The Jaboncillo Gypsum Plaster in the Traditional Architecture of the Northwest Region of Murcia (Spain): History, Technique and Conservation

[EN] Plaster has been a fundamental material in the Murcian region architecture, playing a significant role both in past and present. Its historical use includes various techniques that not only embellish local constructions, but also add functionality to spaces. Among these techniques, stands out « The jaboncillo », a traditional method of exterior cladding characterized by its smooth and glossy finish that imitates marble. This finish reflects the cultural and architectural richness of the region, integrating itself into the local identity. The jaboncillo is used in the architecture of the Northwest region of Murcia (Moratalla, Calasparra, Caravaca de la Cruz, Bullas and Cehegín) until the 1990s. This technique is relevant not only for its physical and aesthetic properties, but also for its deep connection with the regional culture. The research will focus on ‘jaboncillo’ technique, analyzing its construction characteristics and its current state of conservation, carrying out a bibliographic and historical review to analyze the literature of this technique and document examples of « The jaboncillo » in the Northwest of Murcia. It is essential to understand how this technique has been applied in the historical architecture of the region, especially on the facades of emblematic buildings that form a part of Murcia's cultural heritage. An essential aspect of this research is the review of the history, evolution and applications of The jaboncillo, as well as the identification and classification of the main pathologies and deterioration processes affecting this material in historic buildings. The aim is to provide a comprehensive understanding of « The jaboncillo » technique and its application in the historic architecture of the northwest region. By examining the pathologies, we seek to preserve a valuable heritage and promote the continuity of the cultural identity of the región, as well as rescue its associated intangible heritage.