Ingeniería del Agua - Vol 22, No 1 (2018)
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Artículos
- Tendencias de la precipitación y su relación con el Índice Oceánico El Niño. El caso de la Región Mixteca, México
- Estimación de las curvas características de operación de sistemas de impulsión operando como turbinas a partir de su curva motriz trabajando como bomba
- Análisis implícito del flujo transitorio de agua con aire disuelto
- Plan de seguridad del agua en los Campos de Refugiados Saharauis en Tindouf (Argelia)
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- PublicationPlan de seguridad del agua en los Campos de Refugiados Saharauis en Tindouf (Argelia)(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-01-30) García, R.; Blanco, R.; Anta, J.; Naves, A.; Molinero, J.; European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations[EN] Since 1975, about 165,000 people from Western Sahara are living as refugees in the Sahara Desert near Tindouf (Algeria). Available water resources come from deep boreholes located up to tens of kilometers away from the settlements of the population, bulk water is treated in reverse osmosis plants and by chlorination systems and, after, distributed through a network of taps and water tankers. Water supply system complexity and extreme conditions force the elaboration of a Water Safety Plan, aiming to guarantee appropriate provision and quality of water. The plan follows a risk assessment methodology and establishes control mechanisms to minimize risk impacts, which are compiled in six action protocols for infrastructures and water quality monitoring. As a novel contribution, the proposed methodology developed in the refugee camps incorporates besides the conventional water quality assessment concepts, the analysis of the volume of supplied water, linked with some water-washed diseases. Since the end of 2014, those protocols have begun to be applied obtaining results that have a positive effect on the life quality of refugees.
- PublicationAnálisis implícito del flujo transitorio de agua con aire disuelto(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-01-30) Twyman, J.[EN] The implicit finite-difference method (IFDM) for solving a system that transports water with dissolved air using a fixed (or variable) rectangular space-time mesh defined by the specified time step method is applied. The air content in the fluid modifies both the wave speed and the Courant number, which makes it inconvenient to apply the traditional Method of Characteristics (MOC) and other explicit schemes due to their impossibility to simulate the changes in magnitude, shape and frequency of the pressures train. The conclusion is that the IFDM delivers an accurate and stable solution, with a good adjustment level with respect to a classical case reported in the literature, being a valid alternative for the transient solution in systems that transport water with dissolved air.
- PublicationEstimación de las curvas características de operación de sistemas de impulsión operando como turbinas a partir de su curva motriz trabajando como bomba(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-01-30) Romero-Marrero, L.; Pérez-Sánchez, M.; López-Jiménez, P. A.[EN] The current research presents a methodology to select pump working as turbines (PAT) in recovery system in water distribution networks using their pump characteristic curve. The methodology is based on the review of the empirical methods that are currently proposed and enables the empiric estimation the operating point of the energy converter. The methodology determines the analysis of the operation point (flow, recovered head and efficiency) both constant and variable flows over time. When the flow changes, the methodology uses experiments curves that are based on characteristic parameters (discharge and head number). This proposal was applied on case study that is located in Callosa d’en Sarrià (Alicante). In the analyzed case, the recovered energy was 76884.71 kWh/year, representing 74.2% of the current energy that is dissipated by the pressure reduction valve.
- PublicationTendencias de la precipitación y su relación con el Índice Oceánico El Niño. El caso de la Región Mixteca, México(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-01-30) Martínez-Austria, P. F.; Díaz-Jiménez, D.[EN] The occurrence of droughts is a permanent concern in arid and semi-arid zones, especially for socially vulnerable ones such as the Mixteca Region in Mexico, a condition that can be aggravated as climate change scenarios predicts. The general circulation models do not allow forecasting precipitation conditions at regional scales, so it is necessary to study local climate behavior and trends. Determining the relationship between local climate and large-scale phenomena, such as El Niño / La Niña events, is relevant to set up prevention measures. This article analyzes the precipitation trends in the Mixteca Region of Mexico, determines the presence of a statistically significant trend in observed decrease in precipitation, and analyzes the relationship between precipitation conditions in the zone and the Ocean Niño Index. It is shown that there is a statistically significant trend of decreasing precipitation, and it is found that there is a correlation between the El Niño Oceanic Index and the conditions of extreme precipitation -humidity or drought- in the region.