Síntesis y caracterización de nanopartículas poliméricas cargadas de fármaco

Abstract

[ES] En el presente trabajo la alumna realizará síntesis de nanoparticulas polimericas (PLGA-Alginato y Fe-CS) mediante una técnica de nanoprecipitación con la finalidad de obtener partículas nanométricas y se obtendrá una caracterización a fondo de estas mismas. Tras esto se analizará la encapsulación de un colorante para realizar un estudio sobre cuan factible es esta técnica para la inicial hipotesis de encapsular un farmaco de caracteristicas similares al colorante. Y por ultimo, se encapsulará el fármaco y se hará un estudio de degradación y de liberación del fármaco en cuestión.

[EN] Since the present, trend points to an increasing interest in the use of natural ingredients in food, drugs, and cosmetics(Tønnesen & Karlsen, 2002).Therefore, the use of biodegradable polymers, in the aforementioned applications have pushed research into working with them. Natural polymers, biopolymers, have advantages such as they are non-allergic, non-toxic, antiviral, fungistatic, etc. Biopolymers of natural origin tend to be similar, often almost identical, to tissues and macromolecular substances that the biological environment can recognize and metabolize. This presents a great advantage, since they could avoid problems derived from toxicity and production of the known "foreign body reaction". As biodegradable materials, these provide the proper biological environment and improve the cellular response, although its mechanical properties are not as good as those of synthetic materials. The high biodegradability of these materials facing enzymes of living organisms, ensures that as an implant will be metabolized by physiological mechanisms. That makes a lot of sense when talking about drug delivery since the idea isto introduce a drug inside a biopolymer and while it degrades the drug is being dosed constantly. The degradation speed can be modified according to the use that is wanted to be given to the biomaterial (Sastre, de Aza, & San Román, 2004). First, the information that can be found is about the polymers that will be used to coat the nanoparticles: Alginate and Chitosan. Straightaway, information about the materials for the nanoparticles will be found. Finally, information about drug delivery systems and the techniques to create the nanoparticles will be found in the following sections.