Disegno di fortificazioni nella cartografia tra i secoli XII e XVI

[EN] The contribution schematically analyzes themes and graphic codes related to the cartographic representation, in a period between twelfth and sixteenth centuries. Significant examples of Maps, Nautical charts, Atlases and Globes are examined, highlighting some characteristic aspects, connected to the figuration of fortified and non-fortified cities. In cartography the period considered is extremely significant. Because there is the passage from a predominantly symbolic representation of the world to a “modern” evolution of maps, based on direct observations using measuring instruments.