Plasmatic Urea Nitrogen in Growing Rabbits with Different Combinations of Dietary Levels of Lysine, Sulphur Amino Acids and Threonine

Abstract

[EN] Formulating diets to maximize nutrient harnessing has positive effects on performance and environment. In the case of growing rabbits, clues exist indicating that animals with high growth rate when consuming current diets show lower protein retention than expected, and it could be related to amino acid supply. The aim of this work is to find the amino acid combination (27 experimental diets: 3 levels of the 3 main limiting amino acids: lysine, sulphur amino acids, and threonine) that would minimize the nitrogen excretion in the bloodstream, a marker of the efficiency in the amino acid use This combination is a good candidate to be tested in order to improve performance and reduce pollution.

A total of 27 experimental diets were formulated starting from the same basal mixture, with a moderate content of crude protein and digestible energy (155 g and 9.86 MJ/kg of digestible matter (DM), respectively, both estimated). The contents of lysine, sulphur amino acids and threonine were variable. The first one, close to the current recommendations (Medium, M; 8.1, 5.8 and 6.9 g/kg DM for lysine, sulphur amino acids and threonine, respectively), and two other levels were on average 15% higher (High, H; 9.4, 6.6 and 7.8 g/kg DM for lysine, sulphur amino acids and threonine, respectively) or lower (Low, L; 6.7, 4.9 and 5.7 g/kg DM for lysine, sulphur amino acids and threonine, respectively). Diets were named with three letters, indicating lysine, sulphur amino acids and threonine levels, respectively. In total, 918 weaned rabbits (28 days old) were used (34 per diet). At weaning, animals were fed ad libitum with a commercial diet until day 46, day 47 each collective cage was randomly switched to one experimental diet. At day 48, blood samples were collected at 08:00h then the animals were subjected to 10 h of fasting and a second blood sample was extracted at 21.00h. At 08:00h, Pasmatic urea nitrogen (PUN) was higher with the L level of lysine (p< 0.001), unaffected by the level of sulphur amino acids and increased with the level of threonine (p< 0.001). At 21:00h, minimum PUN was observed with the MHL diet (14.72 +/- 0.661 mg/dL). Taken into account the usual recommendations (established for a diet containing 11.3 MJ DE/kg DM, and then being 0.72, 0.51 and 0.61 g/MJ DE for lysine, sulphur amino acids and threonine, respectively), these results suggest that a diet containing more lysine and sulphur amino acids per energy unit (around 0.82 and 0.67 g/MJ DE) could better fit the growing rabbit requirements, although studies on the effects of such a diet on performance and protein retention are necessary.