Vernacular Rural Architecture with Extradosed Vaults. Case Studies from the Inland Areas of Southern Italy

Abstract

[EN] This paper examines rural dwellings characterized by extradosed vaults, a vernacular architecturaltypology prevalent throughout the Mediterranean basin. From the Berber ghorfas to coastal residences,and from rural complexes in the Vesuvian area to the traditional structures of the Sorrentine Peninsula,this architectural form has a rich history. While often associated with coastal regions, this typology alsomanifests inland, as demonstrated by the municipality of Santa Maria a Vico in the Caserta hinterland.Here, many surviving examples- despite frequent alterations - retain essential original features, sheddinglight on a broader, often overlooked diffusion of this architectural tradition. These structures typicallyconsist of load-bearing masonry walls made from local limestone and vaulted roofs, with the extradosfrequently visible. Arranged in south-facing rows, their layouts commonly include shared elements suchas courtyards, cisterns, ovens, and rainwater harvesting systems, which are vital in areas lacking naturalsprings, reflecting a profound adaptation to local environmental conditions. This study focuses on severalsettlements within Santa Maria a Vico, evaluating their state of conservation through archival research,on-site inspections, as well as detailed metric and material surveys. This methodology has uncovered awide range of transformations over time, including the enclosure of extradosed vaults and reconfigurationsof internal spaces. Ultimately, the research aims to establish guidelines and best practices for interventionsthat not only preserve the physical integrity of these dwellings but also maintain the intangible heritagethey represent - such as historical memory, cultural identity, and traditional construction techniques -while accommodating contemporary functional needs.