3rd Congress in Geomatics Engineering
The Congress in Geomatics Engineering aims to bring together scientists, academics and PhD students to exchange and share their results of research and innovation related to any Geomatics discipline. It offers a first-class interdisciplinary platform to present and discuss the innovations, trends, concerns, challenges and solutions adopted in the different fields of Geomatics.
This biennial Congress is born within the framework provided by the Interuniversity PhD program in Geomatics Engineering by the Universidad Politécnica de Valencia and the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/174534
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Item type: Capítulo de libro , Access status: Abierto , Land subsidence analysis caused by aquifer overexploitation using GEP tools: A-DInSAR on the cloud(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-01) Bru, Guadalupe; Ezquerro, Pablo; Guardiola-Albert, Carolina; Béjar-Pizarro, Marta; Herrera, Gerardo; Tomás, Roberto; Navarro-Hernández, María; López-Sanchez, Juan; Ören, Ali; Çaylak, Barış; Elçi, Alper; Shatanawi, Khaldoun; Mohammad, Alsharifa; Abu Hajar, Husam; Bonì, Roberta; Meisina, Claudia; European Commission[EN] Groundwater is a vitally important resource for humans. One of the main problems derived from the overexploitation of aquifers is land subsidence, which in turn carries other associated natural risks. Advanced Differential satellite radar interferometry (A-DInSAR) techniques provide valuable information on the surface displacements of the ground, which serve to characterize both the deformational behaviour of the aquifer and its properties. RESERVOIR is a research project belonging to the European PRIMA programme, whose main objective is to design sustainable groundwater management models through the study of four areas of the Mediterranean subjected to water stress. One of the main tasks of the project is the integration of the terrain deformation data obtained with satellite remote sensing techniques in the hydrogeological and geomechanical models of the aquifers. In the present work, a first evaluation of the deformation of the ground in each study area is carried out using the tools contained in the Geohazards Exploitation Platform (GEP). This is a service financed by the European Space Agency (ESA) that allows processing directly on its server, without need to store data or applications locally.Item type: Capítulo de libro , Access status: Abierto , Sustainable agriculture managements to control soil erosion(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-01) Cerdá Bolinches, Artemio; Terol, Enric; Departamento de Ingeniería Cartográfica Geodesia y Fotogrametría; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Geodésica, Cartográfica y Topográfica; Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos; European Commission[EN] High rates of soil erosion compromise sustainable agriculture. In rainfed agricultural fields, erosion rates several orders of magnitude higher than the erosion rates considered tolerable have been quantified. In Mediterranean rainfed crops such as vineyards, almonds and olive groves, and in the new sloping citrus and persimmon plantations, the rates of soil loss make it necessary to apply measures to reduce them to avoid collapse in agricultural production. Managements such as weeds, catch crops and mulches (straw and pruning remains) are viable options to achieve sustainability. This work applies measurements through plots, simulated rainfall experiments and ISUM (Improved Stock-Unearhing method) to quantify the loss of soil at different temporal and spatial scales in fields of traditional management (herbicide or tillage) and under alternative management (mulches and plant covers). The work carried out at the experimental station for the study of soil erosion in the Sierra de Enguera and those of Montesa and Les Alcusses provide information on erosion plots under natural rain. Experiments carried out with simulated rain in fields of olive, almond, citrus, persimmon, vineyard and fruit trees report the hydrological and erosive response under low frequency and high intensity rains. And finally, the ISUM topographic method report the impact of long-term management, from the plantation. The results indicate that the loss of soil is greater (x10-1000) in soils under traditional management (tillage and herbicide) due to the fact that they remain bare for most of the year. The use of straw mulch immediately reduces soil erosion by two orders of magnitude. Also mulches from chipped pruned branches remains are very efficient but require more years to reduce soil loss. Weeds and catch crops are very efficient in controlling erosion.Item type: Capítulo de libro , Access status: Abierto , Arquitectura neuronal para predicción de radiación solar en base a variables meteorológicas(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-01) Benavides, Llinet; Manso, Miguel[EN] Solar forecasting is of great interest due to the growing use of renewable energies as an alternative to the global problems posed by current energy sources. In the last decade important advances have been achieved, thanks to the introduction of results from other areas of knowledge such as Artificial Intelligence. In particular, deep learning with the many variants of neural networks. In this paper, we propose a model that combines a convolutional layer with a GRU (Gated Recurrent Units) layer to a solution based on supervised classification. The classes were defined as intervals of solar radiation values. Objects are represented by ambient temperature, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, humidity and precipitation values. A dataset with thousands of records and a representativeness of two years is available, taken from meteorological stations distributed throughout Galicia. The evaluation was done using Macro-F1 measure because the classes are unbalanced.Item type: Capítulo de libro , Access status: Abierto , Operational safety and operator management to enable the use of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) as geomatics tools(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-01) Vera, Norberto; Quintanilla, Israel; Vidal, Jordi; Fernández, Beatriz; Generalitat Valenciana; Universitat Politècnica de València[EN] Potential civil applications of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), commonly known as drones, have risen steeply during the last decade, mainly due to their versatility and capability of spatial data gathering. Nonetheless, real use of UAS is quite restricted nowadays, primarily due to safety and regulatory constraints. This multidisciplinary project aims to perform specific safety assessments using the SORA methodology adopted by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and develop documentation and procedures for operators to follow, complying with all required safety and regulatory requirements. As a result, DEURPAS-UPV is the first Spanish drone operator belonging to a university to be authorized by Spanish civil aviation agency (AESA-Agencia Estatal de Seguridad Aérea), to perform drone flights in urban areas, in controlled airspace and during the night. In addition, DEURPAS-UPV has performed the first authorized experimental transport operations using drones in Spain. The results from safety assessment and designed procedures have been successfully applied to the operation of Safety and Emergency service providers, such as Valencia Local Police Corps and the Valencian Emergency and Safety Response Agency (AVSRE - Agencia Valenciana de Seguridad y Respuesta a las Emergencias). Overall, this project has served as an enabler for more complex and safer UAS operations, from the operator’s point of view, which will help break the barriers related to the use of these aircraft, with huge potential in geomatics applications.Item type: Capítulo de libro , Access status: Abierto , Modelos empíricos de predicción del contenido de humedad del combustible vivo mediante índices espectrales de Sentinel-2 y datos meteorológicos(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-01) Arcos, María; Balaguer-Beser, Ángel; Ruiz Fernández, Luis Ángel; Departamento de Matemática Aplicada; Departamento de Ingeniería Cartográfica Geodesia y Fotogrametría; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Geodésica, Cartográfica y Topográfica; Grupo de Cartografía Geoambiental y Teledetección; Universitat Politècnica de València[EN] The water content of the vegetation affects the flammability of the vegetation and fire behavior. A standard measure of this parameter is the live fuel moisture content (LFMC), calculated as the percentage of humidity of the vegetation relative to its dry weight. The aim of this work was to predict LFMC values of Rosmarinus officinalis in forest areas of the Valencian Community (Spain) using spectral indices obtained from Sentinel-2 satellite images and meteorological data. For this, LFMC values of this species were obtained from field samples collected biweekly from June to October in years 2019 and 2020 in three forest plots in the province of Valencia (Spain). The meteorological data (precipitation, temperature, relative humidity and wind speed) were obtained from observatories of the State Meteorological Agency (AEMET) of Spain. Multiple linear regression models were applied to estimate LFMC, using as predictor variables different spectral indices generated from Sentinel-2 images, calculated using Google Earth Engine and R programming. The results obtained using smoothed spectral data with the Savitzky-Golay filter were compared with data without such smoothing, also considering the differential contribution of the meteorological variables in each of the interpolated dates for each plot with data from the study area.Item type: Capítulo de libro , Access status: Abierto , Methodological proposal for the identification of marginal lands with remote sensing-derived products and ancillary data(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-01) Torralba, Jesús; Ruiz Fernández, Luis Ángel; Georgiadis, Charalampos; Patias, Petros; Gómez-Conejo, Rodrigo; Verde, Natalia; Tassapoulou, Maria; Bezares Sanfelip, Fernando; Grommy, Ewa; Aleksandrowicz, Sebastian; Krätzschmar, Elke; Krupiński, Michał; Carbonell-Rivera, Juan Pedro; Departamento de Ingeniería Cartográfica Geodesia y Fotogrametría; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Geodésica, Cartográfica y Topográfica; Escuela de Doctorado; Grupo de Cartografía Geoambiental y Teledetección; European Commission[EN] The concept of marginal land (ML) is dynamic and depends on various factors related to the environment, climate, scale, culture, and economic sector. The current methods for identifying ML are diverse, they employ multiple parameters and variables derived from land use and land cover, and mostly reflect specific management purposes. A methodological approach for the identification of marginal lands using remote sensing and ancillary data products and validated on samples from four European countries (i.e., Germany, Spain, Greece, and Poland) is presented in this paper. The methodology proposed combines land use and land cover data sets as excluding indicators (forest, croplands, protected areas, impervious areas, land-use change, water bodies, and permanent snow areas) and environmental constraints information as marginality indicators: (i) physical soil properties, in terms of slope gradient, erosion, soil depth, soil texture, percentage of coarse soil texture fragments, etc.; (ii) climatic factors e.g. aridity index; (iii) chemical soil properties, including soil pH, cation exchange capacity, contaminants, and toxicity, among others. This provides a common vision of marginality that integrates a multidisciplinary approach. To determine the ML, we first analyzed the excluding indicators used to delimit the areas with defined land use. Then, thresholds were determined for each marginality indicator through which the land productivity progressively decreases. Finally, the marginality indicator layers were combined in Google Earth Engine. The result was categorized into 3 levels of productivity of ML: high productivity, low productivity, and potentially unsuitable land. The results obtained indicate that the percentage of marginal land per country is 11.64% in Germany, 19.96% in Spain, 18.76% in Greece, and 7.18% in Poland. The overall accuracies obtained per country were 60.61% for Germany, 88.87% for Spain, 71.52% for Greece, and 90.97% for Poland.Item type: Capítulo de libro , Access status: Abierto , Proposed methodology for establishing an early GNSS warning system for real-time deformation monitoring(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-01) Qafisheh, Mutaz; Martín Furones, Ángel Esteban; Capilla, Raquel; Departamento de Ingeniería Cartográfica Geodesia y Fotogrametría; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Geodésica, Cartográfica y Topográfica; Grupo de Cartografía, Geodesia y GPS[EN] Early Warning System (EWS) for monitoring megastructures deformation, natural hazards, earthquakes, and landslides can prevent economic and life losses. Nowadays, Real-Time Precise Point Positioning (RT-PPP) plays a vital role in this domain since it relies on precise real-time measurements derived from a single receiver, provides real-time monitoring and global coverage. Nevertheless, RT-PPP measurements and methodology is very sensitive to outliers in products, latencies and changes in the constellation geometry. Consequently, there are long initialization periods, losses of convergence and different noise sources, with a high impact on the warning system's availability or even led out to initiate false warnings. This study presents the first experiment to propose a methodology that can help the decision-makers confirm the warning based on the probability of the detected movement by using machine learning classification models. For this, in the first experiment, a laser engraving machine device was modified to simulate deformations. A control unit will be designed based on open-source software, Python libraries are implemented, and the G programming language used to control the device motions. All this research will be the background on which the early warning service will be developed.Item type: Capítulo de libro , Access status: Abierto , Detección y análisis de movimientos del terreno mediante técnicas D-INSAR en la Isla Decepción (Antártida)(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-01) De la Vega-Panizo, Rogelio; Garmendia, Andrea; Sandía Paredes, Carlos; Ropero, Miguel; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Diseño Industrial[EN] Deception Island is an active volcano on which two Antarctic bases are located, the Spanish Antarctic Base Gabriel de Castilla and the Deception Antarctic Base, with scientific personnel working there during the summer (December-March). To ensure the safety of these personnel, it is necessary to monitor volcanic and seismic activity continuously with different technologies. Among the technologies that can be used are Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (DInSAR) techniques for ground motion detection. Ground motions can have different origins, including volcanic and seismic movements. In this research we are going to analyse the movements that have occurred throughout 2018, 2019 and 2020, detected using DInSAR techniques and we will try to discriminate their origin. The detection using DInSAR techniques has been carried out with images acquired by the Sentinel 1A and Sentinel 1B satellites during the months of December to March 2018, 2019 and 2020. DInSAR techniques with image pairs have been used. Of all the possible combinations of image pairs, those with the greatest a priori possibilities were selected. Once the image pairs were selected, they were processed using the SNAP (Sentinel Application Platform) and SNAPHU (Statistical-Cost Network-Flow Algorithm for Phase Unwrapping) applications. Once the deformation maps had been obtained, the movements were analysed together with other data on the island such as topographic, geological, geomorphological, slope and orientation maps to find an explanation for each of the movements detected and to classify them according to their type of origin.Item type: Capítulo de libro , Access status: Abierto , Potential of corona satellite imagery for 3D reconstruction of archaeological landscapes(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-01) Angás, Jorge; Uribe, Paula; Bea, Manuel; Farjas, Mercedes; Ariño, Enrique; Martinez-Ferreras, Veronica; Gurt, Josep; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad; Comunidad de Madrid[EN] This paper presents a preliminary use of satellite imagery from the CORONA program in the reconstruction of the archaeological landscape of two different sites: Ancient Termez (southern border of Uzbekistan) and Khatm Al Melaha (eastern coast of United Arab Emirates in Kalba area). This analysis constitutes the first step of the work carried out in the field since 2018 at both sites for an analysis of the syntactic interoperability of multi-scale geospatial data for archaeological heritage. The aim of this work was to establish an approach for the use of CORONA satellite imagery for archaeological DEM reconstruction. The objectives of the reconstruction were conditioned for different reasons: in the case of Termez prior to the anthropic transformation of the site in the Soviet - Afghan War and in the case of Khatm Al Melaha prior to the urban, coastal and road transformation. The results have provided uneven data due to the characteristics of the existing imagery: mission, resolution, overlap, orography and different ground control point distribution. This methodology opens a door to the reconstruction of archaeological landscapes that have suffered evident deterioration for different reasons by means of historical aerial imagery in the last 60 years, practically, in some cases, as a primary and unique source for analysing this type of change from the past.Item type: Capítulo de libro , Access status: Abierto , Análisis comparativo de software para obtener MDT con fotogrametría RPAS(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-01) Arevalo Verjel, Alba Nely; Lerma, José Luis; Fernández, José; Departamento de Ingeniería Cartográfica Geodesia y Fotogrametría; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Geodésica, Cartográfica y Topográfica; Agencia Estatal de Investigación[EN] RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems) are widely used in photogrammetry for taking images due to their high spatial resolution and speed of response, being able to reach areas of difficult access, being important to design a good procedure in the field to minimize errors in data collection. It is recommended to use ground control points (GCP) using conventional RPAS, when they do not work with RTK (Real Time Kinematic) systems. Likewise, there are free and licensed photogrammetric programs on the market to generate digital surface models (DSM), terrain models (DTM) and orthophotomosaics. In this article, two photogrammetric programs are used to process images captured with RPAS, such as Agisoft Metashape and Recap Photo, using GCP and check points. The study was carried out in Almenara (Spain) where the topographic survey was carried out with RPAS, capturing 100 digital images, in an area of 0.38 km2. 6 GCP were used in order to orient the digital images well in the local coordinate system and to properly georeference the images obtained during the flight. To obtain the MDT, the CloudCompare software was used to filter the cloud of points obtained from both software. The results show a difference in height between the two DTMs of less than 28 cm, taking as a reference the DTM of the Agisoft Metashape point cloud and regarding the error in the check points, Recap Photo presented a greater error.Item type: Capítulo de libro , Access status: Abierto , Towards a precise modelling of the El Salvador fault zone using geodetic techniques(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-01) Portela-Fernandez, Juan; Staller, Alejandra; Bejar-Pizarro, Marta; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Ministerio de Universidades[EN] The El Salvador Fault Zone (ESFZ) comprises a set of a strike-slip faults, extending through the Central American Volcanic Arc within El Salvador, where the Cocos plate subducts under the Caribbean plate. These structures act as a boundary between the forearc sliver and the western margin of the Chortís block, accommodating the relative movement between them. The ESFZ has been responsible for several shallow, destructive earthquakes in El Salvador, thus posing a serious threat for millions of inhabitants. Understanding its seismic potential and the behaviour of its different segments results of great importance for the assessment and mitigation of seismic risk in the region. Geodetic techniques, such as GNSS and InSAR, are useful tools for measuring surface deformation related to tectonic activity. We are in the process of updating and densifying the existing GNSS velocity field in El Salvador, aiming to characterise the individual faults in the region by determining their slip rates and locking depth. Additionally, we will process InSAR data, trying to obtain a continuous measurement of the interseismic deformation. The combination of this information with other data (e.g. seismological and geological) through kinematic models will allow us to better understand the factors controlling the seismogenic behaviour of the ESFZ faults, evaluate their seismic potential and improve the seismic hazard assessment.Item type: Capítulo de libro , Access status: Abierto , Detección del inicio de reactivación volcánica en la isla de La Palma, Islas Canarias, y estudio de su evolución temporal(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-01) Escayo, Joaquín; Fernández, José; Hu, Zhongbo; Camacho, Antonio; Samsonov, Sergey; Prieto, Juan; Tiampo, Kristy; Palano, Mimmo; Mallorquí, Jordi; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad[EN] The island of La Palma is one of those with the highest potential risk in the Canary archipelago, therefore it is important to carry out an in-depth study to define its state of volcanic activity. This has been done using satellite radar observations and a state-of-the-art original interpretation technique. Both things have made it possible to detect the beginning of the volcanic reactivation on the island of La Palma, probably decades before a possible eruption. Its temporal evolution shows a changing spatial and temporal nature of volcanic deformation with great spatial resolution and over a prolonged period of time (2009-2020), providing information on the dynamic nature of the associated processes. The geodetic techniques used allow detecting the fluid migration induced by the injection of magma in depth and identifying the existence of dislocation sources under the Cumbre Vieja volcano that could be associated with future landslides, making it necessary to continue with the monitoring of this reactivation process using these and other techniques.Item type: Capítulo de libro , Access status: Abierto , Noise reduction in contour lines and slope maps from medium/high-density LIDAR data(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-01) Santamaría-Peña, Jacinto; Palacios-Ruiz, Elena; Santamaría-Palacios, Teresa[EN] The use of medium/high-density LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data for land modelling and DTM (Digital Terrain Model) is becoming more widespread. This level of detail is difficult to achieve with other means or materials. However, the horizontal and vertical geometric accuracy of the LIDAR points obtained, although high, is not homogeneous. Horizontally you can reach precisions around 30-50 cm, while the vertical precision is rarely greater than 10-15 cm. The result of LIDAR flights, are clouds of points very close to each other (30-60 cm) with significant elevation variations, even if the terrain is flat. And this makes the triangulated models TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network) obtained from such LIDAR data especially chaotic. Since contour lines are generated directly from such triangulated models, their appearance shows excessive noise, with excessively broken and rapidly closed on themselves. Getting smoothed contour liness, without decreasing accuracy, is a challenge for terrain model software. In addition, triangulated models obtained from LIDAR data are the basis for future slope maps of the land. And for the same reason explained in the previous paragraph, these slope maps generated from high or medium density LIDAR point clouds are especially heterogeneous. Achieving uniformity and greater adjustment to reality by reducing the natural noise of LIDAR data is another added challenge. In this paper, the problem of excessive noise from LIDAR data of high (around 8 points/m2) and medium density (around 2 points/m2) in the generation of contour lines and terrain slope maps is raised and solutions are proposed to reduce this noise. All this, in the area of specific software for the management of TIN models and GIS (Geographic Information System) and adapting the alternatives proposed by these programmes.Item type: Capítulo de libro , Access status: Abierto , El proyecto Mompa: protocolos de actuación basados en el monitoreo mediante interferometría satelital radar (INSAR)(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-01) Barra, Anna; Colell, Xavier; Echeverria, Anna; Trapero, Laura; Marturia, Jordi; Fabregat, Ivan; Gao, Qi; Cuevas, María; Gasc, Muriel; Buxó, Pere; Dufour, Nathalie; Luzi, Guido; Crosetto, Michele; European Regional Development Fund[EN] The objective of the POCTEFA - MOMPA project (Monitoring of Ground Movements and Action Protocol) is to provide a useful technical-operational tool for the prevention and management of risks due to slope movements, at a cross-border level, based on the satellite monitoring technique InSAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar Inteferometry). The tool includes two main elements: the risk evaluation, and the integration of the technique in an action protocol for the administrations in charge of Civil Protection. The study area covers around 4,000 km2 and includes a part of the eastern Pyrenees, including the countries of Spain, France, and Andorra. The project deals with risk assessment based on the ground displacement map at an interregional scale and on the detected Active Deformation Areas (ADA), to select movements with potential risk where it will then focus on an analysis at a local scale using traditional methods (photo interpretation and field work). Both the free medium-resolution data, acquired by the Sentinel-1 satellite, as well as the high-resolution data acquired by COSMO-SkyMed are used. In addition, the project focuses on the landslide event of “la Portalada” (in Andorra) that occurred in 2019. Today the slope shows a slow movement that could affect a main road located at the bottom of the valley. The Government of Andorra is implementing measures to monitor and characterize the current movement of the slope. Therefore, nine artificial reflectors were installed along this forested slope. The data obtained will be integrated into the risk prevention protocol. Here, the project and the first results obtained through satellite interferometry are presented.Item type: Capítulo de libro , Access status: Abierto , Aplicación de la geomática al análisis de recursos marinos pesqueros en la costa de la Comunidad Valenciana(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-01) Pascual Yarritu, José Pablo; Mora-Navarro, Gaspar; Femenia-Ribera, Carmen; Departamento de Ingeniería Cartográfica Geodesia y Fotogrametría; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Geodésica, Cartográfica y Topográfica; Grupo de Cartografía, Geodesia y GPS[EN] Fishing production is one of the most important economic activities in the world. It is also important at the national level as Spain ranks as one of the 25 main producing countries of marine capture fisheries (FAO 2020). Due to its importance, its impact on the volume of resources and the performance offered by current technological development, it has extended a generalized concern about the implications that overexploitation of fishery resources could have on the marine environment and on the sustainable development of species. This concern highlights the need to know the situation of marine resources, the issue that has led to the development of this research. This study seeks to understand the life cycle of a specific species, the Octopus vulgaris (octopus), by locating the areas and times of greatest and least production. For this, the data recorded about the catches of this species in the Marina Alta region, located in the north of the province of Alicante (Spain), are analyzed. On the other hand, discovering suitable areas for octopus breeding is also desired. There are already some areas dedicated to it located by the Institut de Recerca Oceanogràfica de Xàbia (IROX) and what is intended is, based on them, to analyze their marine context to find others with similar characteristics and that, therefore, could potentially be suitable for the reproduction of the species. Its finding would be a great advance in anticipating situations that compromise the sustainable development of the species. The results of the study are transferred to a geoportal where the examined variables are graphically represented. Its function is to facilitate the interpretation of the collected data and to constitute in itself a tool that allows the visualization of the movements of octopus populations over time.Item type: Capítulo de libro , Access status: Abierto , A review of the use of remote sensing for monitoring and quantifying carbon sequestration in marginal lands(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-01) Carbonell-Rivera, Juan Pedro; Estornell Cremades, Javier; Ruiz Fernández, Luis Ángel; Abad, Alfonso; Felten, Bettina; Torralba, Jesús; Departamento de Ingeniería Cartográfica Geodesia y Fotogrametría; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Geodésica, Cartográfica y Topográfica; Escuela Politécnica Superior de Gandia; Escuela de Doctorado; Grupo de Cartografía Geoambiental y Teledetección; Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad; European Commission[EN] In recent years, Remote Sensing (RS) and its derived products have been used as a key tool for the detection, monitoring, management and future use of Marginal Lands (ML). Currently, there is no single, universally accepted definition of the term and there is a wide variety of synonyms. In this paper, we conduct a compilation of synonyms and meanings that encompass the term, as well as propose a definition. To reach this objective, an overview of the state of the art of ML is done, visualising trends by science maps, based on bibliographic data of established research journals, found in Google Scholar, Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus search engines. The bibliographic review carried out shows that the study of ML has traditionally been carried out with an ad hoc basis focused on the objective to be achieved, this aspect and other knowledge gaps are discussed to analyse the global study of ML. Due to the broad spectrum of uses in which ML have been studied, the work has been focused on RS for monitoring and characterizing ML, focusing on two different aspects: (i) satellite monitoring of marginal lands; and (ii) determining carbon sequestration potential of marginal lands using remote sensing.Item type: Capítulo de libro , Access status: Abierto , Cambios espacio-temporales costeros con imágenes Landsat 8 y Sentinel 2 (2015-2019) en Chile Central; Playa Reñaca, Bahía de Concón y Bahía de Algarrobo(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-01) Briceño de Urbaneja, Idania; Sánchez-García, Elena; Pardo Pascual, Josep Eliseu; Palomar-Vázquez, Jesús; Ugalde-Peralta, Raúl; Aguirre-Galaz, Catalina; Perez Martinez, Waldo; Vidal Páez, Paulina Javiera; Departamento de Ingeniería Cartográfica Geodesia y Fotogrametría; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Geodésica, Cartográfica y Topográfica; Grupo de Cartografía Geoambiental y Teledetección; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo de Chile[EN] Due to their oceanographic and climatic ecological characteristics, the coastal areas of the Valparaíso Region of Chile are of great importance for the country's tourist, economic, and environmental development. The region's coasts have been affected by extreme events since 2015, with recurrent swells that have increased between 10% and 25% compared to previous years, causing the interruption of the annual dynamic process of the beaches accentuated by anthropic interventions on beaches, wetlands and coastal dunes that promote coastal degradation. This work aims to characterize which part of the beaches and at what time of year there is a higher risk of severe erosion in the immediate areas to the coast and explain its causes based on satellite images of medium resolution satellite images. 128 SDS were extracted with Landsat 8 OLI and Sentinel 2 images with systems SHOREX. Average widths calculated for the series in each of the seasons. Recording the minimum widths in the proximal areas with averages of 12.3 m; 23.6 m and 21.2 m Concón Bay, Reñaca Beach and Algarrobo bay, respectively showing critical or problematic states. The dominant direction of the waves and the geographical disposition of the three beaches seems evident that there is a robust longitudinal transport to the north that generates less sediment accumulation in the proximal areas. The seasonal variation of the beaches distinguishes by more energetic conditions in winter than in summer. But they are also influenced by rapid episodic periods, low atmospheric pressure systems from the north and south, swells and tropical storms. Hence, it is unlikely that the variations in the width of the beach are only due to winter-summer energetic conditions.Item type: Capítulo de libro , Access status: Abierto , Mediterranean surface geostrophic circulation from satellite data(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-01) Zid, Ferdous; Vigo, Isabel; García, David; European Space Agency; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades[EN] In this work, we provide an updated geodetic approach to the Mediterranean Surface Geostrophic circulation based on satellite data. We follow same methodology as in a previous approach by Vigo et al. (2018), but here both the Sea Surface Height (SSH) and the Geoid (N) have been updated by enhanced solutions, and the time period covered has been extended to 23 years, from 1993 to 2015. The main general pattern of circulation is confirmed with respect to previous approach, but the new estimation provides enhanced resolution of the details, and higher variations in the climatology. When compare both satellite data-based approaches to the Mediterranean Surface Geostrophic Circulation (SGC) with Mercator model simulations that assimilates in-situ measurements, our new estimate shows clearly better agreement than the earlier approach. The mean circulation for the studied period, and the climatology of the SGC for the Mediterranean Sea are presented in the context of previous literature.Item type: Capítulo de libro , Access status: Abierto , Modelación de °Brix y pH en uva vinífera mediante imágenes satelitales. Valle de Colchagua, Chile(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-01) Fredes, Sandra; Ruiz Fernández, Luis Ángel; Recio Recio, Jorge Abel; Departamento de Ingeniería Cartográfica Geodesia y Fotogrametría; Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Geodésica, Cartográfica y Topográfica; Grupo de Cartografía Geoambiental y Teledetección[EN] In order to monitor the ripeness and composition of wine grape berries and establish an optimal harvest date, the determination of °Brix and pH is vital. This research includes the study of two harvest seasons of the Cabernet Sauvignon variety: 2017 and 2018. Field data were collected periodically, allowing the tracking of the vine’s phenological state. Incorporating technological solutions into the fruit sampling process, such as Sentinel-2 satellite images, allows optimization of a traditionally handcrafted procedure and provides a more detailed view of the plots. From these images, 12 variables were obtained, composed of 8 bands and 4 spectral indices, which were related to variables extracted from field samples. The °Brix modeling presents an R² of 69% and 73% in the 2017 and 2018 seasons, respectively. In pH modeling, the 2017 season showed low R² results (43%), which improved considerably in 2018, reaching 63.8%. Selecting a model that defines the variability of the plot and identifies early or late ripening areas is both useful and valuable for achieving constant improvements in production and, consequently, in wine quality.Item type: Capítulo de libro , Access status: Abierto , Detectando los desequilibrios dotacionales como generadores de problemas en la movilidad del distrito metropolitano de Quito(Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021-10-01) Astudillo-Ortega, Susana; Vazquez, Antonio[EN] In metropolitan areas, daily mobility for work reasons, study, daily procedures, leisure and free time acquires great importance. This research aims to build a methodology for the analysis of daily mobility based on the use of intelligent systems that allow research the way to find the origin of congestion problems in urban mobility generated by imbalances in the spatial distribution of services, especially those that can be avoided with an adequate focus on the management of the provisioned location. This article addresses the analysis of the educational variable from the stages of compulsory education, in order to analyze the territorial distribution of these educational services, determine if there are areas with imbalances and define whether the provision of school units is related to the demand of the school-age population. Based on the algorithms used, it was obtained as a result that of the 1,269 neighborhoods / sectors that make up the Metropolitan District of Quito, 43% could reach an educational endowment balance, 46% tend to present a greater demand (south of the District and areas peri-urban), and the remaining 11% a greater offer (hypercenter of the city). In the article, concepts such as "forced mobility" and a partial redistribution simulation procedure (in which the terms "targeted demand", "targeted supply" and "targeted balance" are coined) are presented as inputs.