Assessment of parental contributions to fast- and slow-growing progenies in the sea bream Sparus aurata L. using a new multiplex PCR

Abstract

Molecular tools to assist breeding programs in the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) are scarce. A new multiplex PCR technique (OVIDORPLEX), which amplifies nine known microsatellite markers, was developed in this work. This multiplex system showed a high mean heterozygosity (>0.800) and a high mean number of alleles per marker (>14) when tested in two sea bream broodstocks (A: 40 breeders and B: 38 breeders). We tested this multiplex PCR for inferring parentage in a Spanish hatchery that graded the animals by size as part of their management procedure. The progeny of the broodstock were divided into fast- and slow-growth groups. Parentage studies revealed that this management procedure entailed a global reduction of the breeders' representation in progeny and that breeders' contributions were significantly unequal. Due to this, effective sample sizes fell to N ê¿13-14 for fast- and N ê¿18-24 for slow-growth progeny groups. These results imply a 3 to 4% rate of inbreeding per generation in the fast-growth group, which is more important to hatchery managers than the slow group. Not all the progeny were evaluated in this experiment (due to the discarding steps), and thus it is difficult to know if the phenotypic performance showed by the fast-growing progeny will be heritable. However, there were genetic differences between the differentiated growth progeny groups (fast vs. slow, F ST values=0.016 to 0.023; P<0.01). We also identified breeders with significantly different contributions to the fast- (10 breeders) or to the slow- (15 breeders) growth progeny groups. Our results demonstrated that this new multiplex PCR could be useful for quantitative programs (breeding programs, detection of QTL, inbreeding control or reconstruction of fish genealogies) to improve the aquaculture of the gilthead sea bream (S. aurata). © 2011 Elsevier B.V.