VLC arquitectura. Research Journal - Vol. 05, núm. 2 (2018)

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Artículos de investigación

Les écoquartiers: dernier linéament contrarié de la grande histoire de l’Utopie?
La influencia de Leberecht Migge en la creación de las Siedlungen productivas modernas
Las salas Cinéac de Adrienne Gorska y Pierre de Montaut: adaptar un “tipo”
El derecho al descanso del trabajador: la Ciudad Sindical de Vacaciones de Marbella
Una mezquita en Valencia: capilla del Grupo Benéfico San Francisco Javier, A. Gómez Davó
Arquitectura doméstica sevillana del siglo XVI: San Salvador
Espacio, Forma y Estructura en la casa 50x50' de Mies van der Rohe

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/111855

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Mostrando 1 - 7 de 7

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El derecho al descanso del trabajador: la Ciudad Sindical de Vacaciones de Marbella
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-10-31) Loren-Méndez, Mar; Pinzón-Ayala, Daniel
[EN] The worker’s right to rest constituted a new right in the construction of world peace after the First World War. Drawing on primary sources, the study begins with an overview of legislation ranging from the regulation of weekly weekend rest to annual holidays, analyzing public European proposals for holidays in the interwar years, distinguishing those designed to ensure rest for workers specifically within the context of the city. The newly acquired right was most warmly embraced by totalitarian regimes, converted into a prize, a charitable act, or an opportunity for indoctrination and control. Focusing on the case of Spain, the research presents the Ciudades Sindicales de Vacaciones, Trade Union Holiday Towns, as the culmination of the public promotion of rest for workers under Franco’s regime, subsequently giving way to private initiative and mass tourism. The research presents the Trade Union Holiday Town of Marbella as the ultimate prototype for a specific typology, analyzing its values through a projective approach to territory, providing new documentary evidence of its evolution and current status, and offering a reflection on the loss of values brought about by such transformations in light of findings made.
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Espacio, Forma y Estructura en la casa 50x50' de Mies van der Rohe
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-10-31) Díaz Segura, Alfonso; Serra Soriano, Bartolomé; Merí de la Maza, Ricardo
[EN] During the American stage of Mies the beauty of the constructive precision and the essentiality of space is emphasized, which subordinates the program to formal purity. Form is not invented, nor is it the corollary of function or technology, but is the result of placing transcendent and timeless values on secondary issues. The architect must establish an order that assures the formality of the work, but in modernity the systematic classicist rules no longer run. So the goodness of the result is a consequence of the ability of the architect and the user to share visual codes. The effort of Mies in this stage will be to establish certain certainties, universal and clear, developed around the relation among space, structure and shape. The Fifty by Fifty feet house marks a turning point in these intentions and points the path of his latest works.
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Arquitectura doméstica sevillana del siglo XVI: San Salvador
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-10-31) Núñez-González, María
[EN] This study is based on historical documents belonging to the most important ecclesiastical institution in Seville during the 16th century. The Cathedral’s archives have been consulted, with special focus on the section devoted to books of written descriptive records of houses (called ‘apeos’) that belonged to the Cabildo (Chapter) in 1542. These records not only documented the physical distribution of the houses with measurements in Castilian yards of the different parts of the house, but also described the more qualitative features of the interior architectural design. The main purpose of this study is to characterize the typical Sevillian houses from historical documents of the period focused on the collation of San Salvador. By way of a novel methodology, the following steps have been developed: first, an architectural analysis; second, a typology of houses based on functions, dimensions, construction, lay-out, etc.; third, a detailed glossary of architectural terms listed to permit a rigorous understanding of the domestic architecture in 16th century Seville; and finally, an example of every documented record has been drawn. Among the most significant conclusions is that the Sevillian dwellings of that period reflected the Islamic terminology, architecture, construction and lay-out typical of Andalusia, but with distinctive features of Sevillian housing.
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Una mezquita en Valencia: capilla del Grupo Benéfico San Francisco Javier, A. Gómez Davó
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-10-31) Gómez Gil, Antonio Miguel; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura; Instituto Universitario de Restauración del Patrimonio; Departamento de Composición Arquitectónica
[EN] In Valencia there was a large building complex, the Grupo Benéfico San Francisco Javier in the district of Campanar, built in Spanish neo-colonial style, now disappeared. Among many of its endowments was a chapel designed in Maghrebi style (1941), which, of the entire ensemble, is the only construction currently left standing. The article, written with unpublished material, reveals the building and analyses the author, the Valencian architect Antonio Gómez Davó, to verify whether or not he acted with archaeological rigor in its design. For this, its building elements and parameters have been compared with other existing religious buildings in North Africa. This analysis shows efficiency in the floor plan and other parameters, for its use as a Catholic church. There is, on the other hand, a Maghrebi archaeological project rigor; in terms of its construction system, its forms and its decoration. We must also highlight the wise decision of including in the chapel a missing Spanish historical architectural element, such as the roof of the convent of San Juan de la Penitencia de Toledo. This non-Islamic element was skillfully integrated into the Maghreb environment of the Campanar chapel.
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Las salas Cinéac de Adrienne Gorska y Pierre de Montaut: adaptar un “tipo”
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-10-31) Moreno, Maria Pura
[EN] From the 1930’s on, a variant in the western architecture of movie theatres built in previous decades came to light. This variant, smaller and more unassuming in its decoration and size, was the result of another economic context and, above all, of a novel programming of newscasts and documentaries in short sessions and continuous slideshows called, depending on the country of your projection, ‘newsreels’, ‘cinegiornali’, ‘actualités filmées’, or ‘wochenschauen’. The establishment of the chain of movie theatres ‘Cinéac -cinéma et actualités’ in French-speaking countries, mainly by the entrepreneur Reginald Ford, gave rise to the proposal of spatial and technical answers to the demands of aspects such as acoustics, optics, a continuous flow of people, safety or ventilation, from the sector of architecture which was most functionalist. In this article the Cinéac built by the architects Adrienne Gorska and Pierre de Montaut, pioneers in projects for this program of leisure, will be analysed. The aim is to demonstrate the technical rigor on which constructiveness, as the leitmotiv of longed for perception, was based. The critical re-reading of layouts and sections will reveal that, behind the prominence of bright facades, there were hidden spatial criteria different from those of the previous cinemas, leading to, as a whole, what was to be a typological adaptation to a function that had already been established.
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La influencia de Leberecht Migge en la creación de las Siedlungen productivas modernas
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-10-31) Arredondo Garrido, David
[EN] Agriculture and food production has not been a central issue in the discourse of contemporary architecture and urbanism. In spite of this, it is possible to recover some interesting projects of architects who made serious efforts to reverse the disconnection between rural and urban worlds. Professionals who looked for a direct relationship between house functionality and food production. Some periods of crisis, like the interwar period in Central Europe, created an ideal atmosphere for the appearance of proposals that sought the food self-sufficiency of its inhabitants. This article aims to contextualize the role of the landscape architect Leberecht Migge and his connections with some architects in the creation of the modern Siedlungen. Migge's labor was eclipsed by the great masters of the Modern Movement with whom he worked, but he played a key role in the success of productive housing. His theoretical work and his designs stand out as the most effective and relevant modern Siedlungen where agriculture is fully integrated with housing. This trend ran parallel to the most groundbreaking proposals of the Modern Movement, but only for an ephemeral journey. Once the crisis that allowed its flowering was overcome, these same architects forgot self-sufficiency forever as an objective of their interventions.
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Eco-neighbourhoods: the last frustrated outline of the great history of Utopia?
(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-10-31) Violeau, Jean-Louis
[EN] Utopia today draws a critical horizon rather than a promising future. Too often, this promise may have been a tool to plea for patience and justify the immediate sacrifices in the name of a nebulous future. For a long time the construction of the city was an integral part of a larger project to build a new society. But under the contemporary aegis of "sustainable development", the new sentence is yet to take an original form. In eco-neighbourhoods, the plot is still despotic, and it only re-emerges from its box under the spectre of heliotropism, under the aegis of thermal performance and of neighbourhood plans dictated by the housing orientation. As for the "smart city" -a discovery of the field of marketing-, it will always draw a smile in our faces. Whereas sustainable development emerged in the 2000s as a soft and unanimous slogan, degrowth took over in the 2010s, turning into a hard cleaving slogan. But how to envision the "project" within this horizon without adopting a regressive posture?

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