapses and emerging risk factors towards the surrounding densified urban context. The experimentation of military architectural approaches of documentation at the urban scale, developed by the research laboratory DAda Lab. of University of Pavia, defines an analysis process through the digital representation of the urban remains that is suitable for the preservation of the survived city walls and the enhancement of their fortified identity. The application of different 3D LiDAR systems for morphological acquisition promotes an integrated digitation process of scansets on the fortified system controlled at the urban metric scale: the experimentation applies the use of a mobile real time scanner for the digital tracking of historical routes, on which to implement the georeferencing of detailed static scanworlds, integrated in correspondence of Bastions and Monumental Gates. The optimization of architectural data density and the integration between data contribute to finalize a 3D territorial database predisposed to the architectural modelling of volumes and scenarios of structural instability of the military ruins, defining a virtual framework of widespread knowledge for the historical conservation and urban prevention of the fortified system
Access status: Abierto ,
The building materials of “Colle del Melogno” Central Fort (Liguria, Italy)
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020-05-15) Fratini, Fabio; Mattone, Manuela; Rescic, Silvia
[EN] The Melogno pass (“Colle del Melogno”) is located at 1026 m above sea level, between the high Val Bormida and the hinterland of the Finalese (province of Savona) and is one of the highest mountain passes in the Ligurian Alps. In ancient times, this zone was considered strategically important from the military point of view since it is located at the crossroads of many communication routes. In these areas, in November 1795, during the “Battle of Loano”, the French army, commanded by Andrea Massena and the allied army of Austria, prevailed over the Kingdom of Sardinia, led by Oliver Remigius von Wallis. However, the territory remained possession of the Kingdom of Sardinia and, between 1883 and 1895, the worsening of relations with France induced the government to erect, near the pass, three imposing fortifications (Tortagna, Settepani and Centrale) to prevent an entry into Piedmont by armies coming from the coast. For the same purpose other fortifications were erected near the passes of Tenda, Nava, Turchino and near the villages of Zuccarello, Altare and Vado. The most impressive among the three fortifications of Melogno pass is the Central Fort. It occupies all the saddle of the pass and it is crossed by the provincial road 490 connecting the coast of Finale Ligure to Piedmont. The fort, still of military property, is a listed historical artefact. It has a polygonal shape, with a main barrack developed on two floors. Four defensive and attacking emplacements were located outside the main complex, along a detached hill, with heavy artillery pointed towards the coast. The study will examine the natural and artificial stone materials used for the building through mineralogical and petrographic analysis and will verify both the variations occurred during the construction phases and the relations with the local supply sources.
Access status: Abierto ,
Fortifications at Piacenza. Historical background, restoration, open-air museum and urban planning
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020-05-15) Broglia, Francesco
[EN] The “modern” fortifications at Piacenza are situated at a significant physical and cultural crossroads linking the Mediterranean and roads leading to Central Europe and the North Sea. This paper aims to include their historical bastion features and city walls within an open-air educational museum that is well integrated within the modern town. Starting from the original basis of a defensive nature conceived to mark boundaries and divide kingdoms, the plan is to build a park which, by means of a fully-equipped green belt, is able to narrate the story of the Siegecraft and Renaissance apse techniques. At the same time, the aim is to explain how such a system may serve as a valuable means of allowing sustainable urban transport along with that of respecting and highlighting cultural heritage. In order to tell the complete story, an attempt is made to describe how direct relief may relate to the “compact town”.
Access status: Abierto ,
Il paesaggio archeologico del castello di Nucetto (Piemonte, Italia): una possibile conservazione
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020-05-15) Tartaglino, Elisa
[EN] Each fortified architecture has its own specificities thanks to which defend the territory, it is usually part of garrison systems and has always been a protagonist of the events of the place where it was built. Through this reading can be interpreted the ruins of the Castle of Nucetto (CN, Italy), which insist on the land of Alta Valle Tanaro –mostly located on the south-east portion of Cuneo’s territory and in a little part of Savona’s one– as real landmark visible from the historical road axis of the valley. The castle’s ruins became part of the consolidated image of the landscape thanks to the union they generated with the context giving rise to a recognizable landscape. The castle is part of a wider defensive system intimately linked to the history of the Marquisate of Ceva. Despite the still uncertain reliability of the documents available, the original structure can be dated at the eleventh century. The presence of bands of hanging arches that run along some elevated of the structure allow to hypothesize and recognize a first foundational nucleus while some traces of frescoes rise to appreciable particularities during the visit. The tower, whose base is in brick, but the top part is curiously in stone, is today the best preserved. The paper aims to analyze the fortification –made with different materials– to understand the extent of the historical stratifications found in the presence of at least two expansions dating from the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries, up to the nineteenth-century destruction wanted by Napoleon. It is also the author’s will to propose some suggestions for a possible conservation, starting with an analysis of the state of today's storage (outcome of very limited consolidation interventions operated twenty years ago) to arrive at its insertion in more valuation circuits wide.
Access status: Abierto ,
La réutilisation du patrimoine défensif urbain en Algérie
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020-05-15) Korichi, Amina; Guenadez, Zineeddine; Faucherre, Nicolas
[EN] The growing interest in the heritage that contemporary society carries with it, and which is reflected in the extent of the debates and issues relating to its preservation and enhancement, runs up, most of the time, to the authentic memory / memory dichotomy. Dynamic. That being said, the reuse of built heritage in the process of renewing the image of our cities (use-value) becomes dependent on a global conception included in a sustainable urban development approach. The monumental heritage, subdivided, generally, into five categories namely; religious, hospitable and funeral, civil (public or private), agricultural and industrial and finally military, raises enormous problems as for its reuse. These are more pronounced towards the military-defensive architecture that is the subject of this contribution. In Algeria, defensive architecture occupies an important part in its heritage site. The typological diversity –the result of a long stratification from the early antiquity to the middle of the last century– as well as the dominant position occupied by this defensive heritage abandoned in the current urban landscape imposes a more urgent care. Therefore, we want, through this communication, to lay the first steps of a patrimonial approach to highlight this or these unknown military architectures and preserve our defensive heritage for which the collective memory is not attested and still painful. The reuse of the defensive heritage in Algeria must first and foremost go through its identification, inventory its various typologies, evaluate its current physical impact and finally explore the different urban alternatives that will result from its reintegration into the urban experience and for sustainable cities and citizens.
Access status: Abierto ,
La rocca Paolina di Perugia. Da baluardo dell’inaccessibilità a landmark dell’accessibilità
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020-05-15) Belardi, Paolo; Martini, Luca; Menchetelli, Valeria
[EN] Built in the Perugia acropolis in the mid-sixteenth century as a physical expression of the oppressive reprisal of Pope Paul III against the city’s seigniory of the Baglioni family, the Rocca Paolina has always been hated by the Perugia people who, on several occasions during the nineteenth century, did not hesitate to demolish it. The historical events of this fortified architecture are ambiguously linked with its iconographic value, oscillating around a balance in continuous evolution that sees it on the one hand as a fortress of inaccessibility and on the other hand as a flywheel of accessibility.
Access status: Abierto ,
Poliorcética, morfología edilicia y técnicas constructivas en el Tossal de la Vila, un recinto fortificado de época emiral en el extremo septentrional del Šarq al-Andalus
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020-05-15) Negre, Joan; Falomir, Ferran; Pérez-Polo, Marta; Aguilella, Gustau
[EN] This work focuses on the first results from the systematic excavation of the Tossal de la Vila (Serra d’en Galceran, Castelló) archaeological site. This is, a hillfort build during the Emirate of al-Andalus in the intersection between the territories of Tortosa, Valencia and the Iberian System mountain ranges. Our case study is framed within the historiographic discussion on the subject of rocky and castellated settlements in this area set forth thirty years ago by André Bazzana. A debate that was largely enriched by several works pending the last years on the subject of hilly occupations between Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages. In that direction, we analyse here the architectural questions that have been raised by the recent archaeological works at the site. Specifically, we will try to systematise the different defensive solutions adopted on the design of the fort, as well as the diverse construction techniques used along the fortbuilding process.
Access status: Abierto ,
Le mura di Leonardo. I rilievi del 1502
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2020-05-15) Carpiceci, Marco; Colonnese, Fabio
[EN] In the summer of 1502, Cesare Borgia appointed Leonardo da Vinci for his engineering expertise. His assignment was specific and concerning with military architecture: he was expected to “see, measure and do good estimation”. The Codex L, a small notebook conserved in the Library of the Institute of France, show the results of the survey of the city walls of Cesena and Urbino. The technique Leonardo adopted consists in traversing rectilinear stretches, measuring their length by means of an instrument able to count his steps and establishing their orientation by means of a compass. At the end of the path, the data relative to the sides of a closed polygon are obtained, resulting the geometric plan of the walls. This practice is testified by some residual eidotypes provided with quotas and orientations. In some cases, only the lists of distances in numbers are present, but the analysis of the figures makes it possible to reconstruct the surveyed plans, as Nando De Toni pioneered many years ago. This study focuses on the tools and the urban survey technique used by Leonardo. The analysis of some sheets from the Codex L, contextualized with respect to the actual topography of the sites, allows to understand the correct sequence of the operations carried out first in the site and then at the drawing board. By means of specific digital reconstructions, it is therefore possible to study the instrumental and operational limits of this practice and, by comparing it with the current state, to reconstruct the entire defensive structure.

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