24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age

Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura September 27, 2017 – September 29, 2017

XXIV ISUF Conference in Valencia marks as its objective the updating of studies in urban morphology and urban and territorial planning on a two-fold global concern, environmental sustainability and social and urban inequality, concern to be focused on the development of new analytical techniques. First concern, environmental sustainability, is addressed in Topics nº 1 “Stages in territorial configuration”, nº 4, “Efficient use of resources for a sustainable city”, nº 5 “Transforming the existing city”, and nº 8, “Urban green space”.

Second concern, social and urban inequality, is addressed in Topics nº2 “Urban form and social use of space” and nº3, “Reading and regenerating the informal city”.

The emphasis in new analytical methods is addressed in Topics nº6 “Cartography and Big Data” and nº7, “Tools for analysis in urban morphology”.

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/111951

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Mostrando 1 - 20 de 168

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Introverted and knotted spaces within modern and contemporary urban fabrics: passages, gallerias and covered squares
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-04-20) Falsetti, Marco; Ciotoli, Pina
The scenic plaza mayor shares with the theater organisms some formative characters, since they both derive from a transformation, by knotting, of pre-existing buildings and fabrics. This architectural transformation is generated, at the beginning, by a change in the modalities of using public space. As for the corral de comedias, the process is due to the sedentarization of the theatrical practice, which abandons the itinerant dimension of the street to move inside the buildings (such as private homes and palaces). The original corral de comedias was in fact set up inside an open place that could be covered, and this feature became permanent over time, creating a new building type. Similarly, since the sixteenth century, squares became the fundamental location of Spanish civic life as well as they hosted all sorts of political, religious and festive representations, but also the venue of executions. For this purpose, namely to allow people to watch such events, the squares were transformed, by raising temporary walls and walkways. In some cases, like Tembleque and San Carlos del Valle, they began to realize permanent continuous balconies, with solutions that seem to have followed the same morphological evolution of corrales de comedias. In both cases it was necessary to unify different elements (buildings or rooms) and connect them to each other, through a process of “knotting”, in order to create a new organism. Over time the physiognomy of the spaces, originally open, assumed the permanent characters of a new type, closed and similar to the courtyard of a “palazzo”.
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Environmental and energetic operation in “El Ensanche” of Valencia
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-04-20) Colomer Alcácer, Juan; Portales Mañanos, Ana; Urios Mondéjar, David; Departamento de Urbanismo; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura
[EN] The present paper focuses on the urban parameters we need to study, in order improve the environmental behavior on our cities. It goes deeper on how density and urban compactness can deal with some of the most important urban issues on environmental point of view. On the one hand they permit a better social cohesion due to urban proximity spaces including pocket parks, local trade, public facilities and allows identity social progress. First, it is necessary to make a brief introduction of Valencia urban morphology consolidation through the years, it is needed to begin with an accurate understanding on how does it is urban form on every case study, to could achieve our propose. Secondly, we need to do a climate analysis for Valencia weather conditions. It will detect the best bioclimatic strategies to reduce energy needs, and to create better microclimatic urban conditions. Finally the paper will show studies on the “El Ensanche” urban grid on solar passive gains strategies, internal gains and sun shading. Every strategy will demand form us to taking into account an evaluation on the limits between urban changes and the heritage protection. So this paper will link climate conditions with the urban form of the “El Ensanche” grid to clarify how the city leads with the energetic and environmental parameters. Thus, will allow us to put on the table most effective proposals for improve our cities.
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Evolution of the Urban Form in the British New Towns
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-04-20) Deltoro-Soto, Julia; Blasco Sánchez, María Del Carmen; Martínez-Pérez, Francisco-Juan; Departamento de Urbanismo; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura
[EN] Even if the urban experience of the British New Towns, created after the New Towns Act of 1945 as a solution to the problems derived from the superpopulation of great cities such as London, is already far in time it can still offer us some lessons. Lessons which could help us when intervening in current process of development and transformation of the urban form. This article analyses these experiences from its morphology, studying their formal characteristics and the organization of the several uses of the city, as well as the diachronic evolution of their criteria of spatial composition. The First New Towns mainly followed the characteristics stated in the Reith Report [HMSO, 1946 a] and the consequent New Towns Act [HMSO, 1946 b], which defined the scale of the new cities, their uses and zoning, location, areas, distances, social structure or landscape among other. Their urban forms evolved with time and were the result of many strategic and design decisions taken which determined and transformed their spatial and physical profiles. According to the Town and Country Planning Association [TCPA, 2014] New Towns can be classified in three Marks as for their chronology and the laws that helped to create them. But if we focus in their urban form, we can find another classification by Ali Madani-Pour, [1993] who divides them into four design phases, which give answer to different social needs and mobility. The analysis of the essential characteristics and strategies of each of the phases of the New Towns, applied to the configuration of the urban form of some of the New Towns, the ones which gather better the approach in each of the phases, will allow us to make a propositional diagnose of their different forms of development, the advances and setbacks; a comparative analysis of different aspects such as mobility and zoning, local and territorial relations, structure or composition. The conclusions of the article pretend to recognize the contributions, which come from their urban form and have them as a reference for new urban interventions in the current context, with new challenges to be faced from the integral definition of the city.
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Resistance & Permanence of Green Urban Systems in the Globalization Age
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-04-20) Occhiuto, Rita
[EN] The rapid transformation and the trivialization of landscapes in Wallonia (BE), require reformulating tools and objectives of morphological studies. Built fabrics and landscapes show the effects of abandoning or losing interest in the interrelations between natural and human actions. This contribution focuses on studies of cities and territories that have ceased to be the object of spatial policies attentive to the relationship between the need to live, maintain or care for green or natural spaces. After the systematic reduction of urban environments to simple green covers, morphological reading allows the recognition of traces of park systems or green infrastructures, whose communities often do not remember. The research's focus has shifted from the building to the green space structure. This displacement of interest makes it possible to find commons cultures that have acted on the territory of Liège (industrial city) on the one hand, through the building’s extension and on the other hand, through the project of forests, walks, squares, parks and public gardens. Now, these fragmented places become the main resource for reorganizing natural and human systems in order to offer new - social and spatial - coherence for tomorrow. Thus the historical green systems become a strong structuring link which serves to seek new dialectics of balance between existing fabrics and green systems. This system’s regeneration stands, on the one hand, to the hybridization of materials - water, green and buildings - and, on the other hand, to the physical and mental memory of the inhabited environments that populations keep. Green systems impose themselves as powerful vectors for the construction of new socio-spatial balances of cities and territories of globalization, as in the study case for the landscape systems in Liège and for the water and landscapes infrastructure in Chaudfontaine.
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Study for a new definition of the southern side of Prato della Valle in Padua, Italy
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-04-20) Pietrogrande, Enrico; Dalla Caneva, Alessandro
[EN] The boundary wall of the Santa Maria della Misericordia convent continuously delimited the southern limit of the Prato della Valle space in the southern part of Padua’s historical centre. Its presence was one of the elements that more than two century ago inspired the enlightened proposal by Andrea Memmo, the Superintendent of the Republic of Venice, and Domenico Cerato, a design professor at the University of Padua. Subsequently the straight and continuous limit was replaced by the discontinuous architecture of the Foro Boario entrance, built in 1913 according to a design by Alessandro Peretti; this weakened the overall solution based on an elliptical shape and the communicative power of the nearby basilica of Santa Giustina. The examination here presented dwells on these limits, simulating the virtual introduction of architectures with a continuous front to the southern edge of the Prato della Valle. One example is the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art built in Kansas City between 1930 and 1933, based on a design by the brothers Thomas and William Wight, and expanded in 1999 by Steven Hall. The study generally confirmed that the compactness of the building’s front newly provides strength to the late 18th century Memmo’s creative intuition, which gave a sense of unity to the general emptiness thanks to the certainty of its borders, and gives again the Basilica of Santa Giustina its monumental size. This paper investigates the composition of heterogeneous fragments, excerpts from the inventory of collective memory, and the resulting unpredictable architecture in an urban context.
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Linear parks understood as vertebration instruments of the city
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-04-20) Bosch Reig, Ignacio; Bosch Roig, Lluis; Marcenac, Valeria; Salvador Luján, Nuria; Departamento de Proyectos Arquitectónicos; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura; Instituto Universitario de Restauración del Patrimonio; Grupo de Investigación en Arte y Arquitectura Contemporánea
[EN] This research raises as thesis the idea that Linear Park is an urban instrument capable of vertebrate the city and, consequently, of regenerate it. To this end, ten parks strategically located in big cities such as Rio de Janeiro, London, Paris, Madrid, Barcelona, or in medium or small cities such as Valencia, Castellón or Figueres, have been analyzed. Of this analysis we have deduced some characteristics that are considered key in the linear and transversal vertebration of the city, such as: - Green axis-corridor approach - Sequence of events with integration of public buildings - Continuity derived from the union of different areas - Promotion of active leisure activities, individual or collective: sports, cultural, .... - Capability of relation and regeneration of ecosystems: forest, meadow, orchard, nurseries, water, city, .... - Capability to restore environment, with reduction in CO2, in noise pollution, ... - Establish relations between the city and the territory with definition of natural parks - Contribute to prevent thermal inversion in the city - Establish a beginning and an end as recognizable elements in city. - Confrontation of opposites: static or dynamic; soft (green) or hard (pavement); unitary or fragmentary, cartesian or organic, ... The parks thus understood can be organized in diverse typologies, such us: classic order; in net; upholstery-continuos map; linear order with grooves, tapes or bands; landscaper and naturalist; ... .. The work delves into these themes by recognizing tools of interest such as: harmonic relationship; human scale; non-guided tours; sensory experimentation: spaces, sights, aromas, sounds, colorful, ...; unexpected and random; pragmatic and passionate; order within disorder; activation of spaces without hierarchies or apriorisms; flee from monotony; evocations; ...
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How urban morphology influences the walkability?
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-04-20) Barros, Ana Paula; Martínez, Luis Miguel; Viegas, José Manuel
[EN] It is known that the Modernism greatly influenced the way people use spaces, the car use was prioritized, changing the function of the street from a meeting space (human scale – Gehl, 2010) to a passage space (motor scale). It is in this context that this paper aims to present the aspects that interfere in the walkability with focus on different urban morphologies. For this purpose, the study was applied to three neighbourhoods of Lisbon (Portugal) with different morphological characteristics: Graça (organic mesh), Campo de Ourique (regular mesh) and Telheiras (contemporary mesh) and then for the analysis methodological were applied their respective axial maps – derived from the Space Syntax Theory (Hillier and Hanson, 1984). The findings show that, as some authors (Hillier and Hanson, 1984; Handy, 1996; Holanda, 2002; Medeiros, 2013) state, there are differences in performance between different urban forms. According to Jacobs (2000) and Gehl (2010), modern spaces or those that suffer the influence of modernism have morphological elements that repel people, which make the space almost desert, without life. Therefore, it is concluded that depending on the morphological characteristics present in the space there will be more or less life. In other words, the greater segregation between the morphological elements, lower the presence of people in public space.
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The heritage of the Modern Movement in the conformation of the city. The Casa Guzmán of Alejandro de la Sota
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-04-20) Burgos Vijande, Alberto; Carrau Carbonell, Teresa
[EN] The “Casa Guzmán” of Alejandro de la Sota, Master in the spanish Modern Architecture, has been recently demolished. From where are we coming and where are we heading in the building of our cities? This cultural catastrophe is a symptom of the way in which the new metropoli evolves, reckless, adrift… “Let the single family household be the test tube, the microscopic preparation of the great experiences”. The Casa Guzmán means the resolution of the constant worries about the habitat. There, Sota materialized topics such as the relation of human being with nature, the order and the freedom of movement, the space flexibility and many other toics which are translated and reflected in the architecture of greater scale, in the city itself. Where are we then the architects? We are the responsible ones of the becoming of our heritage, of keeping safe the great architecture and constant evolution of our city. The heritage of the modern movement becomes fragile in this speech. Let’s bet for it, for our culture. We should anticipate, as Le Corbusier in the safeguard of the Ville Savoie, with that productive attitude. The maintenance of our Heritage and therefore the increase in the value of urbes, begins with the formation. By now, a long distance of the path has been traveled by organism such as Docomomo o the Alejandro de la Sota Foundation, who spread and make accessible the architecture of the XX century. But there is still plenty of the way ahead. Let’s follow Sota’s advice: Protect the heritage not with ordinances, but with sensitivities. That is the only way”.
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Urban Art and place. Spatial patterns of urban art and their contribution to urban regeneration
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-04-20) Guerrero Balarezo, Maria Laura; Karimi, Kayvan
[EN] Cities face several challenges regarding public space and urban regeneration. Some of them are the depersonalization and lack of interest of citizens in their own city, privatization, gentrification, technologization and gender-insecurity. Public spaces lose their character as articulator and generator of human relations, while neighborhoods lose their role as the basic unity of community and urban identity. Nowadays, many bottom-up strategies have arisen as expressions of neighborhood’s inhabitant’s will, producing cultural diversity and civic engagement, with a placemaking effect. Urban art is one of them. Social and economic products of urban art have been studied, but the spatial manifestation and impact have been largely absent from the discourse of urban morphology. Spatial conditions are representational of social practices like art, by structuring patterns of movement, encounter and separation in the city (Cartiere & Zebracki, 2016). This study aims to discover the spatial relation between urban art displays and the network of public spaces, and whether this pattern has a role in neighborhood regeneration. To identify these relations in Shoreditch, London, Space Syntax analysis and spatial clustering were used, combined with a survey of geographically located public urban art (extracted from social networks data). Also, the spatial patterns of land prices and land uses from 1995 to 2016 were examined. Research showed that various types of artwork have a strong relation with certain spatial network characteristics and visibility of locations from each other. Economic and use outcomes were also related to the development of the art pattern through the years.
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Urban compactness and growth patterns in Spanish intermediate cities
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-04-20) Jiménez Romera, Carlos; Hernández Aja, Agustín; Vázquez Espí, Mariano
[EN] Contemporary processes of urbanization have outpaced the traditional notion of city. Connectivity has become a distinctive characteristic of urban spaces, so that networked cities don’t rely anymore on continuous urbanized areas, but on connections that rarely leave a direct spatial footprint. The new spatial structure of urban areas include greater inter-penetration of built-up and open spaces, and the emergence of urban enclaves, which can be spatially isolated despite being functionally connected to a city. In order to study these enclaves and their impact on urban form, a sample of 47 Spanish functional urban areas was examined, ranging from 36,000 to 6.0 million inhabitants. Land use polygons provided by SIOSE were grouped into three main categories (residential, non-residential and urban infrastructure) and cross-matched with functional urban areas defined by AUDES (an iterative method than combines morphological and functional criteria) in order to calculate compactness proximity index, gross and net density. Factors that influence urban compactness were identified: most northern and some coastal urban areas display a low compactness which can be attributed to orographic conditions; bigger cities tend to display high compactness, but smaller ones display a great diversity of values, from the highest to the lowest. A further analysis of small and intermediate cities helped to identify two complementary mechanisms of urban growth, spatial expansion of core areas and functional integration of peripheral nuclei, whose ocurrence in different proportions can explain the variation of compactness in the studied sample.
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Future scenario’s for post-industrial Eindhoven. A fringe-belt perspective
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-04-20) Lammers, Daan; Pereira-Roders, Ana; Van Wesemael, Pieter
[EN] Although fringe-belt analysis is increasingly recognized as sound baseline for research to inform the operational level of spatial urban planning, e.g. urban management plans, little research has yet focussed on its potential on the strategic level of spatial urban planning. In general, strategic urban planning is dominated by quantitative and economically based modes of scenario analysis. More qualitative analytical approaches, such as provided by morphogenetic analysis, are usually playing a minor role if any at all. This paper aims to discuss the potential role and contributions of fringe-belt analysis to strategic spatial scenario planning. For that a plural case study is carried out based principally on fringe-belt analysis in the former industrial region of Eindhoven, The Netherlands. Multiple roles of the present urban fringe-belt composition in the anticipated scenarios of future transformation of the urban region are explored, building on the potential internal modification processes within its fringe-belts to adapt the city to these scenarios. Research outcomes are critically related to the current strategic vision of the city and urban region, to come up with recommendations to come to a more integrated, effective and authentic strategic approach. A pro-active approach towards fringe-belt modification is suggested as efficient urban development strategy, for example, channelling the increasing pressure of intensification of land-use (controlled fringe-belt alienation), or, creating social and economic value by means of fringe-belt adaptation. Results contribute to the debate on fringebelt development and future transformation in the case of former industrial and post-industrial cities and urban regions, and more specifically, on the distinctive character and role of radial fringe-belts, radial fringe-belt corridors and radial fixation lines, within the changing spatial configuration of the social and economic urban stratification
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Urban form in the tourist cities of the coast of the Canary Islands. The morphologies of leisure activities
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-04-20) Temes Cordovez, Rafael Ramón; Simancas Cruz, Moisés; García Amaya, Alicia; Peñarrubia Zaragoza, María Pilar; Departamento de Urbanismo; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura
[EN] The tourist city has been a space with few and weak reflections from the urban discipline. The developed planning, at best, has been uncritically exported from the residential city. However, in these cities, almost 12% of Spanish GDP is generated. The vast majority of Spanish coasts, especially on the Mediterranean coast and in the archipelagos, are occupied by large areas of holiday cities. Many of them were born in the first boom of Spanish tourism in the 60's. The mass tourism model, predominant in our coast, also generates a mass city. The morphology of this city does not follow the common and more consolidated patterns of the residential city. Today many of these tourist destinations begin to show of obsolescence. For this reason, the analysis of its urban form is a valuable tool in the face of its renovation project. In this work, we propose the analysis of the tourist micro-destinations of the Canarian archipelago. In order to this we will identify the main morphological patterns and characterize them from the analysis of a set of descriptive indicators related to public and private space.
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City-like Settlement to Industrial City: A Case of Urban Transformation in Huwei Township
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-04-20) Chen, Chih-Hung; Chen, Chih-Yu
[EN] City-like Settlement (German: Teilweise Stadtähnliche Siedlungen) (Schwarz, 1989; Sorre, 1952) plays an important role in the course of civilization, especially the development of industrial cities. Accordingly, this study utilizes Town-Plan Analysis (Conzen, 1960) to deconstruct the relationships between industrialization and settlement formation in order to illustrate the common origin of cities in Taiwan as a result of the emerging economy at the turn of the 20th century. The industrial city of Huwei, known as the “sugar city” with largest yields of cane sugar in Taiwan, had the largest-scale sugar refinery in pre-war East Asia (Williams, 1980). The city has grown and transformed with the factory during the four phases of morphological periods, which began at the establishment of the sugar refinery and worker housing in the middle of the fertile flooding plain in western Taiwan. The spatial arrangement was directed to operational and management efficiency, characterized by the simple grids and hierarchy of layout along the riverside. As the industry enlarged, the new urban core was planned to support the original settlement with shophouses accumulated in the small grids. Followed by postwar modernism (Schinz, 1989), the urban planning again extended the city boundary with larger and polygonal blocks. In the fourth phase, however, the sugar refinery downsized, leading to the conversion of the worker housing and the merging of the factory and the city that slowly brought to its present shape. The morphological process results in the concentric structure from the sugar refinery, providing valuable references for the preservation of the sugar industry townscape, and unveils the influence of industrialization as well as the special urban development pattern in Taiwan.
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Research of the Morphological Types of urban blocks in the Old City of Nanjing
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-04-20) Liu, Haiqian
[EN] The block is one of the basic elements of urban space and its morphology is always changing due to the accumulation and substitution of constructions in different times. This dissertation has focused on the evolution and morphological types of blocks in the old city of Nanjing, in order to reveal the characteristics of blocks in Chinese cities, where top-down plans and practical constructions have been remaining conflicted in the long history of development. Extensive studies of relevant literature, quantitative researches and graphic analyses have been adopted to meet the research aims. This research has produced a number of key findings: at the scale of the whole city, the grid of roads tend to deviate from the boundaries of morphological homogeneous districts, or to say, plan-units; blocks in the old city of Nanjing usually contain all or part of several different plan-units, which can be divided according to construction times, geographical conditions and land-use types; the morphological difference of blocks can be presented by the different plan-units contained and the configuration pattern, so in this way a classification system for blocks has been established; some regularity has also been concluded regarding the transformation of block morphology, although there are various types of blocks in the city.
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A first approach to the possible urban form of the city of Alcoy for the 21st century
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-04-20) Vidal Climent, Ivo Eliseo; Vidal Climent, Ciro Manuel; Vidal Vidal, Vicente; Departamento de Proyectos Arquitectónicos; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura
[EN] The will of Modernity to define and decide the urban form has been truncated by an endless succession of conditions related to land ownership and the many ways of justifying compliance with all kinds of rules that elude the question about form. The consequence is that they provoke a distortion of reality by blurring the entity of the city and its position in front of history.In this sense, the drift and banalization of urbanism has been directed by the bureaucratic criteria of an administration that, with or without technical knowledge, makes decisions that impact on the urban form but without acquiring commitment or responsibility towards it. The urban form is at the mercy of the local building legislation, of the road or the shape of the plots susceptible or not to be built. Irremediably, the resulting urban form, achieved both in an active and passive way, evidences the error of the procedure because it reveals an operational ignorance of the context, of history, or simply of the faith in progress.From the shelter of thought that represents the discipline of urbanism we introduce a series of urban solutions for the city of Alcoy that correspond to a possible urban proposal bounded in the time of the XXI century. This study aims to have a view of the urban form and urbanist order for the city of Alcoy and its territory under the premises of understanding both the inherited city and the needs of the new generations committed to a possible future
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The changing pattern of urban form: Example of Tripoli, Libya
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-04-20) Alakhal, Almabrok
[EN] This paper will start with a short historical background of Tripoli, and identify the periods of growth by using an evidence of maps, photos, sketches, to illustrate and the schematic of changes, then will identify the problems for the historic city in the particular era. The paper will focuses in impact of Modernism, nature, scale and speed of change – physical environment (streets, plots, buildings, land uses) and social change (uses, occupiers).
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Extending the concept of the morphological frame: a case study of Tangshan old military airport
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-04-20) Peng, Rongxi; Zhang, Zijiao; Li, Yixi; Song, Feng
[EN] The concept of the morphological frame is important in urban morphology, but it has been discussed much less than other critical concepts, such as the fringe belt and the fixation line. Passing its features on as inherited outlines, the morphological frame contains not only the linear fixation line, but also ground plan and three-dimensional aspects. In this research, the linear, ground plan, and three-dimensional morphological frame of Tangshan old military airport during the expansion of the city after the removal of the airport is identified. The former boundary roads of the airport exert obvious influences on the division of plots. The former arterial roads also function as a linear morphological frame. In relation to the ground plan, property rights and plots containing important buildings have an impact on the consequent town plan. The distinct feature of the morphological frame of the airport is its three-dimensional constraint, i.e. the vertical clearance requirement, which restricted the height of surrounding buildings. The impact of this institutional limit can last a very long time owing to the high cost of demolishing the old surrounding buildings or adding extra storeys even if the limit ceased to exist with the removal of the airport. Based on this case study, this paper refines and extends the connotation of the concept of the morphological frame and further discusses the relationship between function and form.
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The “demonstrative city”: a model from a global architectural process
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-04-20) Amato, Anna Rita
[EN] This research springs from the idea that the human-built environment, from its origin until today, is the result of a constantly developing process. Throughout this progression, one can observe the evolution of the courtyard house as if it was an architectural organism, that has now followed more than two thousand years of unfolding of human building, from the formation of the fence (interpreted as a primitive construction) till the latest innovations of housing and urban research (latter combining elements of various cultures and ages). As society has been growing and changing – recently more rapidly than ever before in history – so has the development of courtyard house, always in tight correlation with the population’s ever changeable needs. From this analysis arises a hypothesis about the dynamics of this process (a theory already established by Muratori), of which ideas materialized in practice have been most profitable for contemporary urban design. Organized within a model called “demonstrative city”, the resulting layout is a blueprint of a simplified urban environment. This system serves as a tool capable of inserting the beneficial aspects extracted from this research into the urban environment, which further confirm the validity of these results. For this reason the “demonstrative city” can’t be considered as a project, but more so as a simulation of urban reality. Establishing this as a tool in architecture will be the first step to its test in the urban project.
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Urban contrast of two cities from globalization. Gentrification, socio-cultural and economic aspects in Mexico and Valencia
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-04-20) Valiñas Varela, Maria; España-Caballero, Arturo
[EN] Globalization influences the transformation of cities, they develop changes in their composition and form, related mainly to socio-cultural and economic aspects that converge in some cases in a gentrification of spaces where the right to the city is altered, modifying its structure according To processes related to postmodernity and neoliberal policies that generate various negative changes such as the displacement of the original settlers and the deterioration of areas to the maximum to further intensify its value. However they also present positive signs such as the revitalization and improvement of spaces with new proposals that generate jobs or in some cases become places of fashion, or important tourist spots. It shows a contrast of two cities in different continent and conditions as it is the case of the city of Mexico in several points: the historical center, Polanco, Granada and the colony Rome. And in the city of Valencia in Spain: the historical center, Russafa, the Ensanche and the Cabanyal. The theme focuses on a central land dispute to recycle urban spaces that give rise to diverse public spaces of private character with commercial functions, modifying the resignification of the space, increasing the inequality and the differentiation but at the same time generating traces of similarity. The objective is to evaluate how they have modified housing, real estate market, surplus value, social practices and identity. Said analysis from a new vision with projection towards the future, by means of a complex model, analyzing the urban imaginary.
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Valencia: the territorial structures of the Roman city substratum
(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018-04-20) Cataldi, Giancarlo; Mas Llorens, Vicente
[EN] The shape of the territory and the urban settlement of numerous Valencian cities were strongly conditioned by the original imprinting of Roman planning, characterized –as it is known- by large scale infrastructures, by settlements of orthogonal axes and by the allocation of the plot division into square modular divisions called centuriae. All the later interventions took necessarily into account such structures, which underwent numerous transformations over time, especially from the second half of the twentieth century. Then innovations and developments in modern technology contributed –more than in any other period– to neglect and override the traces of the original configuration. Territorial and urban research into Roman structures in the Italian peninsula has allowed the recognition of a sufficiently large number of plans, thus allowing the development of a complete general research method to read analogous structures in different Romanized territories. The authors now propose to apply this method to the territory of the Valencian Community. The rectilinear outline of Via Augusta with its forking side paths, the orthogonal signs of the agrarian fabric, the military milestones and the administrative divisions suggest, also in this case, the possibility of retracing the original pattern. Its structure could contribute, among other things, to explain the logic of the expansions outside the walls of the historic centre of Valencia that might otherwise seem arbitrary and meaningless.

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