Optimización multiobjetivo de baterías para vehículos eléctricos en una estación de cambio de baterías con una planta fotovoltaica

Abstract

[ES] OPTIMIZACIÓN MULTIOBJETIVO DE BATERÍAS PARA VEHÍCULOS ELÉCTRICOS EN UNA ESTACIÓN DE CAMBIO DE BATERÍAS CON UNA PLANTA FOTOVOLTAICA.

El trabajo consiste en la optimización de una planta fotovoltaica localizada en España con almacenamiento de energía mediante baterías para vehículos eléctricos en una estación de cambio de baterías, dónde las baterías son intercambiadas. Siguiendo la normativa correspondiente a la zona del proyecto. La razón de llevar a cabo este proyecto es el aprendizaje y mejora en proyectos relacionados con energía renovable y la ingeniería eléctrica.

[EN] The use of electric vehicles (EVs) instead of those powered by fossil fuels is a road to reduce CO2 emissions alongside with other toxic components such as NOx. The purpose of this project is to encourage the use of electric vehicles using a battery swapping system (BSS), providing a solution to the long charging times some EVs owners may experience. EVs providing taxi services in Madrid were considered, with special focus on those taxis which are used by different drivers (shared taxi license). The objectives are the following: • To analyse the taxi sector in Madrid and locate places to install the required infrastructure. • To devise a control and operation for battery swapping stations. • To optimise the charging of EVs using a PV plant and compare it with the conventional EV charging from the power grid, to provide the most economically feasible solution. • To analyse the impacts that the solution provided may have in different scenarios. Scenarios with different energy demands (different amounts of EV taxi) and with variations in the energy generated with the PV plant. • Develop a generic model to optimise EV charging installations. A photovoltaic (PV) plant located next to the airport where a high flow of taxis exists is considered to charge the electric batteries to avoid a congestion of the distribution network, as well as to reduce the cost of the energy required to charge the batteries in the long term. Research carried out throughout the completion of this report includes the actual situation and future expectations of technology involved in EV batteries (life expectancy, capacity and price). In addition, price expectations and ways to optimise the application of PV technology to charge EVs is studied and applied. ii Results show that the coordination between on-site generation with renewable energy and the charging of electric batteries with a BSS, allows a low-cost and more feasible charging. Further work related to this topic could be to find a way to diversify the location of renewable energy sources and integrate renewable energy systems in cities, so that there is no need to rely on the grid to charge EV batteries.