Approach for Assessing Seismic and Flood Vulnerability for Heritage Schools: The Case of Santo Domingo in Orihuela, Spain

[EN] Heritage schools must remain functional when impacted by natural hazard, while their heritage and cultural value should be protected. This research proposes a methodology for a detailed anamnesis based on archival information and in situ observation, whose objective is to collect sufficient qualitative and quantitative data to perform a seismic and flooding vulnerability assessment of level 1, using the FaMIVE Heritage and PARNASSUS procedures. The case study of the School of Santo Domingo in Orihuela, an Asset of Cultural Interest built as a Diocesan College between 1546 and 1646, is used to illustrate the procedure. The Orihuela region has historically suffered from quite intense earthquakes and is well known for its exposure to flooding. The complex, despite having withstood three earthquakes and several flooding events, maintains its educational use, hosting 1,600 students daily. Aligned with the Rights of the Child and Sustainable Development Goal 11, concerned with the protection and safeguard of cultural heritage, the pupils' safety, their education disruption, and the preservation of the complex heritage and social value, should be assessed and any risk mitigated. This approach demonstrates that extensive documental investigation and accurate on-site observation can be used as input to simplified numerical methods, to perform a reliable assessment of the heritage complex's exposure to past earthquakes and flooding. The results show that this methodology is a viable tool to determine the specific vulnerability of similar heritage schools.