Synergistic enhancement of Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3-PMMA thermoelectric generators via dithiol-assisted conductivity and FEM-based geometry optimization

[EN] In recent decades, thermoelectric (TE) materials have proven to be a complementary source of renewable energy, as they can directly convert waste heat into electrical energy. Energy-efficient, reliable, and scalable synthetic routes for the fabrication of TE materials and their processing into functional devices via low-energy and low-waste routes are necessary for the broader adoption of these materials in various applications. In this work, we report the formulation of hybrid thermoelectric (hTE) inks based on nanostructured Sb2Te3 and Bi2Te3, using PMMA as the polymer matrix and hexanedithiol (HDT) as the binder. Percolation studies were conducted to determine the optimal film composition, with an 80% nanoparticle content yielding the highest TE performance. Finite element modelling (FEM) was employed to optimize the device geometry, including the cross-sectional area ratio of p-and n-type legs, to maximize power output. Based on these results, a flexible hTEG was fabricated using the optimized ink composition. The device exhibited an output power of 950 nW and a Power output Density (PoD) of 40.37 nW cm-2 under a 30 K temperature gradient, significantly outperforming previously reported polymer-based flexible hTEGs incorporating chalcogenides. This study presents a sustainable and effective strategy for developing high-performance hybrid thermoelectric devices through ink formulation, composition optimization, and simulation-guided device design.