- -

Effectiveness of a combined transcranial direct current stimulation and virtual reality-based intervention on upper limb function in chronic individuals post-stroke with persistent severe hemiparesis: a randomized controlled trial

RiuNet: Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia

Compartir/Enviar a

Citas

Estadísticas

  • Estadisticas de Uso

Effectiveness of a combined transcranial direct current stimulation and virtual reality-based intervention on upper limb function in chronic individuals post-stroke with persistent severe hemiparesis: a randomized controlled trial

Mostrar el registro completo del ítem

Llorens Rodríguez, R.; Fuentes, MA.; Borrego, A.; Latorre, J.; Alcañiz Raya, ML.; Colomer, C.; Noé, E. (2021). Effectiveness of a combined transcranial direct current stimulation and virtual reality-based intervention on upper limb function in chronic individuals post-stroke with persistent severe hemiparesis: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation. 18(1):1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-021-00896-2

Por favor, use este identificador para citar o enlazar este ítem: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/180368

Ficheros en el ítem

Metadatos del ítem

Título: Effectiveness of a combined transcranial direct current stimulation and virtual reality-based intervention on upper limb function in chronic individuals post-stroke with persistent severe hemiparesis: a randomized controlled trial
Autor: Llorens Rodríguez, Roberto Fuentes, María Antonia Borrego, Adrián Latorre, Jorge Alcañiz Raya, Mariano Luis Colomer, Carolina Noé, Enrique
Entidad UPV: Universitat Politècnica de València. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica - Departament d'Enginyeria Gràfica
Fecha difusión:
Resumen:
[EN] Background Functional impairments derived from the non-use of severely affected upper limb after stroke have been proposed to be mitigated by action observation and imagination-based techniques, whose effectiveness ...[+]
Palabras clave: Transcranial direct current stimulation , Virtual reality , Eye-tracking , Surface electromyography , Hemiparesis , Stroke
Derechos de uso: Reconocimiento (by)
Fuente:
Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation. (issn: 1743-0003 )
DOI: 10.1186/s12984-021-00896-2
Editorial:
Springer (Biomed Central Ltd.)
Versión del editor: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-021-00896-2
Código del Proyecto:
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//BES-2014-068218/ES/BES-2014-068218/
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/UPV//PAID-06-18/
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//TIN2014-61975-EXP/ES/REHABILITACION DE ESTADOS ALTERADOS DE CONCIENCIA EN FASE TEMPRANA/
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AGENCIA ESTATAL DE INVESTIGACION//RTC-2017-6051-7-AR//ADVANCED REHABILITATION THROUGH MIXED REALITY ENVIRONMENTS FOR STROKE AND TBI/
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/GENERALITAT VALENCIANA//SEJI%2F2019%2F017//ACTIVA: ALTERACIONES DE LA CONSCIENCIA: PROTOCOLO/
Agradecimientos:
This study was funded by Conselleria de Educacion, Investigacion, Cultura y Deporte of Generalitat Valenciana (Project SEJI/2019/017), Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad of Spain (Projects TIN2014-61975-EXP and ...[+]
Tipo: Artículo

References

Lai SM, Studenski S, Duncan PW, Perera S. Persisting consequences of stroke measured by the stroke impact scale. Stroke. 2002;33:1840–4.

Heller A, Wade DT, Wood VA, Sunderland A, Hewer RL, Ward E. Arm function after stroke: measurement and recovery over the first three months. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1987;50:714–9.

Nakayama H, Stig Jørgensen H, Otto Raaschou H, Skyhøj OT. Recovery of upper extremity function in stroke patients: the Copenhagen stroke study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994;75:394–8. [+]
Lai SM, Studenski S, Duncan PW, Perera S. Persisting consequences of stroke measured by the stroke impact scale. Stroke. 2002;33:1840–4.

Heller A, Wade DT, Wood VA, Sunderland A, Hewer RL, Ward E. Arm function after stroke: measurement and recovery over the first three months. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1987;50:714–9.

Nakayama H, Stig Jørgensen H, Otto Raaschou H, Skyhøj OT. Recovery of upper extremity function in stroke patients: the Copenhagen stroke study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994;75:394–8.

Sveen U, Bautz-Holter E, Sødring KM, Wyller TB, Laake K. Association between impairments, self-care ability and social activities 1 year after stroke. Disabil Rehabil. 1999;21:372–7.

Franceschini M, La Porta F, Agosti M, Massucci M. Is health-related-quality of life of stroke patients influenced by neurological impairments at one year after stroke? Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2010;46:389–99.

Pollock A, Farmer SE, Brady MC, Langhorne P, Mead GE, Mehrholz J, et al. Cochrane overview: interventions for improving upper limb function after stroke. Stroke. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010820.pub2.

Barker RN, Gill TJ, Brauer SG. Factors contributing to upper limb recovery after stroke: a survey of stroke survivors in Queensland Australia. Disabil Rehabil. 2007;29:981–9.

Bayona NA, Bitensky J, Salter K, Teasell R. The role of task-specific training in rehabilitation therapies. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2005;12:58–65.

Coupar F, Pollock A, Rowe P, Weir C, Langhorne P. Predictors of upper limb recovery after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil. 2012;26(4):291–313.

Hunter SM, Crome P, Sim J, Pomeroy VM. Effects of mobilization and tactile stimulation on recovery of the hemiplegic upper limb: a series of replicated single-system studies. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89:2003–10.

Lum PS, Mulroy S, Amdur RL, Requejo P, Prilutsky BI, Dromerick AW. Gains in upper extremity function after stroke via recovery or compensation: potential differential effects on amount of real-world limb use. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2009;16:237–53.

Nelles G, Spiekermann G, Jueptner M, Leonhardt G, Müller S, Gerhard H, et al. Reorganization of sensory and motor systems in hemiplegic stroke patients: a positron emission tomography study. Stroke. 1999;30:1510–6.

Lindberg PG, Schmitz C, Engardt M, Forssberg H, Borg J. Use-dependent up- and down-regulation of sensorimotor brain circuits in stroke patients. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2007;21:315–26.

Taub E, Uswatte G, Mark VW, Morris DM. The learned nonuse phenomenon: Implications for rehabilitation. Eura Medicophys. 2006;42:241–55.

Schnitzler A, Salenius S, Salmelin R, Jousmäki V, Hari R. Involvement of primary motor cortex in motor imagery: a neuromagnetic study. Neuroimage. 1997;6:201–8.

Mulder T. Motor imagery and action observation: cognitive tools for rehabilitation. J Neural Transm. 2007;114:1265–78.

Stinear CM, Byblow WD, Steyvers M, Levin O, Swinnen SP. Kinesthetic, but not visual, motor imagery modulates corticomotor excitability. Exp Brain Res. 2006;168:157–64.

Ziegler L, Schulte R, Gharabaghi A. Combined endogenous and exogenous disinhibition of intracortical circuits augments plasticity induction in the human motor cortex. Brain Stimul. 2019;12:1027–40.

Sun L, Yin D, Zhu Y, Fan M, Zang L, Wu Y, et al. Cortical reorganization after motor imagery training in chronic stroke patients with severe motor impairment: a longitudinal fMRI study. Neuroradiology. 2013;55:913–25.

de Vries S, Tepper M, Feenstra W, Oosterveld H, Boonstra AM, Otten B. Motor imagery ability in stroke patients: the relationship between implicit and explicit motor imagery measures. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00790.

Thieme H, Morkisch N, Mehrholz J, Pohl M, Behrens J, Borgetto B, et al. Mirror therapy for improving motor function after stroke. Stroke. 2019;50:e26–7.

Deconinck FJA, Smorenburg ARP, Benham A, Ledebt A, Feltham MG, Savelsbergh GJP. Reflections on mirror therapy: a systematic review of the effect of mirror visual feedback on the brain. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2015;29:349–61.

Wu CY, Huang PC, Chen YT, Lin KC, Yang HW. Effects of mirror therapy on motor and sensory recovery in chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013;94:1023–30.

Park JY, Chang M, Kim KM, Kim HJ. The effect of mirror therapy on upper-extremity function and activities of daily living in stroke patients. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27:1681–3.

Colomer C, Noé E, Llorens R. Mirror therapy in chronic stroke survivors with severely impaired upper limb function: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2016;52(3).

Gatti R, Rocca MA, Fumagalli S, Cattrysse E, Kerckhofs E, Falini A, et al. The effect of action observation/execution on mirror neuron system recruitment: an fMRI study in healthy individuals. Brain Imaging Behav. 2017;11:565–76.

Kimberley TJ, Khandekar G, Skraba LL, Spencer JA, Van Gorp EA, Walker SR. Neural substrates for motor imagery in severe hemiparesis. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2006;20:268–77.

Ziemann U, Paulus W, Nitsche MA, Pascual-Leone A, Byblow WD, Berardelli A, et al. Consensus: motor cortex plasticity protocols. Brain Stimul. 2008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2008.06.006.

Hummel F, Celnik P, Giraux P, Floel A, Wu WH, Gerloff C, et al. Effects of non-invasive cortical stimulation on skilled motor function in chronic stroke. Brain. 2005;128:490–9.

Ackerley SJ, Byblow WD, Barber PA, MacDonald H, McIntyre-Robinson A, Stinear CM. Primed physical therapy enhances recovery of upper limb function in chronic stroke patients. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2016;30:319–48.

Kubis N. Non-invasive brain stimulation to enhance post-stroke recovery. Front Neural Circuits. 2016. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2016.00056.

Klomjai W, Lackmy-Vallée A, Roche N, Pradat-Diehl P, Marchand-Pauvert V, Katz R. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation in motor rehabilitation after stroke: an update. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2015;58:220–4.

Tedesco Triccas L, Burridge JH, Hughes AM, Pickering RM, Desikan M, Rothwell JC, et al. Multiple sessions of transcranial direct current stimulation and upper extremity rehabilitation in stroke: a review and meta-analysis. Clin Neurophysiol. 2016;127:946–55.

Butler AJ, Shuster M, O’Hara E, Hurley K, Middlebrooks D, Guilkey K. A meta-analysis of the efficacy of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation for upper limb motor recovery in stroke survivors. J Hand Therapy. 2013;26:162–71.

Marquez J, van Vliet P, Mcelduff P, Lagopoulos J, Parsons M. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): Does it have merit in stroke rehabilitation? A systematic review. Int J Stroke. 2015;10:306–16.

von Rein E, Hoff M, Kaminski E, Sehm B, Steele CJ, Villringer A, et al. Improving motor performance without training: the effect of combining mirror visual feedback with transcranial direct current stimulation. J Neurophysiol. 2015;113:2383–9.

Matsumoto J, Fujiwara T, Takahashi O, Liu M, Kimura A, Ushiba J. Modulation of mu rhythm desynchronization during motor imagery by transcranial direct current stimulation. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2010. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-7-27.

Tohyama T, Fujiwara T, Matsumoto J, Honaga K, Ushiba J, Tsuji T, et al. Modulation of event-related desynchronization during motor imagery with transcranial direct current stimulation in a patient with severe hemiparetic stroke: a case report. Keio J Med. 2011;60:114–8.

Ang KK, Guan C, Phua KS, Wang C, Zhao L, Teo WP, et al. Facilitating effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on motor imagery brain-computer interface with robotic feedback for stroke rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015;96:S79-87.

Foerster Á, Rocha S, Wiesiolek C, Chagas AP, Machado G, Silva E, et al. Site-specific effects of mental practice combined with transcranial direct current stimulation on motor learning. Eur J Neurosci. 2013;37:786–94.

Saimpont A, Mercier C, Malouin F, Guillot A, Collet C, Doyon J, et al. Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation enhances the effects of motor imagery training in a finger tapping task. Eur J Neurosci. 2016;43:113–9.

Massetti T, Crocetta TB, da Silva TD, Trevizan IL, Arab C, Caromano FA, et al. Application and outcomes of therapy combining transcranial direct current stimulation and virtual reality: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2017;12(6):551–9.

Subramanian SK, Prasanna SS. Virtual reality and noninvasive brain stimulation in stroke: how effective is their combination for upper limb motor improvement?—A meta-analysis. PM R. 2018;10(11):1261–70.

Kim YJ, Ku J, Cho S, Kim HJ, Cho YK, Lim T, et al. Facilitation of corticospinal excitability by virtual reality exercise following anodal transcranial direct current stimulation in healthy volunteers and subacute stroke subjects. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2014;11(1).

Bermúdez i Badia S, Fluet GG, Llorens R, Deutsch JE. Virtual reality for sensorimotor rehabilitation post stroke: design principles and evidence. Neurorehabilitation Technol. Second Ed. 2016.

Colomer C, Llorens R, Noé E, Alcañiz M. Effect of a mixed reality-based intervention on arm, hand, and finger function on chronic stroke. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-016-0153-6.

Im H, Ku J, Kim HJ, Kang YJ. Virtual reality-guided motor imagery increases corticomotor excitability in healthy volunteers and stroke patients. Ann Rehabil Med. 2016;40:420–31.

Prochnow D, Bermúdez i Badia S, Schmidt J, Duff A, Brunheim S, Kleiser R, et al. A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of visuomotor processing in a virtual reality-based paradigm: rehabilitation gaming system. Eur J Neurosci. 2013;37:1441–7.

Grimm F, Naros G, Gharabaghi A. Closed-loop task difficulty adaptation during virtual reality reach-to-grasp training assisted with an exoskeleton for stroke rehabilitation. Front Neurosci. 2016. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2016.00518.

Karamians R, Proffitt R, Kline D, Gauthier LV. Effectiveness of virtual reality- and gaming-based interventions for upper extremity rehabilitation poststroke: a meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2020;101:885–96.

Laver KE, Lange B, George S, Deutsch JE, Saposnik G, Crotty M. Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;11(11):CD008349.

Lee HS, Park YJ, Park SW. The effects of virtual reality training on function in chronic stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:7595639.

Fuentes MA, Borrego A, Latorre J, Colomer C, Alcañiz M, Sánchez-Ledesma MJ, et al. Combined transcranial direct current stimulation and virtual reality-based paradigm for upper limb rehabilitation in individuals with restricted movements. A feasibility study with a chronic stroke survivor with severe hemiparesis. J Med Syst. 2018;42(5).

Llorens R, Borrego A, Latorre J, Alcaniz M, Colomer C, Noe E. A combined transcranial direct current stimulation and virtual reality-based intervention on upper limb function in chronic stroke survivors with severe hemiparesis. Int Conf Virtual Rehabil ICVR. 2017.

Shah SK. Reliability of the original Brunnstrom recovery scale following hemiplegia. Aust Occup Ther J. 2010;31:144–51.

Fugl Meyer AR, Jaasko L, Leyman I. The post stroke hemiplegic patient. I. A method for evaluation of physical performance. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1975;7:13–31.

Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12:189–98.

Romero M, Sánchez A, Marín C, Navarro MD, Ferri J, Noé E. Clinical usefulness of the Spanish version of the Mississippi Aphasia Screening Test (MASTsp): validation in stroke patients. Neurología English Ed. 2012;27:216–24.

Poole A, Ball LJ. Eye tracking in HCI and usability research. In: Encyclopedia of Human Computer Interaction. 2005. p. 211–9.

Merletti R, Botter A, Troiano A, Merlo E, Minetto MA. Technology and instrumentation for detection and conditioning of the surface electromyographic signal: state of the art. Clin Biomech. 2009;24(2):122–34.

Anderson H, Bland M, Byl N, Capo-Lugo C, Rose D, Sulwer M, et al. StrokEDGE II outcome measures inpatient and outpatient rehabilitation. 2019.

Lincoln NB, Crow JL, Jackson JM, Waters GR, Adams SA, Hodgson P. The unreliability of sensory assessments. Clin Rehabil. 1991;5:273–82.

Wolf SL, Catlin PA, Ellis M, Archer AL, Morgan B, Piacentino A. Assessing Wolf Motor Function Test as outcome measure for research in patients after stroke. Stroke. 2001;32:1635–9.

Diniz D, Barbosa L, dos Santos WR. Deficiência, direitos humanos e justiça. Sur Rev Int Direitos Humanos. 2009;6:64–77.

Sullivan KJ, Tilson JK, Cen SY, Rose DK, Hershberg J, Correa A, et al. Fugl-meyer assessment of sensorimotor function after stroke: standardized training procedure for clinical practice and clinical trials. Stroke. 2011;42:427–32.

See J, Dodakian L, Chou C, Chan V, McKenzie A, Reinkensmeyer DJ, et al. A standardized approach to the Fugl-Meyer assessment and its implications for clinical trials. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2013;27:732–41.

Koski L, Mernar TJ, Dobkin BH. Immediate and long-term changes in corticomotor output in response to rehabilitation: correlation with functional improvements in chronic stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2004;18:230–49.

Platz T, Pinkowski C, van Wijck F, Kim IH, di Bella P, Johnson G. Reliability and validity of arm function assessment with standardized guidelines for the Fugl-Meyer Test, Action Research Arm Test and Box and Block Test: a multicentre study. Clin Rehabil. 2005;19:404–11.

Lin JH, Hsu MJ, Sheu CF, Wu TS, Lin RT, Chen CH, et al. Psychometric comparisons of 4 measures for assessing upper-extremity function in people with stroke. Phys Ther. 2009;89:840–50.

Hsueh IP, Hsu MJ, Sheu CF, Lee S, Hsieh CL, Lin JH. Psychometric comparisons of 2 versions of the Fugl-Meyer motor scale and 2 versions of the strok rehabilitation assessment of movement. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2008;22:737–44.

Morris DM, Uswatte G, Crago JE, Cook EW, Taub E. The reliability of the wolf motor function test for assessing upper extremity function after stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;82:750–5.

Nijland R, Van Wegen E, Verbunt J, Van Wijk R, Van Kordelaar J, Kwakkel G. A comparison of two validated tests for upper limb function after stroke: the wolf motor function test and the action research arm test. J Rehabil Med. 2010;42:694–6.

Lincoln NB, Jackson JM, Adams SA. Reliability and revision of the Nottingham Sensory Assessment for stroke patients. Physiotherapy. 1998;84:358–65.

Jaeschke R, Singer J, Guyatt GH. Measurement of health status. Ascertaining the minimal clinically important difference. Control Clin Trials. 1989;10:407–15.

Page SJ, Fulk GD, Boyne P. Clinically important differences for the upper-extremity Fugl-Meyer scale in people with minimal to moderate impairment due to chronic stroke. Phys Ther. 2012;92:791–8.

Lin KC, Hsieh YW, Wu CY, Chen CL, Jang Y, Liu JS. Minimal detectable change and clinically important difference of the wolf motor function test in stroke patients. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2009;23:429–34.

Lee SJ, Chun MH. Combination transcranial direct current stimulation and virtual reality therapy for upper extremity training in patients with subacute stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014;95:431–8.

Viana RT, Laurentino GEC, Souza RJP, Fonseca JB, Silva Filho EM, Dias SN, et al. Effects of the addition of transcranial direct current stimulation to virtual reality therapy after stroke: a pilot randomized controlled trial. NeuroRehabilitation. 2014;34:437–46.

Llorens R, Noé E, Alcañiz M, Deutsch JE. Time since injury limits but does not prevent improvement and maintenance of gains in balance in chronic stroke. Brain Inj. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2017.1418905.

Woytowicz EJ, Rietschel JC, Goodman RN, Conroy SS, Sorkin JD, Whitall J, et al. Determining levels of upper extremity movement impairment by applying a cluster analysis to the Fugl-Meyer assessment of the upper extremity in chronic stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2017;98:456–62.

Lefebvre S, Laloux P, Peeters A, Desfontaines P, Jamart J, Vandermeeren Y. Dual-tDCS enhances online motor skill learning and long-term retention in chronic stroke patients. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00343.

Lindenberg R, Renga V, Zhu LL, Nair D, Schlaug G. Bihemispheric brain stimulation facilitates motor recovery in chronic stroke patients. Neurology. 2010;75:2176–84.

Chhatbar PY, Ramakrishnan V, Kautz S, George MS, Adams RJ, Feng W. Transcranial direct current stimulation post-stroke upper extremity motor recovery studies exhibit a dose-response relationship. Brain Stimul. 2016;9:16–26.

Ziemann U, Siebner HR. Modifying motor learning through gating and homeostatic metaplasticity. Brain Stimul. 2008;1:60–6.

Fonteneau C, Mondino M, Arns M, Baeken C, Bikson M, Brunoni AR, et al. Sham tDCS: a hidden source of variability? Reflections for further blinded, controlled trials. Brain Stimul. 2019;12:668–73.

Palm U, Reisinger E, Keeser D, Kuo MF, Pogarell O, Leicht G, et al. Evaluation of sham transcranial direct current stimulation for randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials. Brain Stimul. 2013;6:690–5.

Mukherjee P, Berman JI, Chung SW, Hess CP, Henry RG. Diffusion tensor MR imaging and fiber tractography: theoretic underpinnings. Am J Neuroradiol. 2008;29(4):632–41.

Maraka S, Jiang Q, Jafari-Khouzani K, Li L, Malik S, Hamidian H, et al. Degree of corticospinal tract damage correlates with motor function after stroke. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2014;1:891–9.

Lotze M, Braun C, Birbaumer N, Anders S, Cohen LG. Motor learning elicited by voluntary drive. Brain. 2003;126:866–72.

Sigrist R, Rauter G, Riener R, Wolf P. Augmented visual, auditory, haptic, and multimodal feedback in motor learning: a review. Psychon Bull Rev. 2013;20:21–53.

Serino A, Farnè A, Rinaldesi ML, Haggard P, Làdavas E. Can vision of the body ameliorate impaired somatosensory function? Neuropsychologia. 2007;45:1101–7.

Johansen-Berg H, Christensen V, Woolrich M, Matthews PM. Attention to touch modulates activity in both primary and secondary somatosensory areas. NeuroReport. 2000;11:1237–41.

Colomer C, Noé E, Llorens R. Mirror therapy in chronic stroke survivors with severely impaired upper limb function: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2016;52:271–8.

Teasell R, Hussein N. Background concepts in stroke rehabilitation—evidence based review of stroke rehabilitation. Evidence-Based Rev Stroke Rehabil. 18th ed. Evidence-Based Review of Stroke Rehabilitation; 2013. www.ebrsr.com

Page SJ, Gater DR, Bach-Y-Rita P. Reconsidering the motor recovery plateau in stroke rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004;85:1377–81.

Sörös P, Teasell R, Hanley DF, Spence JD. Motor recovery beginning 23 years after ischemic stroke. J Neurophysiol. 2017;118:778–81.

Bowering KJ, O’Connell NE, Tabor A, Catley MJ, Leake HB, Moseley GL, et al. The effects of graded motor imagery and its components on chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pain. 2013;14:3–13.

Dettmers C, Benz M, Liepert J, Rockstroh B. Motor imagery in stroke patients, or plegic patients with spinal cord or peripheral diseases. Acta Neurol Scand. 2012;126:238–47.

[-]

recommendations

 

Este ítem aparece en la(s) siguiente(s) colección(ones)

Mostrar el registro completo del ítem