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COOK, Malcolm, "Performance Times: The Lightning Cartoon and the Emergence of Animation", en Askari et al. (ed.), 2015. Performing New Media, 1890-1915, Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, pp. 48-56.
CRAFTON, Donald, 1982. Before Mickey: The Animated Film 1898-1928, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
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GREENBERG, Raz, 2018. "How Animation Won Over the Lightning Sketch: Re- Evaluating Humorous Phases of Funny Faces", en Animation: an interdisciplinary journal, vol 13(2), 2018, pp. 162-174. https://doi.org/10.1177/1746847718783641
HARVEY, Robert C., "How comics came to be", en HEER, Jeet y WORCESTER, Kent (ed.), 2009. A Comics Studies Reader, Jacksonville, FL: Mississipi University Press, pp. 25-45.
KUNZLE, David, "Rodolphe Töpffer's Aesthetic Revolution", en HEER, Jeet y WORCESTER, Kent (ed.), 2009. A Comics Studies Reader, Jacksonville, FL: Mississipi University Press, pp. 17-24.
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SMOLDEREN, Thierry, 2014 [2009]. The Origins of comics: from William Hogarth to Winsor McCay, trad. inglés Bart Beaty, Nick Nguyen, Mississippi: Univerisity Press of Mississippi (Naissances de la bande dessinée: de William Hogarth à Winsor McCay, Bruselas: Les impressions Nouvelles). https://doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781617031496.001.0001
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