Ingeniería del Agua - Vol 23, No 3 (2019)
Tabla de contenidos
Artículos
- Discretización de la red para el análisis del flujo transitorio
- Un estudio sobre el rendimiento de separación de tubos helicoidales aplicados a flujos bifásicos de agua y aceite de oliva
- Filtro de cascarilla de Ricinus communis y carbón vegetal para tratamiento de agua contaminada con hidrocarburos: diseño de un sistema en serie por etapas
- Pasado, presente y futuro de la desalación en España
- Modelización hidrodinámica del flujo sobre diques de materiales sueltos
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/124714
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Item type: Artículo , Access status: Abierto , Modelización hidrodinámica del flujo sobre diques de materiales sueltos(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019-07-31) Cantero-Chinchilla, F.N.; Bergillos, R.J.; Castro-Orgaz, O.; Agencia Estatal de Investigación[EN] This paper presents a comparative analysis of the last advances in depth-averaged modelling of overtopping flow over granular dikes. Among the most relevant models in this field, three families of models are described: (i) non-hydrostatic models with sediment transport, (ii) hydrostatic models with sediment transport and dynamic granular beds, and (iii) hydrostatic models with sediment transport as bed-load. To study their suitability, examples of the three families of models are compared using experimental data of dike overtopping. Whilst the hydrostatic model with bed-load sediment transport shows a fair agreement with the experimental data, the results by the non-hydrostatic model produces a more accurate free surface profile up to the dike crest domain. The results by the hydrostatic model assuming dynamic bed deformation enhances the predictions near the dike toe downstream. Finally, the limitations of the models are discussed.Item type: Artículo , Access status: Abierto , Pasado, presente y futuro de la desalación en España(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019-07-31) Cabrera, E.; Estrela, T.; Lora, J.[EN] A summary of the evolution of desalination in Spain, in the worldwide context, spanning over half a century of history, follows. What started as a solution to resolve occasional water shortages in islands where natural surface and ground water resources were scarce, has gained more relevance with technological advancements, less expensive production costs and, at the same time, minimizing the impact on the environment. But fifteen years ago, the normal pace of history underwent an about-turn with the sudden construction of a significant number of desalination plants. The speed and, on occasions, the haste involved in many of the decisions, brought about some imbalance between the different players that were involved. Time, and above all, technological maturity have clarified the situation, and most of the desalination plants that were built have managed to find their place, thus justifying the investment that was made. But there are still some stages to address, particularly that of integrating these plants in the joint water resource operation systems. In this regard, consumers must accept that desalination plants competing with traditional water resources, greatly improve the guarantee of supply, and in fact act as a new water insurance that, indeed, has a cost. Today however, and particularly in the future, desalination in Spain plays and will continue to play an essential role, especially in the southeast Mediterranean region and in some of the more touristic islands.Item type: Artículo , Access status: Abierto , Filtro de cascarilla de Ricinus communis y carbón vegetal para tratamiento de agua contaminada con hidrocarburos: diseño de un sistema en serie por etapas(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019-07-31) Marín Velásquez, T.D.; Heredia-Jiménez, V.I.; Alcarraz-Curi, M.[EN] The objective of research was to evaluate a system of three filters in series, using shells of Ricinus communis and charcoal. Each filter was constructed with PVC plastic tubes and the granular filter packs, two of husk and one of charcoal, were placed to filter the descending water by gravity. Water contaminated with 5 and 10% Diesel was used and samples were taken at the each filter exit of to measure the TSS and Oil and Greases variables, using of ASTM D5907 and EPA Method 1664 A standards. The tests were done in triplicate, with a factorial ANOVA design and Fisher’s LSD test with significance α = 0.05. The filtering system was efficient to reduce the parameters to values allowed by the Peruvian environmental norms, being more efficient for AyG. The efficiencies showed significant differences by filtration stages, but were equal for % Diesel.Item type: Artículo , Access status: Abierto , Un estudio sobre el rendimiento de separación de tubos helicoidales aplicados a flujos bifásicos de agua y aceite de oliva(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019-07-31) Vallesquino, P.; Molina, A.; Universidad de Córdoba, España[EN] Studies on water and oil two–phase flows, developed in helical pipe separators, are not numerous and seem to be currently restricted to the petrochemical industry. The present work has been done to study the performance of these devices when they are applied to water–olive oil dispersions at different oil cuts. In this line, two experimental devices have been constructed to analyze the separation yields achieved under different operating conditions. Variables like the Reynolds number, the pressure head losses or the outflow ratios have been taken into account to determine their optimal performance range. The results obtained indicate that, in water–olive oil systems, it is possible to obtain separation yields of close to 100% with small pipe diameters, reduced helix radii and low energy requirements. This fact opens up the way to carry out the design of these devices from other points of view.Item type: Artículo , Access status: Abierto , Discretización de la red para el análisis del flujo transitorio(Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019-07-31) Twyman, J.[EN] When applying the method of characteristics in the transient analysis, the pipe network should be discretized in such a way as to avoid the appearance of errors due to the non- compliance of the Courant condition, which can be difficult to achieve since the systems are generally composed by pipes which are diverse in terms of their physical characteristics (length, constituent material, etc.). To solve this there are techniques such as the method of the wave speed adjustment (MWSA) which, despite being an easy method to apply, must comply with several conditions difficult to verify, even in very simple systems. When analyzing a more complex system, it is concluded that the process of eliminating the conflicting pipes or replacing them with fictitious pipes allows obtaining a solution close to the exact one without the need to apply the MWSA, this at low execution times and without affecting noticeably the results quality.