Fernández de Córdova Martínez, Pascual José
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- PublicationComparative Study of Different Crassulaceae Species for Their Potential Use as Plant Covers to Improve Thermal Performance of Green Roofs(MDPI AG, 2022-09-14) Gurrea Ysasi, Gonzalo; Blanca Giménez, Vicente; Fernández de Córdova Martínez, Pascual José; Cortés Olmos, Carles; Rodríguez Burruezo, Adrián; Fita Fernández, Inmaculada Concepción; Departamento de Física Aplicada; Departamento de Biotecnología; Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas; Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura; Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural; Universitat Politècnica de València[EN] The presence of green roofs in urban areas improves the energy efficiency of buildings; contributes to the capture of CO2, decreasing pollution; and improves the appearance of cities, increasing their sustainability. Additionally, green roofs must include plant species with low requirements and maintenance, and thus, succulent species could be useful in Mediterranean semi-arid regions. In this work, the thermal inertia and the effect of different succulent species as thermal barriers on mitigating the increase in temperature inside experimental compartments were studied in comparison to conventional covers used in the Spanish Mediterranean for a whole year. In general, green covers were more efficient than conventional ones for controlling temperature. Thus, temperatures under green covers were up to 8 °C lower than conventional covers and 3¿5 °C lower than the ambient temperature at noon on summer days. Furthermore, significant differences were found between green covers. Thus, despite having high thermal inertia, Aptenia cordifolia showed the worst temperature records, while Aeonium arboreum was the most efficient at mitigating temperature changes both on cold winter nights and hot summer days¿even better than Sedum spp., a usual succulent used commercially. Our results demonstrate that succulent species are efficient materials to use as green covers to improve thermal conditions in buildings in Mediterranean cities. This also suggests that the mixture of succulent species (i.e., not only made of Sedum spp.) with different colors and textures could beautify green roofs without compromising their energy efficiency.
- PublicationVariation of morphological descriptors for the evaluation of tomato germplasm and their stability across different growing conditions(Elsevier, 2018) Figás Moreno, María del Rosario; Prohens Tomás, Jaime; Casanova Calancha, Cristina; Fernández de Córdova Martínez, Pascual José; Soler Aleixandre, Salvador; Departamento de Biotecnología; Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural; European Commission[EN] Germplasm and breeding materials are usually characterized using morphological and agronomic descriptors, which should have a high heritability. Despite the widespread use of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) standardized descriptors, little information exists on environmental effects on descriptor values and their heritability. We have evaluated 12 tomato accessions from seven cultivar groups in three different environments (open-field conventional, open-field organic, and greenhouse) and characterized them with 36 descriptors. A wide range of variation was found for most descriptors, demonstrating their utility for describing tomato materials and their diversity and relationships. The analysis of descriptors variation reveals that while for some descriptors with a simple genetic control the accession effect accounts for 100% of the variation, for others like yield per plant only 10.83% of the variation observed is due to the accession effect. Although significant differences were found among environments for most descriptors, including a much higher yield in the open-field conventional environment than in the two others, the environmental effect was low for most traits. However, the genotype×environment effect generally had an important contribution to the structure of variation for many descriptors, and for three traits it had the highest contribution to the percentage of the sum of squares. As a result of the variation structure, the heritability values are high (> 0.7) for only 10 descriptors, while for five is low (< 0.3). Principal components analysis (PCA) reveals that projections in the PCA graph of a same accession grown in different environments plot together in the same area of the PCA graph. Although cultivar groups are generally clearly separated in the PCA graph, accessions from the same cultivar group in some cases are intermixed. These results have important implications for detecting tomato duplicates and establishing core collections, as well as for analyzing germplasm and breeding results, when using data sets containing data of accessions grown in different environments.
- PublicationCharacterization of Spanish Genetic Resources of Arachis hypogaea L(International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS), 2011) Cebolla Cornejo, Jaime; Fernández de Córdova Martínez, Pascual José; Nuez Viñals, Fernando; Departamento de Biotecnología; Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio NaturalDespite the importance of groundnut cultivation in Spain during the 19th and early 20th centuries very little of this diversity is represented in genebanks and the degree of genetic erosion is extremely high. During the last three years a Spanish collection of groundnuts has been established, mainly from accessions collected on the east coast of Spain and the Balearic islands, the main producing areas at the height of groundnut cultivation. This work presents the results of the characterization of this germplasm. The collection, that included controls obtained from the USDA-NGRP, represented four of the five varietal types described in Spanish literature: `Collaret¿, `Cacahua¿, `Moruno¿ (from Valencia) and `Palma¿ (from Balearic Islands). `Collaret¿ and `Cacahua¿ made up most part of the collection as they can still be found in cultivation in the areas surveyed. The typification of both types coincides with earlier descriptions. A considerable degree of variation was found in pod and seed descriptors. `Collaret¿ is characterized by a small pod size, low number of seeds and deep pod constriction. `Cacahua¿ is characterized by big pods with slight or almost absent constriction and 3 to 4 seeds per pod. In both types, two subgroups could be identified considering vegetative traits. `Palma¿ and `Moruno¿ types were originally represented only by USDA controls. The `Moruno¿ type was characterized by intermediate pod size and moderate seed constriction. One of the recently collected accessions with an ambiguous local name could be reclassified as this type with a PCA analysis. The `Palma¿ type was grouped in the PCA analysis with the `Collaret¿ type, suggesting that it could represent an introduction to the Balearic Islands from Valencia. Other accessions of the Balearic Islands corresponded to the `Cacahua¿ type and were closely related.
- PublicationCharacterization of a collection of local varieties of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) using conventional descriptors and the high-throughput phenomics tool Tomato Analyzer(Springer Verlag (Germany), 2015-02) Figás Moreno, María del Rosario; Prohens Tomás, Jaime; Raigón Jiménez, Mª Dolores; Fernández de Córdova Martínez, Pascual José; Fita Fernández, Ana María; Soler Aleixandre, Salvador; Departamento de Biotecnología; Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana; Departamento de Química; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural[EN] Conventional tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) descriptors are of great utility for gross morphological characterization but may not be practical for the precise fruit description required for distinguishing closely related cultivar groups. Tomato Analyzer is a new phenomics tool that provides multiple fruit morphology data from scanned images of fruit sections. We characterized 69 accessions of local tomato varieties from the region of Vale`ncia (Spain) corresponding to eight cultivar groups (Borseta, Cherry, Cor, Penjar, Plana, Pruna, Redona, and Valenciana) with 64 conventional and 38 Tomato Analyzer descriptors. Significant differences were found among accessions for all traits except for five monomorphic conventional descriptors, revealing a large diversity in the collection. Significant differences were also found among cultivar groups for 36 conventional and 37 Tomato Analyzer descriptors. The groups Borseta, Cherry, Penjar, Plana, and Pruna were clearly distinct and each of them presented many significant differences with the rest of groups. Conventional descriptors did not differentiate well the Cor, Redona, and Valenciana cultivar groups, but Tomato Analyzer descriptors clearly distinguish Valenciana from Cor and Redona groups. A multivariate principal components analysis (PCA) showed that with the exception of six (8.7 %) accessions, the different cultivar groups (including the very similar Cor and Redona) plotted in separate areas of the PCA graph. The results have shown that combined conventional and Tomato Analyzer descriptors in conjunction with PCA analysis are a powerful tool for characterization and classification of local tomato varieties, as well as for distinguishing between related cultivar groups. This has important implications for the enhancement and protection of local tomato varieties
- PublicationPhysical mechanisms produced in the development of nursery almond trees (Prunus dulcis Miller) as a response to the plant adaptation to different substrates(Elsevier, 2017) Mondragón Valero, Alba; López Cortés, Isabel; Salazar Hernández, Domingo Manuel; Fernández de Córdova Martínez, Pascual José; Departamento de Producción Vegetal; Departamento de Organización de Empresas; Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural[EN] Aims: The aim pursued in this work is to compare the changes induced in the plant of young almond tree by two different culture media, analysing how those changes are interrelated with a better adaptation of the plant to the open field. Methods: Two different rootstocks, GF 677 and GxN rootstock Garnem® (GN), were tested in two types of growing media: substrate 1, consisting on a substrate prepared on request and based on a mixture of 25% silica, 38% vaporized peat and 37% of washed river sand and substrate 2, based on cocopeat with coarse particle size (10¿25 mm). All plants received the same nutritive solution during the analysis. Twenty weeks after the plantation trees were uprooted and several parameters were recorded in both vegetative and radicular systems to observe the impact of the substrates. Results: The results of this study indicated that the use of different substrates produces statistically significant changes not only in root development and distribution but also in the vegetative growth. Plants grown under cocopeat substrate presented, among others, further development of the trunk and an increase in the total fresh weight of the radicular system produced mostly by a massive increase of absorbing roots, while plants under substrate 1 presented greater root system longitude. Conclusions: The selection of an appropriate substrate in the nursery of almond trees is a key factor in the early development of the young tree. Knowledge about root growth and root architecture during the first stages of development would help nursery industry to determine which should be the most suitable substrate regarding later field adaptation, survival and plant performance, focusing on the soil and climatic characteristics of the final destination of the plant.
- PublicationAssessment of biochar and hydrochar as minor to major constituents of growing media for containerized tomato production(John Wiley & Sons, 2017-08-30) Fornes Sebastiá, Fernando; Belda Navarro, Rosa María; Fernández de Córdova Martínez, Pascual José; Cebolla Cornejo, Jaime; Departamento de Producción Vegetal; Departamento de Biotecnología; Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio Natural; Universitat Politècnica de València[EN] BACKGROUND: Chars are emerging materials as constituents of growth media. However, chars of different origin differ in their characteristics and more studies are needed to ratify them for such a role. The characteristics of coir mixed with 0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% (v/v) of two biochars, from forest waste (BCH-FW) and from olive mill waste (BCH-OMW), and one hydrochar, from forest waste (HYD-FW), and their effects on growth, yield and fruit quality of two tomato cultivars (Gransol RZ and Cuarenteno) were assessed. RESULTS: Chars negatively affected plant growth and yield but not fruit quality. The effect was related to the char dose and was larger in HYD-FW and BCH-FW than in BCH-OMW, despite the high salinity of the latter, and more acute in Cuarenteno than in Gransol RZ. The results were discussed on the basis of the large particle size of BCH-FW, which could have caused low nutrient solution retention and, hence, reduced plant nutrient uptake, and the highwater-holding capacity, poor aeration and large CO2 emission of HYD-FW, which could lead to root anoxia. CONCLUSION: BCH-OMW can be used at high proportion in media for tomato cultivation. The use of BCH-FW at a high proportion might be taken into consideration after adjusting particle size, yet this needs additional assays. HYD-FW is inadequate for soilless containerized tomato cultivation. (C) 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
- PublicationCucurbita Spp. And Lagenaria Siceraria Collection Of De Center For Conservation And Breeding Of The Agricultural Biodiversity (Ccmav) Of The Polytechnical University Of Valencia(1122 Holzapfel Hall. college Park, 2000-07) Nuez, F.; Fernández de Córdova Martínez, Pascual José; Ferriol Molina, María; Valcárcel Germes, José Vicente; Picó Sirvent, María Belén; Díez Niclós, Mª José Teresa De Jesús; Departamento de Ecosistemas Agroforestales; Departamento de Biotecnología; Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana; Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica y del Medio NaturalThe Center for Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity, (CCMAV) located at the Polytechnical University of Valencia (UPV), is the reference center for the Cucurbitaceae family in the European Cooperative Programme for Crop Genetic Resources Network (ECP/GR), which is included in the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). Considering the importance of genetic diversity preservation as a tool for crop improvement, it becomes essential to collect material, as well as conserve and characterize collections. The Cucurbita spp., and Lagenaria siceraria collection conserved at the Genebank of the CCMAV include 900 accessions belonging to 5 cultivated species, Cucurbita pepo L., C. maxima Duchesne, C. moschata Duchesne, C. ficifolia Bouche and Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.