Diseño y Simulación Computacional a Escala Real de Vehículos Industriales basados en los Modelos LTm 42108-1 y LTm 42081-2

Abstract

[ES] Este proyecto tiene como objetivo crear y simular dinámicamente maquinaria real en un entorno virtual, utilizando un programa de CAD (Diseño y Dibujo Asistido por Ordenador) para el montaje y un programa de CAE (Ingeniería asistida por ordenador) para la simulación, para así poder observar y aprender del funcionamiento de todos los mecanismos que estas contienen. Para este fin se han elegido los juguetes Lego©, que se crean con un sistema de construcción modular. Concretamente serán utilizados los modelos de la rama Lego© Technic pues, aunque parezcan “juguetes de niños” en realidad tienen una gran complejidad y se aprecia que detrás hay mucho trabajo por parte de los ingenieros de la compañía para poder hacer copias de vehículos y máquinas reales a escala, perfectamente funcionales. Para ello se utilizan todo tipo de mecanismos formados por engranajes, cremalleras, ejes, cuadriláteros articulados, juntas esféricas, accionadores por aire comprimido entre otros. Resulta muy interesante ver cómo consiguen construir los modelos para que su movilidad sea la correcta para su funcionamiento, pero lo más importante es que de ellos se puede adquirir una gran experiencia en mecanismos que un futuro se podrá utilizar para la creación de máquinas reales. Hay que destacar que en ningún momento de este proyecto los modelos utilizados se toman como “juguetes”, sino que se consideran máquinas mecánicas a escala.

[EN] The objective of the work is to analyze the dynamic behavior of industrial vehicles of the two most common types, those with wheels and those that use chains. Doing it with the program that is currently considered the most advanced to carry out this type of study, called Recurdyn. It is assumed that the student has a minimum knowledge of the virtual geometry creation program called Solidworks, a CAD program; and programs that allow kinematically and dynamically simulating models with multiple pieces, which are called CAE. To do this, first of all, virtual models of the prototypes to be analyzed will have to be created with the Solidworks program. Lego Technic models classified as advanced will be used, due to their mechanical complexity. To facilitate the task of identifying the pieces, the student will be provided with the real models, which he will have to assemble previously. You will be provided with the necessary virtual components so that you can create the pieces that make up each model considered. Once the models have been created, a virtual model ¿compacting¿ procedure will be carried out, so that it is made up of the set of created pieces, without access to the components that were used. It will start with models that have wheels, and then a specific technique will be applied to create models with chains. The simulation of the movement is intended to be carried out having previously defined a kinematically self-aligned model. In order to acquire the necessary knowledge to carry out the "self-alignment" of the mechanism, the CAE program called Cosmos Motion, a complement to the Solidworks program, based on the ADAMS program, will be used. Only with models without chains. Next, the Recurdyn program will be used to carry out the simulations of the most complex models equipped with wheels, and of the models with chains. Finally, we will proceed to recover the results and define the conclusions of the studies carried out. The Polytechnic University of Valencia has a use license for educational purposes of all the computer programs that will be used in the realization of this project. This project has a double professional and research orientation, and is part of the research line and teaching innovation project called "Virtual Lego Technic Models (vLTm)".