Estudio del comportamiento agronómico de pimiento injertado con patrones tolerantes frente a estrés infratérmico

Abstract

[EN] Abiotic stress due to low temperatures, even if not extreme, generates physiological alterations that can compromise the productive yields of pepper plants, due to their high susceptibility to this abiotic stress. This condition makes it necessary to increase the energy costs of the crop for heating systems in order to mitigate the effects caused by low temperature stress and achieve high yields. On the other hand, the grafting technique has been shown to mitigate the negative effects caused by low temperature stress in pepper plants and is therefore presented as a possible sustainable strategy to control this stress. Therefore, in the present study, four accessions of the species Capsicum annuum used as rootstocks of the variety "Acustico RZ F1 (35-1042)" were evaluated and compared with the ungrafted variety (VA). To carry out these evaluations, different production, fruit quality and biomass parameters were studied under two different temperature regimes (control and low temperature stress) in two greenhouses, one with optimal temperature conditions and the other with sub-optimal temperatures for plant growth. According to the results obtained, it was found that for the parameters of production and biomass, the accessions A102, A103 and A123 have shown a similar behaviour to the ungrafted variety, highlighting, only in A102 and A103, a higher number and weight of commercial fruits for the average of both temperature conditions. In spite of this, none of the accessions used managed to outperform the ungrafted variety either under control conditions or under low temperature stress conditions in terms of yield or fruit quality, possibly due to overly limiting conditions in the low temperature stress treatment, so similar experiments should be repeated with a higher low temperature threshold.

[ES] El pimiento (Capsicum annuum) es una planta sensible a las bajas temperaturas y esto incluye que se produzcan cambios morfológicos en este cultivo debido a este estrés. En el caso particular del pimiento, los factores abióticos que más afectan a este cultivo incluyen la sequía, la salinidad del suelo y las variaciones extremas de temperatura, y, la técnica del injerto, emerge como una de las posibles soluciones para mitigar este tipo de estreses, dado que diversos estudios han corroborado que ciertos portainjertos específicos otorgan a la variedad diferentes mecanismos de tolerancia o resistencia frente a dichos estreses. La búsqueda de portainjertos de pimiento que puedan mantener un rendimiento estable bajo estas condiciones adversas es fundamental para garantizar una producción y rendimientos adecuados, y, por ello, en este estudio se pretende valorar el comportamiento agronómico de distintas accesiones de pimiento para observar si son capaces de conferir a la variedad tolerancia a dicho estrés.